Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Larisa Southerland, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Larisa Southerland
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT145725) at Relationship Wisdom. Supervised by Brad Byrum, LMFT118448. Navigating relationships can be tricky, to say the least. I believe the most important element of any relationship is communication. Breakdowns in communication are common and may go undetected for months, or even years. Becoming aware of how we communicate and adjusting appropriately can make all the difference in our interactions moving forward. My goal is to help you and your partner become effective communicators. My therapeutic style is down to Earth and compassionately curious.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT145725) at Relationship Wisdom. Supervised by Brad Byrum, LMFT118448. Navigating relationships can be tricky, to say the least. I believe the most important element of any relationship is communication. Breakdowns in communication are common and may go undetected for months, or even years. Becoming aware of how we communicate and adjusting appropriately can make all the difference in our interactions moving forward. My goal is to help you and your partner become effective communicators. My therapeutic style is down to Earth and compassionately curious.
(323) 894-0768 View (323) 894-0768
Photo of Jacqueline Lumer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jacqueline Lumer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
We all face challenges in our lives that can benefit from the guidance of therapy. These times can be an opportunity to expand our thinking and heal our past. I welcome you to begin a better way to connect with yourself and interact in the world.
We all face challenges in our lives that can benefit from the guidance of therapy. These times can be an opportunity to expand our thinking and heal our past. I welcome you to begin a better way to connect with yourself and interact in the world.
(415) 508-5018 View (415) 508-5018
Photo of Annu Sood, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Annu Sood
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Annu, and I am a therapist in San Francisco (and online). I work with immigrants and adult-children of immigrants....also known as Third Culture Kids (TCK) or First Generation Americans. I work with multi-cultural and multi-racial couples, many of whom are people of color. I work with successful, career-driven achievers. I belong to each of these demographics - my parents immigrated to the US in 1971, and I worked in the corporate world for nearly 2 decades, climbing the corporate ladder rapidly before pivoting my career by going back to school to study counseling psychology. I work virtually via Zoom or phone.
Hello! My name is Annu, and I am a therapist in San Francisco (and online). I work with immigrants and adult-children of immigrants....also known as Third Culture Kids (TCK) or First Generation Americans. I work with multi-cultural and multi-racial couples, many of whom are people of color. I work with successful, career-driven achievers. I belong to each of these demographics - my parents immigrated to the US in 1971, and I worked in the corporate world for nearly 2 decades, climbing the corporate ladder rapidly before pivoting my career by going back to school to study counseling psychology. I work virtually via Zoom or phone.
(415) 942-8008 View (415) 942-8008
Photo of Rose Gupta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rose Gupta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Many people, perhaps like yourself, find relationship issues with family, spouses, work colleagues very challenging and often these relationships evoke anxiety, anger and fear. Some people have had very difficult upbringings, and while they appear to cope, they are often emotionally surviving rather than thriving. This is a valid reason to seek therapeutic attention.
Many people, perhaps like yourself, find relationship issues with family, spouses, work colleagues very challenging and often these relationships evoke anxiety, anger and fear. Some people have had very difficult upbringings, and while they appear to cope, they are often emotionally surviving rather than thriving. This is a valid reason to seek therapeutic attention.
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Photo of Susanne Babbel, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Susanne Babbel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Are you tired of repeating old patterns that are holding you back in your life? Making the decision to heal, grow, and improve your life with the help of a psychotherapist is not easy and requires trust and faith. Dr. Babbel is a non-judgmental, supportive, insightful, and experienced psychotherapist, providing a safe place for you to explore old habits and new possibilities.
Are you tired of repeating old patterns that are holding you back in your life? Making the decision to heal, grow, and improve your life with the help of a psychotherapist is not easy and requires trust and faith. Dr. Babbel is a non-judgmental, supportive, insightful, and experienced psychotherapist, providing a safe place for you to explore old habits and new possibilities.
(415) 675-1603 View (415) 675-1603
Photo of Victoria Zurkan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Victoria Zurkan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
I've been licensed since 2006. Much like a process of sharing, therapist and client together learn to pay close attention to aspects of yourself that you may be unable to touch on your own. I look for patterns in either behavior or thoughts. Also, while examining past family dynamics and reaching unconscious behavior, I link that information to how it affects our current lives. My background includes extensive addiction work in inpatient, outpatient and detox units. Currently I am doing telemedicine with couples, individuals and I run CBT and DBT addiction groups.
I've been licensed since 2006. Much like a process of sharing, therapist and client together learn to pay close attention to aspects of yourself that you may be unable to touch on your own. I look for patterns in either behavior or thoughts. Also, while examining past family dynamics and reaching unconscious behavior, I link that information to how it affects our current lives. My background includes extensive addiction work in inpatient, outpatient and detox units. Currently I am doing telemedicine with couples, individuals and I run CBT and DBT addiction groups.
(628) 214-2234 View (628) 214-2234
Photo of Zoe Becker, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Zoe Becker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Not accepting new clients
We all need special attention at times in our lives. Working on emotional problems by yourself can be hard, even when you have support in your life. If you are feeling lost, overwhelmed or are searching for self-understanding, therapy is an excellent choice. Just as finding the deeper meaning in suffering may be important, sometimes simply solving day to day practical issues is as well. Either way, the value of inner work far exceeds what we can imagine.
We all need special attention at times in our lives. Working on emotional problems by yourself can be hard, even when you have support in your life. If you are feeling lost, overwhelmed or are searching for self-understanding, therapy is an excellent choice. Just as finding the deeper meaning in suffering may be important, sometimes simply solving day to day practical issues is as well. Either way, the value of inner work far exceeds what we can imagine.
(415) 799-3470 View (415) 799-3470
Photo of Catherine Singstad, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Catherine Singstad, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
Most of my clients come in struggling with their closest relationships - with their partners, parents, kids, colleagues and/or friends. There is often a deep longing for more joy, authenticity, and freedom from painful symptoms like anxiety and depression. I help clients learn to understand and thoughtfully navigate their emotional world, as we work to unpack and rewire recurring symptoms and habits. Issues I commonly work with include unhealthy relationships, work/life balance, healing unresolved childhood wounds, couples issues, anxiety, depression, parenthood, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction, infertility, loss, and grief.
(415) 906-4220 View (415) 906-4220
Photo of Leslie R Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leslie R Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Perhaps you are seeking a path of self-exploration or struggling with anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. You may need some additional time to talk and make some sense out the barriers to your personal goals. Or you may desire to learn practical skills to cope with your pain. Every person is unique, which means that our time together would be tailored to your particular needs based on cultural background, family dynamics and personal values. Either way, I will be present with you and assist you as you journey toward a meaningful life.
Perhaps you are seeking a path of self-exploration or struggling with anxiety, depression or low self-esteem. You may need some additional time to talk and make some sense out the barriers to your personal goals. Or you may desire to learn practical skills to cope with your pain. Every person is unique, which means that our time together would be tailored to your particular needs based on cultural background, family dynamics and personal values. Either way, I will be present with you and assist you as you journey toward a meaningful life.
(415) 366-0587 View (415) 366-0587
Photo of Troy Wood, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Troy Wood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you a gay, bi or queer man struggling with a major life transition, anxiety, depression relationship issues, or feel isolated and disconnected from our community? If so, I can help. As a gay therapist, I understand our experiences are as diverse as everyone else's, and at the same time, there are aspects of our lives and community that our unique to us. During our work together, I will help you gain deeper insight into your problems, develop the skills necessary to change unhelpful patterns, improve your ability to cope with challenging situations and emotions and ultimately achieve the happiness and fulfillment you want.
Are you a gay, bi or queer man struggling with a major life transition, anxiety, depression relationship issues, or feel isolated and disconnected from our community? If so, I can help. As a gay therapist, I understand our experiences are as diverse as everyone else's, and at the same time, there are aspects of our lives and community that our unique to us. During our work together, I will help you gain deeper insight into your problems, develop the skills necessary to change unhelpful patterns, improve your ability to cope with challenging situations and emotions and ultimately achieve the happiness and fulfillment you want.
(415) 985-7476 View (415) 985-7476
Photo of Toni Lynette Eby, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Toni Lynette Eby
Associate Clinical Social Worker
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Maybe you need support around a traumatic event in your life, are struggling with anxiety or depression, need support around substance use, at a turning point in your relationship, or just need insight into some changes you want to make. If you are thinking about beginning therapy, whatever the reason you came, congratulations on taking the first step in a new journey.
Maybe you need support around a traumatic event in your life, are struggling with anxiety or depression, need support around substance use, at a turning point in your relationship, or just need insight into some changes you want to make. If you are thinking about beginning therapy, whatever the reason you came, congratulations on taking the first step in a new journey.
(415) 301-6834 View (415) 301-6834
Photo of Rose Markotic, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rose Markotic
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My counseling style is warm, empathetic, and collaborative. Together we will examine the areas you'd like to focus on in therapy and establish goals. I will ask for your active participation and introduce tools to help you reduce symptoms, build more positive thinking, and establish lifelong skills. I use a TEAM-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction methods into my practice.
My counseling style is warm, empathetic, and collaborative. Together we will examine the areas you'd like to focus on in therapy and establish goals. I will ask for your active participation and introduce tools to help you reduce symptoms, build more positive thinking, and establish lifelong skills. I use a TEAM-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and integrate Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction methods into my practice.
(415) 727-8107 View (415) 727-8107
Photo of Chandra Birenbaum, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Chandra Birenbaum
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
With over 25 years of working with adolescents and adults, my therapy style is authentic, empowering, strength based, compassionate, creative and fun. I am particularly skilled in working with trauma, managing strong emotions, and living with ADHD, Autism or Learning Disabilities. I enjoy supporting those looking for more purpose, self understanding, direction, peace, creativity or perspective. I have a great deal of experience working in multicultural and LGBTQ+ supportive contexts. I feel especially inspired by working with young adults because finding one’s own way in life is hard, exciting and full of possibilities.
With over 25 years of working with adolescents and adults, my therapy style is authentic, empowering, strength based, compassionate, creative and fun. I am particularly skilled in working with trauma, managing strong emotions, and living with ADHD, Autism or Learning Disabilities. I enjoy supporting those looking for more purpose, self understanding, direction, peace, creativity or perspective. I have a great deal of experience working in multicultural and LGBTQ+ supportive contexts. I feel especially inspired by working with young adults because finding one’s own way in life is hard, exciting and full of possibilities.
(510) 319-9210 View (510) 319-9210
Photo of McCandless Petty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
McCandless Petty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94107
I became a therapist because I love people and their stories. I appreciate the complexity of people, the therapeutic process, and the reality that multiple truths of the human experience don’t often fit together neatly. Part of my work as a therapist helps people dig down to their truths so they can better hold themselves and communicate honestly with others. In my practice, I have seen therapy facilitate deep personal growth and expansion. As we know and expand ourselves, we can all better hold complexity and bring more health and balance into our lives.
I became a therapist because I love people and their stories. I appreciate the complexity of people, the therapeutic process, and the reality that multiple truths of the human experience don’t often fit together neatly. Part of my work as a therapist helps people dig down to their truths so they can better hold themselves and communicate honestly with others. In my practice, I have seen therapy facilitate deep personal growth and expansion. As we know and expand ourselves, we can all better hold complexity and bring more health and balance into our lives.
(628) 277-5796 View (628) 277-5796
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 727-4453 View (415) 727-4453
Photo of Brenda Renee Cordova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brenda Renee Cordova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
When distressing circumstances occur, they scramble the experiences and relationships we’ve worked hard for. I offer support to people in difficult and challenging life circumstances. Organizing those experiences, making sense of them, and the relationships surrounding them, whether it be relationships with others, or the relationship we have with ourselves. This work helps us better prepare for, and make healthier and more meaningful choices in life. Traumatic experiences further impact our relationship with others, ourselves and our life goals. I offer EMDR in order to reprocess traumatic events that may be impacting your life.
(628) 203-1333 View (628) 203-1333
Photo of Lisa Case, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lisa Case
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping individuals who experience chronic stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and interpersonal/ inter-familial conflicts. My aim is to support you in a safe and non-judgmental container, where we can explore the roots of your issues, as well as provide you skills which can help to alleviate any symptoms/ conflicts you may have. I believe that you are the expert of your story and hold a space that is of compassion and unconditional positive regard. I also offer online ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, when indicated for various diagnoses that may have been treatment-resistant with traditional forms of talk therapy.
I specialize in helping individuals who experience chronic stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, and interpersonal/ inter-familial conflicts. My aim is to support you in a safe and non-judgmental container, where we can explore the roots of your issues, as well as provide you skills which can help to alleviate any symptoms/ conflicts you may have. I believe that you are the expert of your story and hold a space that is of compassion and unconditional positive regard. I also offer online ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, when indicated for various diagnoses that may have been treatment-resistant with traditional forms of talk therapy.
(510) 949-5329 View (510) 949-5329
Photo of Taylor Eva Simon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Taylor Eva Simon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
First and foremost, I want to acknowledge that beginning your journey may be a terrifying prospect. But if you’re willing to mine the dark places within for the inherent wisdom you hold, you can step into who you really are. You can shed who you’ve been told you are by people in your life who don’t really see you. Healing the effects of trauma and returning to wholeness is a process of discovering your authentic spirit and realizing your full potential.
First and foremost, I want to acknowledge that beginning your journey may be a terrifying prospect. But if you’re willing to mine the dark places within for the inherent wisdom you hold, you can step into who you really are. You can shed who you’ve been told you are by people in your life who don’t really see you. Healing the effects of trauma and returning to wholeness is a process of discovering your authentic spirit and realizing your full potential.
(415) 938-5543 View (415) 938-5543
Photo of Gatewood Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gatewood Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
People partner with Gatewood Therapy when they are looking to deepen their connections and navigate the complexities of their relationships. They may be struggling with feelings of disconnection or experiencing communication challenges in their partnership. Their goal is to foster a more secure, understanding, and intimate bond with their significant other. They seek therapy as a safe space to explore emotions, learn effective communication skills, and create lasting positive changes in their relationships. They want to feel heard, validated, and empowered to build the fulfilling relationship they envision.
People partner with Gatewood Therapy when they are looking to deepen their connections and navigate the complexities of their relationships. They may be struggling with feelings of disconnection or experiencing communication challenges in their partnership. Their goal is to foster a more secure, understanding, and intimate bond with their significant other. They seek therapy as a safe space to explore emotions, learn effective communication skills, and create lasting positive changes in their relationships. They want to feel heard, validated, and empowered to build the fulfilling relationship they envision.
(415) 843-4243 View (415) 843-4243
Photo of Bay Area Center For Anxiety, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Bay Area Center For Anxiety
Psychologist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
Anxiety is the most common mental health problem, with an estimated 18% suffering from anxiety disorders at any one time. Fortunately, anxiety disorders are one of the most researched areas of mental health and have numerous treatments with strong research showing its effectiveness. Anxiety can come in many different forms from specific phobias to an inability to stop worrying about most everything. Anxiety can cause physical illness, pain, difficulty sleeping, weight gain, distress in relationships with partners, children, or parents, and can have a profoundly negative effect on work and school.
(415) 594-4145 View (415) 594-4145

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.