Therapists in McLean, VA

Photo of Chloe Koutsos, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Chloe Koutsos
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
I work with clients with concerns such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, athlete concerns, self-esteem, relationships (peer, spousal, dating, breakups), sleep issues, and life transitions. My approach is based on my belief in the importance of the therapeutic relationship and having a safe, supportive, non-judgmental space where clients can feel understood, accepted, connected, can share and explore their experiences, strengthen and expand upon coping skills, and develop insights.
I work with clients with concerns such as anxiety, depression, stress, perfectionism, athlete concerns, self-esteem, relationships (peer, spousal, dating, breakups), sleep issues, and life transitions. My approach is based on my belief in the importance of the therapeutic relationship and having a safe, supportive, non-judgmental space where clients can feel understood, accepted, connected, can share and explore their experiences, strengthen and expand upon coping skills, and develop insights.
(571) 200-8148 View (571) 200-8148
Photo of Walker Milligan, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Walker Milligan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
The most transformative gifts you can give yourself are self-exploration and radical compassion. You and I can work together to develop these tools.
The most transformative gifts you can give yourself are self-exploration and radical compassion. You and I can work together to develop these tools.
(405) 451-4032 View (405) 451-4032
Photo of Geoff Michaelson, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Geoff Michaelson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
Are you stressed, anxious, depressed, or feel out of control?Whether a parent concerned about a child, an adult, or couple, we can work together on your concerns. Do you want help with smoking, chronic pain, public speaking, phobias or sexual problems? We can develop a program to address these problems.If you are an executive or professional a coaching plan for career and business goals may help. Perhaps you want to write a book or perform better at a sport. We will approach your future with a problem solving, empathic and supportive approach. Warm regards! Geoff Michaelson,Ph.D.
Are you stressed, anxious, depressed, or feel out of control?Whether a parent concerned about a child, an adult, or couple, we can work together on your concerns. Do you want help with smoking, chronic pain, public speaking, phobias or sexual problems? We can develop a program to address these problems.If you are an executive or professional a coaching plan for career and business goals may help. Perhaps you want to write a book or perform better at a sport. We will approach your future with a problem solving, empathic and supportive approach. Warm regards! Geoff Michaelson,Ph.D.
(703) 883-1770 View (703) 883-1770
Photo of Jennifer Lager, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Jennifer Lager
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with 15+ years of experience. I work in a collaborative manner allowing you to achieve goals that you set. Through therapy, we can work on changing longstanding counter-productive behavior patterns and reinforcing areas of strength. By doing this, you can have more rewarding relationships and a more fulfilling life. With your consent, I collaborate with other professionals involved in your care. I keep current on treatments for issues such as mood disorders, ADHD, and relationship issues. I encourage using physical activity and mindfulness to improve mental health. If interested, please talk to me about walking during your sessions.
I'm a Clinical Psychologist with 15+ years of experience. I work in a collaborative manner allowing you to achieve goals that you set. Through therapy, we can work on changing longstanding counter-productive behavior patterns and reinforcing areas of strength. By doing this, you can have more rewarding relationships and a more fulfilling life. With your consent, I collaborate with other professionals involved in your care. I keep current on treatments for issues such as mood disorders, ADHD, and relationship issues. I encourage using physical activity and mindfulness to improve mental health. If interested, please talk to me about walking during your sessions.
(703) 594-1913 View (703) 594-1913
Photo of Mimi Weisberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Mimi Weisberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
I believe that during times of exploration and life crises it is helpful to have a safe supportive environment and a caring, knowledgeable professional to reflect and learn with. Challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, readjustment to loss and other changes can be disarming and disorienting. Complicated family dynamics, transitions and developmental tasks along with ineffective communication patterns are hard to untangle alone. When faced with conflicting wants and needs as well as difficult problem-solving and decision-making situations, having a professional who you can confide in and not feel judged by is a welcomed relief.
I believe that during times of exploration and life crises it is helpful to have a safe supportive environment and a caring, knowledgeable professional to reflect and learn with. Challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, readjustment to loss and other changes can be disarming and disorienting. Complicated family dynamics, transitions and developmental tasks along with ineffective communication patterns are hard to untangle alone. When faced with conflicting wants and needs as well as difficult problem-solving and decision-making situations, having a professional who you can confide in and not feel judged by is a welcomed relief.
(703) 991-0012 View (703) 991-0012
Photo of Valia Shoja, Resident in Counseling in McLean, VA
Valia Shoja
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
I am a resident Counselor at Wellness Through Counseling, located in McLean, VA. I am passionate about helping my clients heal and grow. My mission is to assist people understand themselves and their challenges more effectively. I strongly believe that my clients are experts of their desired path in life. I strive to create a safe space that allows you to process your thoughts and feelings. Through a trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship, we will work together to explore your strengths and resilience for living a fulfilling life and reaching your potential.
I am a resident Counselor at Wellness Through Counseling, located in McLean, VA. I am passionate about helping my clients heal and grow. My mission is to assist people understand themselves and their challenges more effectively. I strongly believe that my clients are experts of their desired path in life. I strive to create a safe space that allows you to process your thoughts and feelings. Through a trusting and collaborative therapeutic relationship, we will work together to explore your strengths and resilience for living a fulfilling life and reaching your potential.
(571) 998-1325 View (571) 998-1325
Photo of Michelle Hallahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Michelle Hallahan
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
You’re allowed to feel enough just as you are. My passion lies with those who feel misunderstood, who mask to fit in, or who feel "normal" is a distant concept. It can feel exhausting navigating a world that feels unnatural, unsafe, uncontrollable, or judgmental, like others don't connect with who you are. It falsifies reality and reinforces irrational, intrusive, uncontrollable, and disruptive beliefs; you convince yourself you are the problem… but you aren’t. Whether an adolescent, neurodivergent, challenged by a life transition, socially awkward/isolated, or struggling to process a big or little trauma, you matter.
You’re allowed to feel enough just as you are. My passion lies with those who feel misunderstood, who mask to fit in, or who feel "normal" is a distant concept. It can feel exhausting navigating a world that feels unnatural, unsafe, uncontrollable, or judgmental, like others don't connect with who you are. It falsifies reality and reinforces irrational, intrusive, uncontrollable, and disruptive beliefs; you convince yourself you are the problem… but you aren’t. Whether an adolescent, neurodivergent, challenged by a life transition, socially awkward/isolated, or struggling to process a big or little trauma, you matter.
(571) 384-2805 View (571) 384-2805
Photo of Debra N Brosius, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Debra N Brosius
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Welcome to my practice and thank you for your interest in my work. My goal is to ensure that you receive quality care in a confidential and therapeutic environment. With over 20 years of professional work history, I am skilled in the assessment and treatment of individuals suffering from mood disorders, interpersonal issues and learning difficulties. It is my goal to work collaboratively with you to ensure optimal health and wellness.
Welcome to my practice and thank you for your interest in my work. My goal is to ensure that you receive quality care in a confidential and therapeutic environment. With over 20 years of professional work history, I am skilled in the assessment and treatment of individuals suffering from mood disorders, interpersonal issues and learning difficulties. It is my goal to work collaboratively with you to ensure optimal health and wellness.
(703) 810-7853 View (703) 810-7853
Photo of Kathy Matay, Resident in Counseling in McLean, VA
Kathy Matay
Resident in Counseling, LRC, CALM, ASIST
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Kathy completed her master's in counseling and psychotherapy with the Adler Graduate School and is pursuing licensure as an LPC. She has 15 years of experience as a certified parent educator with CHADD and the Parent Encouragement Program (PEP). She works with parents to adopt a positive discipline approach and provides tools and strategies to win cooperation and increase peacefulness and respect in the family. Kathy applies neuroscience to help clients with emotional regulation and anger management to prevent disproportionate reactions.
Kathy completed her master's in counseling and psychotherapy with the Adler Graduate School and is pursuing licensure as an LPC. She has 15 years of experience as a certified parent educator with CHADD and the Parent Encouragement Program (PEP). She works with parents to adopt a positive discipline approach and provides tools and strategies to win cooperation and increase peacefulness and respect in the family. Kathy applies neuroscience to help clients with emotional regulation and anger management to prevent disproportionate reactions.
(571) 581-6201 View (571) 581-6201
Photo of Sara Loker, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Sara Loker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101  (Online Only)
Are you are seeking help adjusting to major life changes? I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in helping clients navigate difficult times of transition such as divorce and learning how to facilitate healthy co-parenting relationships. I also work with adults and teens dealing with ADHD and eating disorders. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families who have struggled with a variety of mental health issues. I aim to provide my clients with warmth, support, and a safe environment to promote change and increased understanding of self.
Are you are seeking help adjusting to major life changes? I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in helping clients navigate difficult times of transition such as divorce and learning how to facilitate healthy co-parenting relationships. I also work with adults and teens dealing with ADHD and eating disorders. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families who have struggled with a variety of mental health issues. I aim to provide my clients with warmth, support, and a safe environment to promote change and increased understanding of self.
(540) 235-5369 View (540) 235-5369
Photo of Erica Ohnstad, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Erica Ohnstad
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Erica is licensed in the state of Virginia as a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Licensed Addictions Treatment Practitioner, and a Board Certified Art Therapist. She has an extensive history of working with clients suffering from co-occurring disorders. Erica feels that the therapeutic value of art has the opportunity to heal, empower and engage those isolated due to their addiction, depression, anxiety, fears, anger, and pain. Erica received her Master's degree in Art Therapy from George Washington University, with a focus on Trauma-Informed Care.
Erica is licensed in the state of Virginia as a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Licensed Addictions Treatment Practitioner, and a Board Certified Art Therapist. She has an extensive history of working with clients suffering from co-occurring disorders. Erica feels that the therapeutic value of art has the opportunity to heal, empower and engage those isolated due to their addiction, depression, anxiety, fears, anger, and pain. Erica received her Master's degree in Art Therapy from George Washington University, with a focus on Trauma-Informed Care.
(571) 568-5225 View (571) 568-5225
Photo of Healing By Design LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Healing By Design LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102
Taking that first step towards seeking support and selecting the right therapist can be daunting. If you're looking to work with a warm, compassionate and effective therapist I welcome you to learn more about me, my therapeutic approaches and practice. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive therapeutic space in which you can share your feelings, gain insight, and learn strategies to cope with loss, life transitions, relationship difficulties, addiction, depression, anxiety, ADHD, failure to launch, family or work challenges. I provide individual, couples, family and group therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, DBT, EAP &
Taking that first step towards seeking support and selecting the right therapist can be daunting. If you're looking to work with a warm, compassionate and effective therapist I welcome you to learn more about me, my therapeutic approaches and practice. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive therapeutic space in which you can share your feelings, gain insight, and learn strategies to cope with loss, life transitions, relationship difficulties, addiction, depression, anxiety, ADHD, failure to launch, family or work challenges. I provide individual, couples, family and group therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, DBT, EAP &
(571) 946-8517 View (571) 946-8517
Photo of Rebecca Rossiter, Resident in Counseling in McLean, VA
Rebecca Rossiter
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
Waitlist for new clients
I work with people who are seeking a deeper understanding of themselves, their circumstances, and their abilities. No matter what the reason, most people I see begin this journey because they are experiencing discomfort and looking for relief. My hope is to help you attain clarity and empower you to identify what you want and what is possible.
I work with people who are seeking a deeper understanding of themselves, their circumstances, and their abilities. No matter what the reason, most people I see begin this journey because they are experiencing discomfort and looking for relief. My hope is to help you attain clarity and empower you to identify what you want and what is possible.
(571) 462-2637 View (571) 462-2637
Photo of Valerie Ward, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Valerie Ward
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102  (Online Only)
Clients who work with me learn to better understand their emotional triggers, work to overcome life’s setbacks, manage stress more productively, communicate with others more effectively, and set healthy boundaries. My approach involves getting to know each of my clients, beyond what has brought them into therapy. I seek to understand what your goals are for this journey, and we together discuss how I can support you in working on what can be changed, and learning to cope with people and situations that we cannot change.
Clients who work with me learn to better understand their emotional triggers, work to overcome life’s setbacks, manage stress more productively, communicate with others more effectively, and set healthy boundaries. My approach involves getting to know each of my clients, beyond what has brought them into therapy. I seek to understand what your goals are for this journey, and we together discuss how I can support you in working on what can be changed, and learning to cope with people and situations that we cannot change.
(703) 215-2169 View (703) 215-2169
Photo of Andrea Anderson Polk, Licensed Professional Counselor in McLean, VA
Andrea Anderson Polk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
As a lifelong resident of Northern Virginia, I have been serving the mental health needs of McLean for nearly 20 years. Have you tried everything and continue to remain stuck? Whether you are struggling with imposter syndrome, stress + overwhelm, persistent anxiety, or a chronic feeling of emptiness that something is missing in your life - it is time for a breakthrough! My therapeutic approach is specifically tailored to the client based upon their unique life story. Please visit my website, www.andreaandersonpolk.com for further information.
As a lifelong resident of Northern Virginia, I have been serving the mental health needs of McLean for nearly 20 years. Have you tried everything and continue to remain stuck? Whether you are struggling with imposter syndrome, stress + overwhelm, persistent anxiety, or a chronic feeling of emptiness that something is missing in your life - it is time for a breakthrough! My therapeutic approach is specifically tailored to the client based upon their unique life story. Please visit my website, www.andreaandersonpolk.com for further information.
(571) 200-8998 View (571) 200-8998
Photo of Erwin J Reyna, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Erwin J Reyna
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102  (Online Only)
Erwin Reyna is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters of Social Work from Fordham University in NYC. He served 12 years in the United States Marine Corps and continues to serve his community by providing mentorship and guidance to individuals and families going through crisis.
Erwin Reyna is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters of Social Work from Fordham University in NYC. He served 12 years in the United States Marine Corps and continues to serve his community by providing mentorship and guidance to individuals and families going through crisis.
(571) 351-1152 View (571) 351-1152
Photo of Eric Propst, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Eric Propst
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
Not accepting new clients
I'm a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience helping adults remove the obstacles to achieving their life goals - self-attacks, passive behavior, negative assumptions, delaying difficult life decisions, and repetitive, destructive relationship patterns. Our work together is collaborative, respectful, and goal-focused. It is also, at times, challenging - as is often the case with growth and learning, but the end result is the joy of increased freedom. Therapy gives a unique opportunity to examine our emotional life and re-evaluate the beliefs and presuppositions that affect our perceptions of ourselves and others.
I'm a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience helping adults remove the obstacles to achieving their life goals - self-attacks, passive behavior, negative assumptions, delaying difficult life decisions, and repetitive, destructive relationship patterns. Our work together is collaborative, respectful, and goal-focused. It is also, at times, challenging - as is often the case with growth and learning, but the end result is the joy of increased freedom. Therapy gives a unique opportunity to examine our emotional life and re-evaluate the beliefs and presuppositions that affect our perceptions of ourselves and others.
(540) 308-9926 View (540) 308-9926
Photo of Roger Craig Rothman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Roger Craig Rothman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
The key to successful psychotherapy is the trusting relationship which the therapist and client establish. Throughout my career, I have worked hard to welcome, listen and understand in an informal and collaborative manner. My approach with all of my clients, regardless of their age, is to focus on their strengths and to be flexible. I believe that maintaining regular communication with other care givers and family members, (where appropriate,) is key to making progress. My many years of working in the same community allows me to have a vast knowledge of local services, including other professionals.
The key to successful psychotherapy is the trusting relationship which the therapist and client establish. Throughout my career, I have worked hard to welcome, listen and understand in an informal and collaborative manner. My approach with all of my clients, regardless of their age, is to focus on their strengths and to be flexible. I believe that maintaining regular communication with other care givers and family members, (where appropriate,) is key to making progress. My many years of working in the same community allows me to have a vast knowledge of local services, including other professionals.
(703) 962-6684 View (703) 962-6684
Photo of Fereshteh Khodaei Shahrokhi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McLean, VA
Fereshteh Khodaei Shahrokhi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22101
My name is Fereshteh Shahrokhi. Have worked decades as clinical & school social worker with K-12 students & families. Worked at day treatment, children & adolescents & juvenile delinquents residential placements with emotional & behavioral difficulties. In particular is skilled working with people with ADHD/Executive Function Deficits (EFD). Provided local, state, and national level presentations in ADHD/EFD, Depression Awareness & Prevention, Bullying & did Depression Screening. Also have been nominated as "The Social Worker of the Year" in 2011 by Fairfax County Association of School Social Workers, the second one ever nominated. Also worked with traumatized children & adolescents & sex offenders.
My name is Fereshteh Shahrokhi. Have worked decades as clinical & school social worker with K-12 students & families. Worked at day treatment, children & adolescents & juvenile delinquents residential placements with emotional & behavioral difficulties. In particular is skilled working with people with ADHD/Executive Function Deficits (EFD). Provided local, state, and national level presentations in ADHD/EFD, Depression Awareness & Prevention, Bullying & did Depression Screening. Also have been nominated as "The Social Worker of the Year" in 2011 by Fairfax County Association of School Social Workers, the second one ever nominated. Also worked with traumatized children & adolescents & sex offenders.
(703) 609-9387 View (703) 609-9387
Photo of Makon Fardis, Psychologist in McLean, VA
Makon Fardis
Psychologist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with couples, adults, and families. It is my belief that a warm and compassionate environment in therapy, in conjunction with problem solving and a growth-oriented attitude lead to better quality of life. The goal is to understand the thought and behavior patterns that can damage one's happiness and create problems in relating to others; and to replace them with healthier ones. My therapy services address issues ranging from stress and anxiety to depression, anger, relationship and communication problems, self-esteem, identity, and grief/loss.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist working with couples, adults, and families. It is my belief that a warm and compassionate environment in therapy, in conjunction with problem solving and a growth-oriented attitude lead to better quality of life. The goal is to understand the thought and behavior patterns that can damage one's happiness and create problems in relating to others; and to replace them with healthier ones. My therapy services address issues ranging from stress and anxiety to depression, anger, relationship and communication problems, self-esteem, identity, and grief/loss.
(202) 656-8936 View (202) 656-8936

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in McLean, VA

500+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in McLean, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% BlueCross and BlueShield
54% Anthem | Elevance
48% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in McLean, VA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in McLean?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.