Therapists in Fort Smith, AR

Photo of Brittney Avaritt, Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Brittney Avaritt
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Relationships are hard. The stresses of everyday life tend to throw curveballs that can cause conflict even in the healthiest of relationships. If you and your loved ones are in a place where it’s difficult to see a way out of the conflict, counseling is a great tool to help you become unstuck and find a path forward. Relational work is my passion and I love to see individuals connect with one another in meaningful and impactful ways. I respect and honor the worth of every individual, couple, and family unit, and I have created a safe and welcoming space for you to come just as you are.
Relationships are hard. The stresses of everyday life tend to throw curveballs that can cause conflict even in the healthiest of relationships. If you and your loved ones are in a place where it’s difficult to see a way out of the conflict, counseling is a great tool to help you become unstuck and find a path forward. Relational work is my passion and I love to see individuals connect with one another in meaningful and impactful ways. I respect and honor the worth of every individual, couple, and family unit, and I have created a safe and welcoming space for you to come just as you are.
(479) 324-5460 View (479) 324-5460
Photo of Rebecca Whitson, Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Rebecca Whitson
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Everyone has a story. Yours is unique and valuable, and I'm here to listen. Whether you have specific goals you're working toward or just need a place to connect and sort through life, I would love to help.
Everyone has a story. Yours is unique and valuable, and I'm here to listen. Whether you have specific goals you're working toward or just need a place to connect and sort through life, I would love to help.
(479) 777-7940 View (479) 777-7940
Photo of William J Thornton, Psychologist in Fort Smith, AR
William J Thornton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
“I’ve tried therapy. It didn’t help.” “Nobody seems to know how to help me.” “I just want to get better.” These are words I hate hearing. Suffering people need Answers. Recovery from life’s trouble MUST begin with a thorough, accurate assessment, to ensure a unique, individualized treatment plan can be created. As a Clinical Psychologist, Dr. Bill uses advanced, specialized tools and skills to get you back to happiness, meaning, and a bright perspective. A psychologist is the highest, non-medical, mental health professional available. Entrust yourself and your loved ones to only the best care available. Call Dr. Bill 479-242-4560.
“I’ve tried therapy. It didn’t help.” “Nobody seems to know how to help me.” “I just want to get better.” These are words I hate hearing. Suffering people need Answers. Recovery from life’s trouble MUST begin with a thorough, accurate assessment, to ensure a unique, individualized treatment plan can be created. As a Clinical Psychologist, Dr. Bill uses advanced, specialized tools and skills to get you back to happiness, meaning, and a bright perspective. A psychologist is the highest, non-medical, mental health professional available. Entrust yourself and your loved ones to only the best care available. Call Dr. Bill 479-242-4560.
(479) 668-3418 View (479) 668-3418
Photo of Marlene Wadley, Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Marlene Wadley
Counselor, MEd, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72901
I am licensed in Arkansas and Arizona and offer telehealth as well as in-person sessions at my Arizona clinic. My therapy style is encouraging and motivational. I focus mostly on person-centered and cognitive behavioral therapy, paired with solution-focused, allowing every client to see their situation in a different light, and understand how thoughts and feelings play a role in status and outcome. I have year-long ties to the military and law enforcement. My clients are very close to my heart, and I pride myself on being invited into their lives, and walking alongside them as an encouraging and supportive ally.
I am licensed in Arkansas and Arizona and offer telehealth as well as in-person sessions at my Arizona clinic. My therapy style is encouraging and motivational. I focus mostly on person-centered and cognitive behavioral therapy, paired with solution-focused, allowing every client to see their situation in a different light, and understand how thoughts and feelings play a role in status and outcome. I have year-long ties to the military and law enforcement. My clients are very close to my heart, and I pride myself on being invited into their lives, and walking alongside them as an encouraging and supportive ally.
(479) 309-3624 View (479) 309-3624
Photo of Jeff Nemeth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Jeff Nemeth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I live and work in the River Valley. Formerly a safety engineer in Chicago, I later trained as a Marriage and Family Therapist in The Canadian Rockies. I’ve been practicing for over 14 years and provide a Christ-centered approach to therapy. I have over 8000 hours of experience with youth issues. I enjoy working with couples and families, helping people fall in love again. I have helped many people work through loss, trauma and, also trained in and advanced trauma techniques using EMDR therapy. I have seen many clients with sexual issues. I have experience working with children and adults with autism and dyslexia.
I live and work in the River Valley. Formerly a safety engineer in Chicago, I later trained as a Marriage and Family Therapist in The Canadian Rockies. I’ve been practicing for over 14 years and provide a Christ-centered approach to therapy. I have over 8000 hours of experience with youth issues. I enjoy working with couples and families, helping people fall in love again. I have helped many people work through loss, trauma and, also trained in and advanced trauma techniques using EMDR therapy. I have seen many clients with sexual issues. I have experience working with children and adults with autism and dyslexia.
(479) 339-8375 View (479) 339-8375
Photo of Pablo Albuja, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Pablo Albuja
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP, EMDR, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72916
Science has shown that mental health issues might not be only genetic, but also the result of current of past adverse experiences, causing unwanted symptoms to appear. As human beings we need connection with others and psychotherapy might be a powerful tool to help heal emotional wounds. ESPAÑOL: Ciencia ha demostrado que trastornos de salud mental no solo pueden ser genéticos pero también el resultado de experiencias adversas presentes o del pasado, causando sintomas no deseados. Como seres humanos necesitamos conexión emocional con otros . Psicoterapia puede una herramienta poderosa para ayudar a sanar de lesiones emocionales.
Science has shown that mental health issues might not be only genetic, but also the result of current of past adverse experiences, causing unwanted symptoms to appear. As human beings we need connection with others and psychotherapy might be a powerful tool to help heal emotional wounds. ESPAÑOL: Ciencia ha demostrado que trastornos de salud mental no solo pueden ser genéticos pero también el resultado de experiencias adversas presentes o del pasado, causando sintomas no deseados. Como seres humanos necesitamos conexión emocional con otros . Psicoterapia puede una herramienta poderosa para ayudar a sanar de lesiones emocionales.
(479) 668-4538 View (479) 668-4538
Photo of William M. Heath, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
William M. Heath
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Attending therapy is an opportunity for you to do something to help yourself. During your therapy sessions with me I will work to get to know you so that I have a good understanding about the most important concern you want to address. This will involve discussing with you potential changes you want to make for yourself or perhaps exploring your desire to have a deeper understanding about something that may be troubling you. I work with people who are suffering with the challenges related to trauma, anxiety, loss, depression, panic-attacks, phobias and other areas.
Attending therapy is an opportunity for you to do something to help yourself. During your therapy sessions with me I will work to get to know you so that I have a good understanding about the most important concern you want to address. This will involve discussing with you potential changes you want to make for yourself or perhaps exploring your desire to have a deeper understanding about something that may be troubling you. I work with people who are suffering with the challenges related to trauma, anxiety, loss, depression, panic-attacks, phobias and other areas.
(479) 239-9206 View (479) 239-9206
Photo of Christa M Means, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Christa M Means
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Counseling is the opportunity to walk alongside people in their most difficult times. Each person or couple has their own story to tell and its an honor to join them in their journey. My goal in counseling is to help people who feel lost find hope and a clearer roadmap that leads to healing.
Counseling is the opportunity to walk alongside people in their most difficult times. Each person or couple has their own story to tell and its an honor to join them in their journey. My goal in counseling is to help people who feel lost find hope and a clearer roadmap that leads to healing.
(479) 282-2703 View (479) 282-2703
Photo of Brandy Cunningham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Brandy Cunningham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Counseling/Therapy is a great way to safely explore your thoughts, feelings, and life dynamics to help you become the healthiest you! Life and mental health struggles are real and can leave you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, defeated, tired, insecure, among many other icky feelings. Without processing and seeking treatment in a healthy way, symptoms can exacerbate into something insurmountable. Treat yourself to finding a healthy balance and fulfilment in your life...you DESERVE your best self!
Counseling/Therapy is a great way to safely explore your thoughts, feelings, and life dynamics to help you become the healthiest you! Life and mental health struggles are real and can leave you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, defeated, tired, insecure, among many other icky feelings. Without processing and seeking treatment in a healthy way, symptoms can exacerbate into something insurmountable. Treat yourself to finding a healthy balance and fulfilment in your life...you DESERVE your best self!
(479) 239-9273 View (479) 239-9273
Photo of Chelsea Neal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Chelsea Neal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72908
Do you feel like you are ready for a change, but still running in place? Stuck in a rut and ready to get loose? Do you crave connection and healthy relationships, but find that you aren't sure what needs to change to get there? If you are reading this then most likely you have hit a breaking point and are looking for assistance in mending what has broken. It would be my honor to help guide you and provide care and support as you work to become your healthiest and truest self.
Do you feel like you are ready for a change, but still running in place? Stuck in a rut and ready to get loose? Do you crave connection and healthy relationships, but find that you aren't sure what needs to change to get there? If you are reading this then most likely you have hit a breaking point and are looking for assistance in mending what has broken. It would be my honor to help guide you and provide care and support as you work to become your healthiest and truest self.
(479) 341-6533 View (479) 341-6533
Photo of Linda Lay Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Linda Lay Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, worry, fear or sadness? Is it a huge effort just to get through the day? Exhausted by life? Trying to balance your work and family life is draining all of your energy and you have zero time for yourself? Is caring for loved ones – aging parents, children, partner - through Illness or other life challenges taking a toll? You’re doing all you can but it still feels like it isn’t enough. You tell everyone that you're just tired, but really, you know you are overwhelmed and struggling. You don't sleep well or take care of yourself. There is no time, there is no energy, there is no you.
Feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, worry, fear or sadness? Is it a huge effort just to get through the day? Exhausted by life? Trying to balance your work and family life is draining all of your energy and you have zero time for yourself? Is caring for loved ones – aging parents, children, partner - through Illness or other life challenges taking a toll? You’re doing all you can but it still feels like it isn’t enough. You tell everyone that you're just tired, but really, you know you are overwhelmed and struggling. You don't sleep well or take care of yourself. There is no time, there is no energy, there is no you.
(479) 282-2656 View (479) 282-2656
Photo of Shawn Kispert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Shawn Kispert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CMAT, CSAT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
People truthfully want to be heard. Clients want to know you're listening, validating and joining in their story. Each time a new client comes into my office, I am fully aware they are nervous and do not trust me. It is my job to share enough of myself with you, giving you the necessary comfortable space to feel free to begin to heal. I listen, I listen but when you are anxious or nervous, I ask easy but directive questions. You CAN do this, whatever is stopping you from living the life you want. Together, listening, talking, laughing, crying, sometimes having a bit of chocolate along the way! Come on in....you got this!
People truthfully want to be heard. Clients want to know you're listening, validating and joining in their story. Each time a new client comes into my office, I am fully aware they are nervous and do not trust me. It is my job to share enough of myself with you, giving you the necessary comfortable space to feel free to begin to heal. I listen, I listen but when you are anxious or nervous, I ask easy but directive questions. You CAN do this, whatever is stopping you from living the life you want. Together, listening, talking, laughing, crying, sometimes having a bit of chocolate along the way! Come on in....you got this!
(479) 763-3620 View (479) 763-3620
Photo of Beatriz Orozco, Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Beatriz Orozco
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I have an affinity for working with individuals grappling with generalized anxiety, depression, and trauma. Perhaps you are exhausted of living a life limited by worry, shame or guilt and struggle with loneliness. You may be new to therapy or a returning client needing assistance navigating life transitions or seasons. You may even need help forming healthier and positive relationships. Together we can help you reach your desired life by helping you unpack the weight you've been carrying. My goal is to provide an inviting space you can make your own and gently guide you to the direction you desire in your life.
I have an affinity for working with individuals grappling with generalized anxiety, depression, and trauma. Perhaps you are exhausted of living a life limited by worry, shame or guilt and struggle with loneliness. You may be new to therapy or a returning client needing assistance navigating life transitions or seasons. You may even need help forming healthier and positive relationships. Together we can help you reach your desired life by helping you unpack the weight you've been carrying. My goal is to provide an inviting space you can make your own and gently guide you to the direction you desire in your life.
(479) 777-0725 View (479) 777-0725
Photo of Alexandria Kerr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Alexandria Kerr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Life can be a chaotic mess. Especially for adolescents and young adults trying to learn about themselves while navigating environmental pressures. Challenges such as first jobs, new relationships, evaluating potential career paths, and exploring new identities can lead to increases in anxiety, anger, and self- esteem issues.
Life can be a chaotic mess. Especially for adolescents and young adults trying to learn about themselves while navigating environmental pressures. Challenges such as first jobs, new relationships, evaluating potential career paths, and exploring new identities can lead to increases in anxiety, anger, and self- esteem issues.
(479) 239-9230 View (479) 239-9230
Photo of Pearl Beason, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Pearl Beason
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I must be perfect. I will fail. I'm permanently damaged. I cannot trust myself. Do these, or other negative beliefs feel true, even though you may know they're not true? Do you struggle with a past that you try to keep pushed away but it keeps interfering with your life? Do you feel like your experiences have left wounds that you wish would just heal, but they continue to impact you physically, emotionally or relationally? I can help you find freedom from those nagging thoughts, emotions and body sensations that are preventing you from living the life you want to live.
I must be perfect. I will fail. I'm permanently damaged. I cannot trust myself. Do these, or other negative beliefs feel true, even though you may know they're not true? Do you struggle with a past that you try to keep pushed away but it keeps interfering with your life? Do you feel like your experiences have left wounds that you wish would just heal, but they continue to impact you physically, emotionally or relationally? I can help you find freedom from those nagging thoughts, emotions and body sensations that are preventing you from living the life you want to live.
(479) 763-3617 View (479) 763-3617
Photo of Dr. Lisa Albuja, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Dr. Lisa Albuja
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, CCTP, CYTP, CFTP, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72916
Where do I go from here you might ask? You've endured a traumatic experience, maybe even more than once. You just had another blowout with your troublesome child or your family is in a spiraling crisis. You're in a volatile custody battle. Perhaps you don't recognize who you are anymore. You are paralyzed with fear or you don't know why you are so sad. Did that last explosive outburst of anger cross a penalizing line? I can help. I can work to help you function, to overcome a baffling obstacle or see a new vista.
Where do I go from here you might ask? You've endured a traumatic experience, maybe even more than once. You just had another blowout with your troublesome child or your family is in a spiraling crisis. You're in a volatile custody battle. Perhaps you don't recognize who you are anymore. You are paralyzed with fear or you don't know why you are so sad. Did that last explosive outburst of anger cross a penalizing line? I can help. I can work to help you function, to overcome a baffling obstacle or see a new vista.
(479) 282-2827 View (479) 282-2827
Photo of Amber M Cervantes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Amber M Cervantes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72903
I enjoy working with individuals, couples or families who are ready to grow and change. In most areas of life today stress and conflict are rampant and can steal our joy making it difficult to see the good things in our life. Career stress, school pressures or even work related or childhood trauma is becoming more and more common in this country. These days it is easy to get overwhelmed and discouraged. It is my belief that most of us need to make it a priority to slow down, examine our life-current, past and future-in order to live with purpose and peace in the midst of a rapidly changing world.
I enjoy working with individuals, couples or families who are ready to grow and change. In most areas of life today stress and conflict are rampant and can steal our joy making it difficult to see the good things in our life. Career stress, school pressures or even work related or childhood trauma is becoming more and more common in this country. These days it is easy to get overwhelmed and discouraged. It is my belief that most of us need to make it a priority to slow down, examine our life-current, past and future-in order to live with purpose and peace in the midst of a rapidly changing world.
(479) 689-0403 View (479) 689-0403
Photo of Lumina Behavioral Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Lumina Behavioral Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-TH, LADAC, ADC CSD
Verified Verified
Fort Smith, AR 72901
A significant number of my clients have struggled with a mental health and/or substance abuse disorder. They have presented for treatment in inpatient psychiatric, residential, and outpatient modalities. The overarching goal has been to stabilize and learn to function in a healthy manner. Clients have expressed they have made multiple attempts without success and are looking for long term solutions to reduce their negative life consequences. Other clients have reached out for assistance with traumatic events which have occurred in their lives. They express and desire to work on these events to obtain a productive lifestyle.
A significant number of my clients have struggled with a mental health and/or substance abuse disorder. They have presented for treatment in inpatient psychiatric, residential, and outpatient modalities. The overarching goal has been to stabilize and learn to function in a healthy manner. Clients have expressed they have made multiple attempts without success and are looking for long term solutions to reduce their negative life consequences. Other clients have reached out for assistance with traumatic events which have occurred in their lives. They express and desire to work on these events to obtain a productive lifestyle.
(479) 349-4906 View (479) 349-4906
Photo of Robin L. Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fort Smith, AR
Robin L. Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
There can be healing and growth after going through really hard things in life. Trauma doesn’t have to be the end of your story. You can write a new chapter. I am passionate about coming alongside those who are adjusting to life changes and seeking personal growth, as well as helping those who are working through the effects of abuse, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and grief.
There can be healing and growth after going through really hard things in life. Trauma doesn’t have to be the end of your story. You can write a new chapter. I am passionate about coming alongside those who are adjusting to life changes and seeking personal growth, as well as helping those who are working through the effects of abuse, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and grief.
(479) 364-5768 View (479) 364-5768
Photo of Judith J Mathewson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fort Smith, AR
Judith J Mathewson
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LPC, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fort Smith, AR 72903
Do you have relationship challenges? Have you tried to stop negative habits without success? Has depression affected your life? Are you struggling with anxiety? Do you want to develop positive communication and conflict resolution skills? It is my goal to help you get to the core of the issues you want to address in a safe, professional, and non-judgmental atmosphere.
Do you have relationship challenges? Have you tried to stop negative habits without success? Has depression affected your life? Are you struggling with anxiety? Do you want to develop positive communication and conflict resolution skills? It is my goal to help you get to the core of the issues you want to address in a safe, professional, and non-judgmental atmosphere.
(479) 437-2909 View (479) 437-2909

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fort Smith, AR

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fort Smith, AR who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
80% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
68% Grief
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Ambetter
48% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fort Smith, AR see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fort Smith?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.