Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

Photo of Stacey D Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Stacey D Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
(314) 310-6145 View (314) 310-6145
Photo of Eva Sedjo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Eva Sedjo
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Eva Sedjo is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA in Art Therapy Counseling. Eva provides art therapy and talk therapy services to a variety of populations and target areas, including eating disorder treatment, LGBTQIA+ folks, and youth/young adult services. She brings a curious and playful attitude as well as the clinical skill sets to support behavior change and explore the psychological facilitating factors to the presenting problems.
Eva Sedjo is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2021. She has an MA in Art Therapy Counseling. Eva provides art therapy and talk therapy services to a variety of populations and target areas, including eating disorder treatment, LGBTQIA+ folks, and youth/young adult services. She brings a curious and playful attitude as well as the clinical skill sets to support behavior change and explore the psychological facilitating factors to the presenting problems.
(314) 907-2976 View (314) 907-2976
Photo of Kimberly L Cappetta in Richmond Heights, MO
Kimberly L Cappetta
LPC, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
(314) 310-5597 View (314) 310-5597
Photo of Alexandra Solaro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Alexandra Solaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I offer neurofeedback therapy and qEEG brain mapping to clients seeking symptom reduction in anxiety, OCD, depression ADHD, trauma and addictions. I bring a developmental and trauma-informed perspective to neurotherapy and believe that contextualizing symptoms presenting on the level of the brain is key to creating insight and lasting change.
I offer neurofeedback therapy and qEEG brain mapping to clients seeking symptom reduction in anxiety, OCD, depression ADHD, trauma and addictions. I bring a developmental and trauma-informed perspective to neurotherapy and believe that contextualizing symptoms presenting on the level of the brain is key to creating insight and lasting change.
(314) 310-7717 View (314) 310-7717
Photo of Ashley Menke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Ashley Menke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
(314) 626-8997 View (314) 626-8997
Photo of Julie Williamson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Julie Williamson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Are you tired of anxiety getting in the way of living your life to fullest? Anxiety can feel debilitating in the enjoyment of our relationships and life in general. While anxiety is a fact of life, it doesn't have to dominate your life. I use Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, an evidenced based treatment for anxiety, to help you find new ways of managing anxiety so that you can live the life you want. Tired of finding yourself in dead end relationships? Maybe you've sworn off dating a certain "type" of person, but you seem to repeat the same relationship patterns.
Are you tired of anxiety getting in the way of living your life to fullest? Anxiety can feel debilitating in the enjoyment of our relationships and life in general. While anxiety is a fact of life, it doesn't have to dominate your life. I use Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, an evidenced based treatment for anxiety, to help you find new ways of managing anxiety so that you can live the life you want. Tired of finding yourself in dead end relationships? Maybe you've sworn off dating a certain "type" of person, but you seem to repeat the same relationship patterns.
(314) 441-7805 View (314) 441-7805
Photo of Catherine L Benoist, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Catherine L Benoist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
(314) 310-6812 View (314) 310-6812
Photo of Karen Ramos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Karen Ramos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
(314) 370-2379 View (314) 370-2379
Photo of Joy Ciskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Ciskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
(314) 794-5946 View (314) 794-5946
Photo of Matt Shatzman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Matt Shatzman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Therapy is an experience where human beings learn to live differently. Differently is the key word. Different can look like less depression, more spontaneity, or deeper and more mutual relationships. Different can be learning to say "yes," "no," or "maybe." Different can be improved physical health, less anxiety, or sustained sobriety. When one begins treatment there's usually a percolating idea of what needs to be different. Helping you clarify the ways you'd like to live differently, what has gotten in your way up to this point, and how those changes can be made is psychotherapy.
Therapy is an experience where human beings learn to live differently. Differently is the key word. Different can look like less depression, more spontaneity, or deeper and more mutual relationships. Different can be learning to say "yes," "no," or "maybe." Different can be improved physical health, less anxiety, or sustained sobriety. When one begins treatment there's usually a percolating idea of what needs to be different. Helping you clarify the ways you'd like to live differently, what has gotten in your way up to this point, and how those changes can be made is psychotherapy.
(314) 480-3895 View (314) 480-3895
Photo of Mary Benhoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Mary Benhoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Mary is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Lindenwood University with a Masters in Professional Counseling. Mary believes in Client-Centered, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Her main areas of focus include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD. In her spare time, Mary enjoys hiking, cooking, and spending time with loved ones.
Mary is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Lindenwood University with a Masters in Professional Counseling. Mary believes in Client-Centered, Solution-Focused, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Her main areas of focus include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD. In her spare time, Mary enjoys hiking, cooking, and spending time with loved ones.
(314) 274-1793 View (314) 274-1793
Photo of James Vick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
James Vick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Dr. N. James Vick obtained his Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University in 2017, and also holds a Doctor of Education with emphasis in Instructional Learning also from Lindenwood University in 2020. His previous experience includes many years working with the individuals suffering from substance dependence and mental health concerns in St. Louis City out-patient programs. Dr. N. James Vick sees young adults and adults individually as well as couples, families.
Dr. N. James Vick obtained his Master's degree in Professional Counseling from Lindenwood University in 2017, and also holds a Doctor of Education with emphasis in Instructional Learning also from Lindenwood University in 2020. His previous experience includes many years working with the individuals suffering from substance dependence and mental health concerns in St. Louis City out-patient programs. Dr. N. James Vick sees young adults and adults individually as well as couples, families.
(314) 666-6136 View (314) 666-6136
Photo of Caroline Schmidt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Caroline Schmidt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Do you struggle with chronic or treatment-resistant depression or anxiety? Do you have high standards for yourself or others that are sometimes impossible to live up to? When others are having fun and relaxed, is it hard for you to join in? If any of these apply to you, then we might be a great therapeutic match! Trained by the treatment developers at the Radically Open Institute, I specialize in Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, an evidence-based, transdiagnostic therapy for disorders of overcontrol. I love working with people to build a life that’s not only worth living but also worth sharing!
Do you struggle with chronic or treatment-resistant depression or anxiety? Do you have high standards for yourself or others that are sometimes impossible to live up to? When others are having fun and relaxed, is it hard for you to join in? If any of these apply to you, then we might be a great therapeutic match! Trained by the treatment developers at the Radically Open Institute, I specialize in Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, an evidence-based, transdiagnostic therapy for disorders of overcontrol. I love working with people to build a life that’s not only worth living but also worth sharing!
(314) 876-8097 View (314) 876-8097
Photo of Cheyenne Bauman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Cheyenne Bauman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
(314) 403-1998 View (314) 403-1998
Photo of Maureen Mcgowan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Maureen Mcgowan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAC, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Are you hurting? Have you tried everything you can think of to find peace ... answers ... freedom from the pain? I would like to help you. Help give you the knowledge and tools to free you from unhealthy and hurtful communication and relationship patterns. Help you to let go of the painful negative thoughts behind your depression and anxiety. Help you to learn and implement healthy boundaries in your intimate and professional relationships. Professional counseling is so much more than talking ... it is a unique and individualized collaboration between you and the counselor to work together toward your goals for yourself.
Are you hurting? Have you tried everything you can think of to find peace ... answers ... freedom from the pain? I would like to help you. Help give you the knowledge and tools to free you from unhealthy and hurtful communication and relationship patterns. Help you to let go of the painful negative thoughts behind your depression and anxiety. Help you to learn and implement healthy boundaries in your intimate and professional relationships. Professional counseling is so much more than talking ... it is a unique and individualized collaboration between you and the counselor to work together toward your goals for yourself.
(844) 976-2707 View (844) 976-2707
Photo of Art Nissenbaum, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Art Nissenbaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, JD, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and families. My work includes relationship issues including marriage, divorce and co-parenting work. My work also includes helping clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD and substance abuse. I utilize an eclectic approach with an emphasis on rational emotive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to assist and help clients learn to regulate their responses to achieve more favorable life outcomes. We work together to help gain a clearer sense of self and a path to more effective behavior.
I work with individuals, couples and families. My work includes relationship issues including marriage, divorce and co-parenting work. My work also includes helping clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD and substance abuse. I utilize an eclectic approach with an emphasis on rational emotive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to assist and help clients learn to regulate their responses to achieve more favorable life outcomes. We work together to help gain a clearer sense of self and a path to more effective behavior.
(314) 470-9746 x125 View (314) 470-9746 x125
Photo of Female Empowered Progressions LLC, Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Female Empowered Progressions LLC
Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Mental health issues can manifest in unexpected ways. Do you experience unexplained irritability? Hyper-criticism of yourself and others? Mood swings without any clear cause? Feeling overwhelmed to the point of being unable to organize your day? If so, it's worth considering whether you may be struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression. Perhaps you may be experiencing Relationship Trauma. Do you ever find yourself constantly questioning or doubting what you once believed to be true? Did everything seem perfect in the beginning, but now you can barely recognize the person in front of you?
Mental health issues can manifest in unexpected ways. Do you experience unexplained irritability? Hyper-criticism of yourself and others? Mood swings without any clear cause? Feeling overwhelmed to the point of being unable to organize your day? If so, it's worth considering whether you may be struggling with trauma, anxiety, or depression. Perhaps you may be experiencing Relationship Trauma. Do you ever find yourself constantly questioning or doubting what you once believed to be true? Did everything seem perfect in the beginning, but now you can barely recognize the person in front of you?
(314) 626-8837 View (314) 626-8837
Photo of Ronya Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Ronya Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Ronya is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with fifteen years of experience providing therapy services. Ronya was born and raised in St. Louis, MO. She received her bachelor's degree in Social Work from the University of Missouri in 2006. She also received her master's degree in Clinical Social Work from the University of Missouri in 2007. Ronya believes in a therapeutic style that is genuine and honest. She provides an atmosphere in which clients can communicate feelings with an awareness that they are being understood rather than judged.
Ronya is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with fifteen years of experience providing therapy services. Ronya was born and raised in St. Louis, MO. She received her bachelor's degree in Social Work from the University of Missouri in 2006. She also received her master's degree in Clinical Social Work from the University of Missouri in 2007. Ronya believes in a therapeutic style that is genuine and honest. She provides an atmosphere in which clients can communicate feelings with an awareness that they are being understood rather than judged.
(314) 742-9243 View (314) 742-9243
Photo of Diane Venker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Diane Venker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
(314) 375-3994 View (314) 375-3994
Photo of Karen Loaiza, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Karen Loaiza
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in providing quality, informed psychotherapy as well as diagnostic assessment. It is truly amazing how life changing the therapy process can be, and I am committed to working in a genuine and collaborative way in order to help people through their path of recovery. I help people achieve symptom relief but also get to the root source of the problem for lasting positive change and improved life satisfaction.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in providing quality, informed psychotherapy as well as diagnostic assessment. It is truly amazing how life changing the therapy process can be, and I am committed to working in a genuine and collaborative way in order to help people through their path of recovery. I help people achieve symptom relief but also get to the root source of the problem for lasting positive change and improved life satisfaction.
(314) 310-2766 View (314) 310-2766

See more therapy options for Richmond Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

80+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem
59% Grief
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Aetna

How Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
16% Male
5% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.