Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Deborah B Edgar Ph.D., Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Deborah B Edgar Ph.D.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
With over 20 years of experience, I work best with 3 types of people:
With over 20 years of experience, I work best with 3 types of people:
(626) 275-4515 View (626) 275-4515
Photo of Shelli Carter, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Pasadena, CA
Shelli Carter
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
My approach to counseling is patient-centered and holistic. I want to understand your perspective and experience, so we can establish meaningful goals for our time together. I have years of experience as a nurse, as well as a counselor, which allows me to better view the whole person and the ways physical and mental health intersect. My go-to treatment modalities are evidenced-based and a bit eclectic as each client is unique and one size does not fit all.
My approach to counseling is patient-centered and holistic. I want to understand your perspective and experience, so we can establish meaningful goals for our time together. I have years of experience as a nurse, as well as a counselor, which allows me to better view the whole person and the ways physical and mental health intersect. My go-to treatment modalities are evidenced-based and a bit eclectic as each client is unique and one size does not fit all.
(510) 318-3288 View (510) 318-3288
Photo of Tsoline Kouyoumjian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Tsoline Kouyoumjian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I see couples all the time who love each other desperately but just can’t seem to make it work. Some couples put it this way: “It’s like we keep having the same fight over and over again and nothing ever gets resolved. We just have a big fight, followed by silence, and then we just go back to our daily lives without ever working through the issues until the next fight happens. I don’t know what’s happening or why it’s happening but it’s just awful.”
I see couples all the time who love each other desperately but just can’t seem to make it work. Some couples put it this way: “It’s like we keep having the same fight over and over again and nothing ever gets resolved. We just have a big fight, followed by silence, and then we just go back to our daily lives without ever working through the issues until the next fight happens. I don’t know what’s happening or why it’s happening but it’s just awful.”
(626) 788-5871 View (626) 788-5871
Photo of Amaya Counseling, EMDR Therapist , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Amaya Counseling, EMDR Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm so glad that you have taken on this journey of growth and healing. My name is Blanca Amaya, and I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternatives practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals. I am excited and honored that you would allow me to accompany you through your healing journey.
Hello, I'm so glad that you have taken on this journey of growth and healing. My name is Blanca Amaya, and I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternatives practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals. I am excited and honored that you would allow me to accompany you through your healing journey.
(323) 784-3110 View (323) 784-3110
Photo of Roberto J Olivo Marriage and Family Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Roberto J Olivo Marriage and Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Intimate relationships could be difficult to maintain and understand. Sometimes we are left confused and hurt by the behaviors and words of others. Our responses to these unfortunate behaviors might create a negative reaction which could worsen the feelings of despair. Having a personal psychotherapist with whom to explore some of these problems could be very rewarding and healing. Finding assertive ways to express our emotions using a win/win approach might assist in the healing of those injuries. Anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict could be minimized or eliminated with the appropriate interventions.
Intimate relationships could be difficult to maintain and understand. Sometimes we are left confused and hurt by the behaviors and words of others. Our responses to these unfortunate behaviors might create a negative reaction which could worsen the feelings of despair. Having a personal psychotherapist with whom to explore some of these problems could be very rewarding and healing. Finding assertive ways to express our emotions using a win/win approach might assist in the healing of those injuries. Anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict could be minimized or eliminated with the appropriate interventions.
(626) 604-9123 View (626) 604-9123
Photo of Holly Pelz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Holly Pelz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
When I think about what brings you here, I imagine there's something in your life causing you pain or overwhelm. I have found, both personally and professionally, that often when we're experiencing big emotions, we're sitting with them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help, and it's an honor and privilege for me to come alongside you as you seek to feel and heal.
When I think about what brings you here, I imagine there's something in your life causing you pain or overwhelm. I have found, both personally and professionally, that often when we're experiencing big emotions, we're sitting with them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help, and it's an honor and privilege for me to come alongside you as you seek to feel and heal.
(626) 714-2818 View (626) 714-2818
Photo of Ruth Fong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Ruth Fong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
I am passionate about helping women to truly thrive and find meaning in life. Being a woman is hard and often comes with many expectations. There’s pressure to have a successful career and healthy relationships, to be a good mom, to look put together, to be physically/emotionally healthy... Many of the women I work with find themselves feeling stressed and overwhelmed to the point that their physical and mental health may suffer. Maybe this sounds like you. You want to look inward, find healing and regain a sense of control. You want to develop tools to manage your mental load and move out of survival mode. You want to hope again.
(626) 784-4486 View (626) 784-4486
Photo of Weili Lin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Weili Lin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
You're tired of the emotional barriers that keep you from enjoying your relationships, work, and social activities. Sometimes you wonder why you reacted so intensely to someone or something and you wish you could control your reaction. You're not afraid of digging deep and facing your feelings, but you just don't know how.
You're tired of the emotional barriers that keep you from enjoying your relationships, work, and social activities. Sometimes you wonder why you reacted so intensely to someone or something and you wish you could control your reaction. You're not afraid of digging deep and facing your feelings, but you just don't know how.
(626) 341-0900 View (626) 341-0900
Photo of Alison Hild, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Alison Hild
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Alison specializes in working with children, adolescents, teens and adults. She provides EMDR or Brainspotting and is passionate about helping children and adults overcome emotional difficulties while building healthy coping skills. She provides a safe, nurturing space for her clients to talk about their feelings and learn practical calming tools. She works closely with her young clients' parents, guiding them every step of the way. Alison also loves to work with premarital and marital couples, help adults going through breakups and/or those who have experienced narcissistic abuse.
Alison specializes in working with children, adolescents, teens and adults. She provides EMDR or Brainspotting and is passionate about helping children and adults overcome emotional difficulties while building healthy coping skills. She provides a safe, nurturing space for her clients to talk about their feelings and learn practical calming tools. She works closely with her young clients' parents, guiding them every step of the way. Alison also loves to work with premarital and marital couples, help adults going through breakups and/or those who have experienced narcissistic abuse.
(310) 455-8145 View (310) 455-8145
Photo of Jazmine Ortiz Ulibarri, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jazmine Ortiz Ulibarri
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
I have always been inquisitive by nature, and in particular, fascinated by the study of human behavior. Why do we do the things we do? What influences our thoughts and behaviors on both individualistic and collective levels? For me, being a therapist is like putting together the pieces of a puzzle, understanding how the pieces fit together and why. As a psychotherapist, I am of the belief that a strong therapeutic alliance, the human connection between therapist and client, and the sanctity of the space it creates, are integral to facilitating healing and growth throughout the therapeutic process.
I have always been inquisitive by nature, and in particular, fascinated by the study of human behavior. Why do we do the things we do? What influences our thoughts and behaviors on both individualistic and collective levels? For me, being a therapist is like putting together the pieces of a puzzle, understanding how the pieces fit together and why. As a psychotherapist, I am of the belief that a strong therapeutic alliance, the human connection between therapist and client, and the sanctity of the space it creates, are integral to facilitating healing and growth throughout the therapeutic process.
(626) 714-2604 View (626) 714-2604
Photo of Jessica Pacheco, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jessica Pacheco
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
You may feel broken, different, and struggle to make all the "pieces" fit together. Perhaps that is further complicated because you are a survivor of trauma, or struggling with immense grief, and find it difficult to maintain healthy relationships or feel balanced. We cannot go back in time, but we have this sacred moment, and I want to help you grasp it and make it genuine. I want to help you find choice, autonomy and radical compassion in who you are. If you are partnered, I want to help you develop skills to nourish growth in your partnership(s)
You may feel broken, different, and struggle to make all the "pieces" fit together. Perhaps that is further complicated because you are a survivor of trauma, or struggling with immense grief, and find it difficult to maintain healthy relationships or feel balanced. We cannot go back in time, but we have this sacred moment, and I want to help you grasp it and make it genuine. I want to help you find choice, autonomy and radical compassion in who you are. If you are partnered, I want to help you develop skills to nourish growth in your partnership(s)
(626) 714-2980 View (626) 714-2980
Photo of Kim Owens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Kim Owens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Kim Owens is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2010. She has Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Kim believes in a treatment philosophy that is strength-based and client-centered. She strives to provide a nurturing, supportive, environment and meet the client where they are, identifying and using their personal strengths to improve other areas that they are working on together.
Kim Owens is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who started practicing in 2010. She has Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. Kim believes in a treatment philosophy that is strength-based and client-centered. She strives to provide a nurturing, supportive, environment and meet the client where they are, identifying and using their personal strengths to improve other areas that they are working on together.
(323) 987-6594 View (323) 987-6594
Photo of Katherine Flores, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Katherine Flores
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Pain hurts and is often what brings us into therapy. Buried in the hurt is a small seed of a hope for change. As your therapist, I see you as a whole and complex person and not just your "problems." As safety and trust are created between us, therapy and the therapeutic relationship can be a vehicle for change and healing. The unique relationship we'll build will provide new ways of being and relating out in the world and within you.
Pain hurts and is often what brings us into therapy. Buried in the hurt is a small seed of a hope for change. As your therapist, I see you as a whole and complex person and not just your "problems." As safety and trust are created between us, therapy and the therapeutic relationship can be a vehicle for change and healing. The unique relationship we'll build will provide new ways of being and relating out in the world and within you.
(626) 722-5426 View (626) 722-5426
Photo of Craig Lorenz Gerlach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Craig Lorenz Gerlach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91106
I've been in practice over thirty years, dividing my time between my private office ( where i've mostly seen adults) and CHLA Mental Health Clinic where I specialized in adolescents and where I served as one of the training directors for many years. For the last five years, I've devoted my time exclusively to my private practice where I use a range of treatment models ( individual/conjoint/family) and enjoy working with a diverse clientele in terms of presenting problems, age, gender and sexual orientation.
I've been in practice over thirty years, dividing my time between my private office ( where i've mostly seen adults) and CHLA Mental Health Clinic where I specialized in adolescents and where I served as one of the training directors for many years. For the last five years, I've devoted my time exclusively to my private practice where I use a range of treatment models ( individual/conjoint/family) and enjoy working with a diverse clientele in terms of presenting problems, age, gender and sexual orientation.
(626) 341-0460 View (626) 341-0460
Photo of Rojelio Olmedo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Rojelio Olmedo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
I have experience providing treatment to a variety of populations and mental health issues. I have worked with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, substance abuse issues, life adjustments, and relational problems. As a bilingual therapist with over 15 years of experience, I believe that formulating a close working relationship with you is the most important aspect of treatment. I provide a safe space for you to be your true and authentic self without judgment. This offers you the opportunity to work towards being your best self to minimize or eliminate any current distress you are experiencing.
I have experience providing treatment to a variety of populations and mental health issues. I have worked with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, substance abuse issues, life adjustments, and relational problems. As a bilingual therapist with over 15 years of experience, I believe that formulating a close working relationship with you is the most important aspect of treatment. I provide a safe space for you to be your true and authentic self without judgment. This offers you the opportunity to work towards being your best self to minimize or eliminate any current distress you are experiencing.
(510) 939-7570 View (510) 939-7570
Photo of Linda Rivadeneyra, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Linda Rivadeneyra
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106
HeIlo! Welcome! Are you ready to work on your issues with the support of an experienced, compassionate therapist? Let’s meet to get acquainted with one another and discuss your issues and goals, and to help heal and grow. Some of the issues my clients experience are Depression, Anxiety, Relationship issues, ADHD, and Trauma. I work with clients who have dysfunctional family backgrounds, have survived various types of abuse, and are struggling with dealing with family members or others, and with recovering from their childhoods. I also work with clients who have a “difficult” parent/parent with a personality disorder.
HeIlo! Welcome! Are you ready to work on your issues with the support of an experienced, compassionate therapist? Let’s meet to get acquainted with one another and discuss your issues and goals, and to help heal and grow. Some of the issues my clients experience are Depression, Anxiety, Relationship issues, ADHD, and Trauma. I work with clients who have dysfunctional family backgrounds, have survived various types of abuse, and are struggling with dealing with family members or others, and with recovering from their childhoods. I also work with clients who have a “difficult” parent/parent with a personality disorder.
(661) 469-4808 View (661) 469-4808
Photo of Amy Burdick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Amy Burdick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
Not accepting new clients
I have been working as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for 10 years with an underlying curiosity and hope for more in the way of true connection to the self and the other with a focus on trauma and attachment related issues. Connection is much more than problem solving and communication skills, but rather an ability to feel safe, secure and seen. I began my practice in community mental health and and primarily with a focus on trauma of all kinds (attachment, emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse, sexual assault, and sexual abuse) with a focus on attachment and somatic responses.
I have been working as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for 10 years with an underlying curiosity and hope for more in the way of true connection to the self and the other with a focus on trauma and attachment related issues. Connection is much more than problem solving and communication skills, but rather an ability to feel safe, secure and seen. I began my practice in community mental health and and primarily with a focus on trauma of all kinds (attachment, emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse, sexual assault, and sexual abuse) with a focus on attachment and somatic responses.
(626) 723-3078 View (626) 723-3078
Photo of Camila N Quiroga, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Camila N Quiroga
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Everyone goes through challenging situations in life & while you may have successfully navigated through other difficulties you've faced, there's nothing wrong with seeking out extra support. Therapy can be a tremendous asset to managing personal growth, interpersonal relationships, marriage issues, & the hassles of daily life. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying a variety of therapeutic approaches we can explore long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling & meaningful life.
Everyone goes through challenging situations in life & while you may have successfully navigated through other difficulties you've faced, there's nothing wrong with seeking out extra support. Therapy can be a tremendous asset to managing personal growth, interpersonal relationships, marriage issues, & the hassles of daily life. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying a variety of therapeutic approaches we can explore long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling & meaningful life.
(818) 276-9855 View (818) 276-9855
Photo of Sarah R Cole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Sarah R Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91107
When someone is thinking about finding a therapist they are choosing a hopeful and courageous path. They know they need support, maybe things they've tried in the past haven't worked as well as they'd hoped. I bring a compassionate and curious lens to gently explore the factors that contribute to the way you experience the world. These factors may include events in your past, stressors in your present life, or the effect of living within societal structures that may not support your full and complex development. I have an affirming approach that respects all genders, races, sexual identities, everyone!
When someone is thinking about finding a therapist they are choosing a hopeful and courageous path. They know they need support, maybe things they've tried in the past haven't worked as well as they'd hoped. I bring a compassionate and curious lens to gently explore the factors that contribute to the way you experience the world. These factors may include events in your past, stressors in your present life, or the effect of living within societal structures that may not support your full and complex development. I have an affirming approach that respects all genders, races, sexual identities, everyone!
(323) 417-2698 View (323) 417-2698
Photo of Janine Terzian Gordon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Janine Terzian Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104  (Online Only)
Janine Gordon is a licensed psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in psychotherapy, clinical supervision and program management. She has worked with children, teenagers and adults and is currently providing clinical supervision as well as directing a school-based program serving over 20 schools. Her passion is helping others to grow and heal along this journey in order to truly live their best life. Janine utilizes a variety of clinical modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mind-Body Techniques. She’s is Licensed Clinical Social Worker and has a certification in Integrative Somatic Trauma Therapy.
Janine Gordon is a licensed psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience in psychotherapy, clinical supervision and program management. She has worked with children, teenagers and adults and is currently providing clinical supervision as well as directing a school-based program serving over 20 schools. Her passion is helping others to grow and heal along this journey in order to truly live their best life. Janine utilizes a variety of clinical modalities, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mind-Body Techniques. She’s is Licensed Clinical Social Worker and has a certification in Integrative Somatic Trauma Therapy.
(626) 344-7057 View (626) 344-7057

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.