Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Jennifer Guittard, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Guittard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
It is my belief that fear, sadness, alienation, painful relationships and other causes of deep emotional distress do not need to be permanent. I am compassionate, patient, and take a personalized, flexible, holistic approach to each person. In therapy, we will explore thoughts, feelings, current and past relationships, trauma/s, early life, passions and anything of importance to you in order to help you live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
(415) 943-0550 View (415) 943-0550
Golden Gate Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
At Golden Gate Integral Counseling Center, we believe that quality mental health care is a human right. We are dedicated to providing affordable professional psychotherapy to adults and children, couples, and families living in the SF Bay Area. Our sliding-fee scale is structured to accommodate people of all income levels and life situations. The Center provides a supportive and inclusive environment, and services designed to facilitate healing during times of emotional stress, confusion, and pain. Our therapists' approaches are tailored to each unique client and recognize the desire of individuals to find answers within.
At Golden Gate Integral Counseling Center, we believe that quality mental health care is a human right. We are dedicated to providing affordable professional psychotherapy to adults and children, couples, and families living in the SF Bay Area. Our sliding-fee scale is structured to accommodate people of all income levels and life situations. The Center provides a supportive and inclusive environment, and services designed to facilitate healing during times of emotional stress, confusion, and pain. Our therapists' approaches are tailored to each unique client and recognize the desire of individuals to find answers within.
(415) 965-5960 View (415) 965-5960
Photo of Jessie Armenta, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jessie Armenta
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My job as a therapist is to provide you with a safe place, support you through your life transition, and help you make sense of what needs to change. You are the expert in your life story and you have the strength within you to make changes. I will work to provide you with coping tools for lasting change. I use interventions from various modalities including but not limited to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Strength Based, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
My job as a therapist is to provide you with a safe place, support you through your life transition, and help you make sense of what needs to change. You are the expert in your life story and you have the strength within you to make changes. I will work to provide you with coping tools for lasting change. I use interventions from various modalities including but not limited to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Strength Based, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
(415) 949-3576 View (415) 949-3576
Photo of Danielle Gotwalt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Danielle Gotwalt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
We are wired for connection — with our internal selves, with others, and within broader communities. But oftentimes there are barriers. It can be something we learned when we were small and trying to survive, a message from dominant culture that plagues our sense of self, oppressive systems that can be exhausting to fight, and/or an emotional wound that needs time to heal. Whatever brings you to therapy, your awareness of seeking someone to walk with you on this healing path is a great first step!
We are wired for connection — with our internal selves, with others, and within broader communities. But oftentimes there are barriers. It can be something we learned when we were small and trying to survive, a message from dominant culture that plagues our sense of self, oppressive systems that can be exhausting to fight, and/or an emotional wound that needs time to heal. Whatever brings you to therapy, your awareness of seeking someone to walk with you on this healing path is a great first step!
(415) 888-9509 View (415) 888-9509
Photo of Theresa Carpinito Kira, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Theresa Carpinito Kira
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, body image concerns, relationship issues, life/role transitions, attachment issues, and trauma. I focus on trying to help my clients identify what is important to them and to find ways to live a more rich and meaningful life. I help to uncover what negative beliefs or patterns might be keeping them stuck while helping to shift perspective on their distress and find ways to move forward. I see adults only in my practice.
I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, disordered eating, body image concerns, relationship issues, life/role transitions, attachment issues, and trauma. I focus on trying to help my clients identify what is important to them and to find ways to live a more rich and meaningful life. I help to uncover what negative beliefs or patterns might be keeping them stuck while helping to shift perspective on their distress and find ways to move forward. I see adults only in my practice.
(415) 650-5307 View (415) 650-5307
Photo of Andrew G Law, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrew G Law
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I offer Down to Earth, Jargon Free Counseling. I will meet you with warmth and curiosity, humor and heart, right where you are. I'm here to help as you gather the courage to change what you can and find the grace to accept what you can't. I have spent my entire adult life exploring the different sub-cultures of the Bay Area, so I am quite good at working with men, women, and couples who don't quite fit inside the box. I especially want to hear from you if you've never considered therapy before. Even if I'm not your best fit, I'm happy to help you think through and navigate your options. Get in touch via my website!
I offer Down to Earth, Jargon Free Counseling. I will meet you with warmth and curiosity, humor and heart, right where you are. I'm here to help as you gather the courage to change what you can and find the grace to accept what you can't. I have spent my entire adult life exploring the different sub-cultures of the Bay Area, so I am quite good at working with men, women, and couples who don't quite fit inside the box. I especially want to hear from you if you've never considered therapy before. Even if I'm not your best fit, I'm happy to help you think through and navigate your options. Get in touch via my website!
(510) 491-0709 View (510) 491-0709
Photo of James O'Dowd, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
James O'Dowd
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
We all get stuck at some point in our lives. Sometimes we compensate by reverting to older, familiar patterns of coping, that may have been effective in the past, but don't quite address the complexity of the problems you face today.
We all get stuck at some point in our lives. Sometimes we compensate by reverting to older, familiar patterns of coping, that may have been effective in the past, but don't quite address the complexity of the problems you face today.
(415) 237-2119 View (415) 237-2119
Photo of Jorge Leal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jorge Leal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Hello, I'm Jorge Leal! I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker who is passionate about supporting all of my clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship issues to improve resilience and develop meaningful relationships. My psychotherapy approach is evidence-based, with a primary focus on improving resilience and developing meaningful relationships. I work with adults of all ages from diverse social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Typically, my clients struggle with negative thought patterns, interpersonal relationships, intense emotions, and difficulties coping with life stresses.
Hello, I'm Jorge Leal! I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker who is passionate about supporting all of my clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship issues to improve resilience and develop meaningful relationships. My psychotherapy approach is evidence-based, with a primary focus on improving resilience and developing meaningful relationships. I work with adults of all ages from diverse social, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Typically, my clients struggle with negative thought patterns, interpersonal relationships, intense emotions, and difficulties coping with life stresses.
(415) 712-0991 View (415) 712-0991
Photo of David Ralph Beuerman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Ralph Beuerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you looking to make a change in your life? Maybe there is a significant relationship that is not what you wish it was. Maybe you are struggling to make a career change or a big decision at work. Perhaps you are considering relocating to another area. Are you trying to quit smoking, grappling with weight loss, wanting to start an exercise or meditation routine? Or maybe you want to adjust how you react to certain stressors or situations that inevitably crop up in life. My practice “Time for Change” is here for you.
Are you looking to make a change in your life? Maybe there is a significant relationship that is not what you wish it was. Maybe you are struggling to make a career change or a big decision at work. Perhaps you are considering relocating to another area. Are you trying to quit smoking, grappling with weight loss, wanting to start an exercise or meditation routine? Or maybe you want to adjust how you react to certain stressors or situations that inevitably crop up in life. My practice “Time for Change” is here for you.
(415) 463-3982 View (415) 463-3982
Photo of Caitlin Bruffey, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Caitlin Bruffey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a racing mind that doesn't seem to stop? Have you found yourself feeling irritated, discouraged, angry, or sad, yet have no idea why? Are you struggling in a relationship with a family member, friend, or romantic partner & feel stuck? Perhaps you’ve been told you’re “too sensitive,” or “too much,” or that you just “need to get over it by now.” It could be that you feel lonely or disconnected, & have no idea how to cultivate more meaningful relationships in life. Or maybe you ended a chapter of your life, & feel confused about what's next.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a racing mind that doesn't seem to stop? Have you found yourself feeling irritated, discouraged, angry, or sad, yet have no idea why? Are you struggling in a relationship with a family member, friend, or romantic partner & feel stuck? Perhaps you’ve been told you’re “too sensitive,” or “too much,” or that you just “need to get over it by now.” It could be that you feel lonely or disconnected, & have no idea how to cultivate more meaningful relationships in life. Or maybe you ended a chapter of your life, & feel confused about what's next.
(657) 238-1062 View (657) 238-1062
Photo of Jose Luna, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Jose Luna
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach mainly focuses on helping my clients identify their strengths to help alleviate anxiety, depression, and trauma. I am a firm believer that our childhood experiences contribute to our beliefs, behavioral patterns, and selecting a romantic partner. Therapy is a process! To allow ourselves to be intimate and vulnerable with someone about our experiences and trauma can be daunting. As a therapist, it is my goal to help validate, create a safe environment and help understand aspects of lived experiences.
My therapeutic approach mainly focuses on helping my clients identify their strengths to help alleviate anxiety, depression, and trauma. I am a firm believer that our childhood experiences contribute to our beliefs, behavioral patterns, and selecting a romantic partner. Therapy is a process! To allow ourselves to be intimate and vulnerable with someone about our experiences and trauma can be daunting. As a therapist, it is my goal to help validate, create a safe environment and help understand aspects of lived experiences.
(415) 980-7064 View (415) 980-7064
Photo of Lizette Aguirre, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lizette Aguirre
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116  (Online Only)
Dr. Aguirre is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in trauma and stress-related disorders, anxiety and major depression, life transitions, grief and loss, identity development and multiculturalism. She draws from a variety of evidence-based psychotherapies, including behavioral therapies like CBT and CPT, third-wave psychotherapies like DBT and ACT, and more structured therapies like EMDR, and Prolonged Exposure in order to find the right fit for each client. Her approach is values-affirming, collaborative, empathic, and culturally inclusive.
Dr. Aguirre is a licensed clinical psychologist with specialties in trauma and stress-related disorders, anxiety and major depression, life transitions, grief and loss, identity development and multiculturalism. She draws from a variety of evidence-based psychotherapies, including behavioral therapies like CBT and CPT, third-wave psychotherapies like DBT and ACT, and more structured therapies like EMDR, and Prolonged Exposure in order to find the right fit for each client. Her approach is values-affirming, collaborative, empathic, and culturally inclusive.
(415) 636-6544 View (415) 636-6544
Photo of Scott Christenson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Scott Christenson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, JD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
Are you in the middle of a life transition such as a loss, career change, relationship breakup, or spiritual crisis? Are you noticing that you lack motivation? Are you afraid of feelings that seem to appear out of nowhere? I offer a safe, compassionate space to explore all of these questions and to support you in your difficult times. We will also explore ways to be resilient in the face of your struggles.
Are you in the middle of a life transition such as a loss, career change, relationship breakup, or spiritual crisis? Are you noticing that you lack motivation? Are you afraid of feelings that seem to appear out of nowhere? I offer a safe, compassionate space to explore all of these questions and to support you in your difficult times. We will also explore ways to be resilient in the face of your struggles.
(415) 980-1384 View (415) 980-1384
Photo of Bay Area Oppositional and Conduct Clinic, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Bay Area Oppositional and Conduct Clinic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
he Bay Area Oppositional and Conduct Clinic empowers parents and caretakers to help their children become better behaved, happier at home, and more successful in school. We specialize in children and adolescents who, despite being in loving circumstances, do not respond to regular discipline and rules. As professionals, we are intensely aware of how stressful oppositional and conduct problems are for families. Our clinicians tailor the therapy to work at a comfortable pace and practice with a sensitivity to the other demands in life.
he Bay Area Oppositional and Conduct Clinic empowers parents and caretakers to help their children become better behaved, happier at home, and more successful in school. We specialize in children and adolescents who, despite being in loving circumstances, do not respond to regular discipline and rules. As professionals, we are intensely aware of how stressful oppositional and conduct problems are for families. Our clinicians tailor the therapy to work at a comfortable pace and practice with a sensitivity to the other demands in life.
(415) 594-4914 View (415) 594-4914
Photo of Farhad Ghodsi MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Farhad Ghodsi MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing some roadblocks that are preventing you from getting where you want to be in life whether it be in your work, school, or relationships with others? When you’re feeling overwhelmed therapy can make the difference between feeling stuck and moving forward. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist located in San Francisco, specializing in psychotherapy for adult individuals. I’ve had the privilege of working within various multidisciplinary teams providing psychotherapy for over a decade.
Are you experiencing some roadblocks that are preventing you from getting where you want to be in life whether it be in your work, school, or relationships with others? When you’re feeling overwhelmed therapy can make the difference between feeling stuck and moving forward. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist located in San Francisco, specializing in psychotherapy for adult individuals. I’ve had the privilege of working within various multidisciplinary teams providing psychotherapy for over a decade.
(415) 996-1861 View (415) 996-1861
Photo of German Cheung, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
German Cheung
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Everyone is unique. Your thoughts, feelings and needs are shaped by your own background, family history, past interpersonal encounters and other significant events, including early child trauma. Psychotherapy is an emotional process. As we discuss your concerns, it will surface unexamined parts of your life of which you may not be aware or want to experience. My central role as your therapist is to help you talk about and understand more fully these unexamined thoughts, feelings, and needs in the context of your past, develop greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, and to bring changes to your current situation.
Everyone is unique. Your thoughts, feelings and needs are shaped by your own background, family history, past interpersonal encounters and other significant events, including early child trauma. Psychotherapy is an emotional process. As we discuss your concerns, it will surface unexamined parts of your life of which you may not be aware or want to experience. My central role as your therapist is to help you talk about and understand more fully these unexamined thoughts, feelings, and needs in the context of your past, develop greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance, and to bring changes to your current situation.
(415) 649-1916 View (415) 649-1916
Photo of Michelle Vo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Michelle Vo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
If you've stumbled upon my page, you're likely seeking emotional support and helpful skills to navigate life's challenges. Perhaps you've been feeling stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, or disconnected to your work, relationships, or even yourself. This can be very painful to navigate alone. In therapy with me, you can work through negative thinking patterns or habits, common stressors, and allow room for acceptance of things you cannot control. In therapy, you can gain new skills as we talk through your lived experience. Your story is unique, so we will work together to navigate treatment goals that can improve your quality of life.
If you've stumbled upon my page, you're likely seeking emotional support and helpful skills to navigate life's challenges. Perhaps you've been feeling stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, or disconnected to your work, relationships, or even yourself. This can be very painful to navigate alone. In therapy with me, you can work through negative thinking patterns or habits, common stressors, and allow room for acceptance of things you cannot control. In therapy, you can gain new skills as we talk through your lived experience. Your story is unique, so we will work together to navigate treatment goals that can improve your quality of life.
(415) 612-3540 View (415) 612-3540
Photo of Valarie Eilert, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Valarie Eilert
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Tired of not living fully. Learn tools to be more engaged and present with your life and the people in it. One such tool is mindfulness. Mindfulness is a way of directing your attention away from habitual thoughts(lists, judgements, negative self talk)and toward experiencing the present(where your life is actually being lived). I believe in the power of this work. Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, difficult relationships and addictions can be products of molding to others' ideas of who you "should" be. I will work with you to uncover who you want to be.
Tired of not living fully. Learn tools to be more engaged and present with your life and the people in it. One such tool is mindfulness. Mindfulness is a way of directing your attention away from habitual thoughts(lists, judgements, negative self talk)and toward experiencing the present(where your life is actually being lived). I believe in the power of this work. Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, difficult relationships and addictions can be products of molding to others' ideas of who you "should" be. I will work with you to uncover who you want to be.
(415) 800-1511 View (415) 800-1511
Photo of Paul Beirne, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Paul Beirne
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
“Being able to feel safe with other people is probably the single most important aspect of mental health; safe connections are fundamental to meaningful and satisfying lives.” ― Bessel A. van der Kolk. My approach to treatment helps people identify the core issues that have been avoided and pushed aside in an emotionally safe environment. Through the process of consciousness raising and self exploration, lasting changes in thought patterns are made, and overall life improvement occurs. I work with people of all ages and have a wealth of experience working with teens and young adults.
“Being able to feel safe with other people is probably the single most important aspect of mental health; safe connections are fundamental to meaningful and satisfying lives.” ― Bessel A. van der Kolk. My approach to treatment helps people identify the core issues that have been avoided and pushed aside in an emotionally safe environment. Through the process of consciousness raising and self exploration, lasting changes in thought patterns are made, and overall life improvement occurs. I work with people of all ages and have a wealth of experience working with teens and young adults.
(415) 358-2498 View (415) 358-2498
Photo of Christina Sanchez, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Christina Sanchez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Choosing a psychotherapist can feel daunting. People often enter therapy during times of vulnerability. At a time when you are potentially feeling overwhelmed with stress, anxiety, anger, sadness, or depression it can be challenging to trust a stranger with all these feelings and intimate details about your life. I view my role as a therapist as being able to fully understand your experience and to use that understanding to help you think through situations that have become increasingly challenging. I believe in creating a safe space for my clients, and working collaboratively in order to help you regain a sense of strength, confidence, and control.
Choosing a psychotherapist can feel daunting. People often enter therapy during times of vulnerability. At a time when you are potentially feeling overwhelmed with stress, anxiety, anger, sadness, or depression it can be challenging to trust a stranger with all these feelings and intimate details about your life. I view my role as a therapist as being able to fully understand your experience and to use that understanding to help you think through situations that have become increasingly challenging. I believe in creating a safe space for my clients, and working collaboratively in order to help you regain a sense of strength, confidence, and control.
(415) 599-7577 View (415) 599-7577

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.