Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Susan P Frankel, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Susan P Frankel
Psychologist, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
I understand that beginning therapy may feel frightening or overwhelming. I believe that therapy is a deeply personal process between us. I offer a safe, respectful, and non-judgmental space in which you can explore painful issues that you are presently experiencing. We become partners in your therapy. How I work depends on what you need. I am a depth therapist and a Jungian Psychoanalyst and I can be of most use by carefully listening and helping you understand parts of yourself that presently limit your creativity, intimacy, self expression and well-being.
I understand that beginning therapy may feel frightening or overwhelming. I believe that therapy is a deeply personal process between us. I offer a safe, respectful, and non-judgmental space in which you can explore painful issues that you are presently experiencing. We become partners in your therapy. How I work depends on what you need. I am a depth therapist and a Jungian Psychoanalyst and I can be of most use by carefully listening and helping you understand parts of yourself that presently limit your creativity, intimacy, self expression and well-being.
(310) 776-6980 View (310) 776-6980
Photo of Sonnet Daymont, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Sonnet Daymont
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039  (Online Only)
Are feeling lonely, stressed, overwhelmed, and like you need help to organize next steps to feel better? Please feel welcome to reach out to see if we are a fit. Therapy can be especially helpful during big life transitions (divorce, grief, career). I offer personalized psychotherapy using evidence-based practice - CBT, EMDR, Existential Therapy, Positive Psychology. I am also certified as an art therapy based life coach, and can use principles of coaching, art therapy and narrative therapy. In addition, I am a certified mindfulness teacher, including certification for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, MBSR.
Are feeling lonely, stressed, overwhelmed, and like you need help to organize next steps to feel better? Please feel welcome to reach out to see if we are a fit. Therapy can be especially helpful during big life transitions (divorce, grief, career). I offer personalized psychotherapy using evidence-based practice - CBT, EMDR, Existential Therapy, Positive Psychology. I am also certified as an art therapy based life coach, and can use principles of coaching, art therapy and narrative therapy. In addition, I am a certified mindfulness teacher, including certification for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, MBSR.
(415) 594-5322 View (415) 594-5322
Photo of Shaundeep Grewal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Shaundeep Grewal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90001
Hello, my name is Shaundeep Grewal, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I have worked with children and adult for 8 years. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and a multitude of life stressors. I have a strong passion in helping others reach their goals. I don't have any limitations; I am comfortable working with all types of individuals at any age group. I have worked with many individuals that have suffered from of a variety of mental health stressors. I appreciate clients that are seeking help and expressing a willingness to change.
Hello, my name is Shaundeep Grewal, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). I have worked with children and adult for 8 years. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and a multitude of life stressors. I have a strong passion in helping others reach their goals. I don't have any limitations; I am comfortable working with all types of individuals at any age group. I have worked with many individuals that have suffered from of a variety of mental health stressors. I appreciate clients that are seeking help and expressing a willingness to change.
(213) 348-9748 View (213) 348-9748
Photo of Molly Binenfeld, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Los Angeles, CA
Molly Binenfeld
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049  (Online Only)
I create a space for you to bring your authentic self into the room without feeling like you have to show up in the "right" way. My approach is direct, compassionate, practical, and personalized towards your values, goals, and experience. My lived and professional experience allows me to help you create a more fulfilling and congruent life while supporting you in coping with daily stressors, relationship dissatisfaction, anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about helping you overcome the challenges you face in today's society, including diet culture, body image, social media pressure, and unrealistic beauty standards.
I create a space for you to bring your authentic self into the room without feeling like you have to show up in the "right" way. My approach is direct, compassionate, practical, and personalized towards your values, goals, and experience. My lived and professional experience allows me to help you create a more fulfilling and congruent life while supporting you in coping with daily stressors, relationship dissatisfaction, anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about helping you overcome the challenges you face in today's society, including diet culture, body image, social media pressure, and unrealistic beauty standards.
(310) 861-7350 View (310) 861-7350
Photo of Dr. Amanda Lomanov, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Dr. Amanda Lomanov
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90026
What you might see as “symptoms” are ways that your unconscious communicates what you really need and value without words. Therapy is a space in which we can look at the story of your life and translate the language of your body so you can learn to work with, rather than against yourself. Schedule your free consultation now to address stress in relationships, low self-esteem, feeling lost or stuck, and an overwhelming urge to "fix."
What you might see as “symptoms” are ways that your unconscious communicates what you really need and value without words. Therapy is a space in which we can look at the story of your life and translate the language of your body so you can learn to work with, rather than against yourself. Schedule your free consultation now to address stress in relationships, low self-esteem, feeling lost or stuck, and an overwhelming urge to "fix."
(747) 215-3659 View (747) 215-3659
Photo of Sondra Stowe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Los Angeles, CA
Sondra Stowe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm an LPCC in CA and an LMHC in NY, currently living in Los Angeles.
Hi! I'm an LPCC in CA and an LMHC in NY, currently living in Los Angeles.
(562) 386-0517 View (562) 386-0517
Photo of Tara DeLuco, PhD, Pediatric Neuropsychologist, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Tara DeLuco, PhD, Pediatric Neuropsychologist
Psychologist, PhD, MS, PPS
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Dr. Tara DeLuco is a pediatric neuropsychologist and California certified school psychologist practicing in the Los Angeles area. She specializes in providing comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations and consultation for children, adolescents, and young adults with developmental, cognitive, attentional, learning, and/or social-emotional challenges, as well as those with current medical conditions and complex medical histories. Dr. DeLuco draws upon her neuropsychological training, and years of experience as a school psychologist, to provide a comprehensive, individualized, and evidence-based assessment and treatment approach.
Dr. Tara DeLuco is a pediatric neuropsychologist and California certified school psychologist practicing in the Los Angeles area. She specializes in providing comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations and consultation for children, adolescents, and young adults with developmental, cognitive, attentional, learning, and/or social-emotional challenges, as well as those with current medical conditions and complex medical histories. Dr. DeLuco draws upon her neuropsychological training, and years of experience as a school psychologist, to provide a comprehensive, individualized, and evidence-based assessment and treatment approach.
(323) 487-8884 View (323) 487-8884
Photo of Diana Siew, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Diana Siew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, 200 RYT
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I help high achieving, highly anxious individuals that are struggling with burnout, work and academic stress, and perfectionism. This may be due to the impact of developmental trauma, childhood overt or covert bullying, or family upbringing. If you are exhausted from having it all together constantly and feel like you are losing touch with your authentic self, therapy is a great place to start in order to shift away from patterns that are no longer working for you. I can guide you as you challenge yourself and grow in ways you thought were not possible and make it less scary by not having to do it alone.
I help high achieving, highly anxious individuals that are struggling with burnout, work and academic stress, and perfectionism. This may be due to the impact of developmental trauma, childhood overt or covert bullying, or family upbringing. If you are exhausted from having it all together constantly and feel like you are losing touch with your authentic self, therapy is a great place to start in order to shift away from patterns that are no longer working for you. I can guide you as you challenge yourself and grow in ways you thought were not possible and make it less scary by not having to do it alone.
(424) 336-9358 View (424) 336-9358
Photo of Janet Conn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Janet Conn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90041
Most people I work with want similar things: to acquire insight into their lives, to identify the barriers that are holding them back and to develop the ability for change. My experience and training is in insight-oriented, relational psychotherapy and executive/career coaching. Whether you are grappling with anxiety, depression, past traumas, relationship problems, life transitions or finding a place in a culture that is not welcoming to you, I create a safe, confidential environment to explore the issues you are struggling with.
Most people I work with want similar things: to acquire insight into their lives, to identify the barriers that are holding them back and to develop the ability for change. My experience and training is in insight-oriented, relational psychotherapy and executive/career coaching. Whether you are grappling with anxiety, depression, past traumas, relationship problems, life transitions or finding a place in a culture that is not welcoming to you, I create a safe, confidential environment to explore the issues you are struggling with.
(424) 543-8118 View (424) 543-8118
Photo of Seon Park, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Seon Park
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90020  (Online Only)
We all indeed face difficulties at some point in our lives. No one is exempt from these difficulties. Everyone needs assistance in overcoming these difficulties to be able to have a meaningful and successful life journey and to share the joy with others. Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2005. Graduated from Pepperdine University with a Master's Degree in Psychology and Clinical Psychology.
We all indeed face difficulties at some point in our lives. No one is exempt from these difficulties. Everyone needs assistance in overcoming these difficulties to be able to have a meaningful and successful life journey and to share the joy with others. Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2005. Graduated from Pepperdine University with a Master's Degree in Psychology and Clinical Psychology.
(323) 991-9927 View (323) 991-9927
Photo of Marcela Rondani, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Marcela Rondani
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CEDS, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I believe that psychotherapy can be a tool to help someone to increase their self-awareness and promote healing and reparation to the life's pain and struggles. If you would like someone on your side to the new journey of rediscovering who you are and who you want to be, that is my goal. To provide support through this new path with the objective that life will unfold with more joy and happiness.
I believe that psychotherapy can be a tool to help someone to increase their self-awareness and promote healing and reparation to the life's pain and struggles. If you would like someone on your side to the new journey of rediscovering who you are and who you want to be, that is my goal. To provide support through this new path with the objective that life will unfold with more joy and happiness.
(310) 933-3406 View (310) 933-3406
Photo of Justin Shubert, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Justin Shubert
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90027
While compassion is the cornerstone of my practice, I will also challenge you in more direct ways. Through the process of psychotherapy we come to know ourselves in a meaningful way. This self-insight can lead to comfort, purpose, and more settled, enriching relationships. * A note about COVID-19: this pandemic has already caused all of us great loss, destruction, and grief. We are anxious about what may come. It is of some solace to know that we are all feeling these things across the world, in our own ways, and that we will get through this.
While compassion is the cornerstone of my practice, I will also challenge you in more direct ways. Through the process of psychotherapy we come to know ourselves in a meaningful way. This self-insight can lead to comfort, purpose, and more settled, enriching relationships. * A note about COVID-19: this pandemic has already caused all of us great loss, destruction, and grief. We are anxious about what may come. It is of some solace to know that we are all feeling these things across the world, in our own ways, and that we will get through this.
(323) 570-4595 x2 View (323) 570-4595 x2
Photo of Ana Luz Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Ana Luz Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90046  (Online Only)
I am passionate about working with women, nonbinary, marginalized populations, and the global majority. I have experience with clients facing issues related to immigration, gender-based violence, & human trafficking. My MBA studies give me a unique lens on social impact, business, collective consciousness, and innovative technology. I provide support for trauma, racism, migrant identity issues, money stories, systems, personal & career growth. I have worked with trauma survivors who have experienced sexual assault, violence in the home, dysfunctional families & clients struggling with anxiety, panic disorders, PTSD, & MDD.
I am passionate about working with women, nonbinary, marginalized populations, and the global majority. I have experience with clients facing issues related to immigration, gender-based violence, & human trafficking. My MBA studies give me a unique lens on social impact, business, collective consciousness, and innovative technology. I provide support for trauma, racism, migrant identity issues, money stories, systems, personal & career growth. I have worked with trauma survivors who have experienced sexual assault, violence in the home, dysfunctional families & clients struggling with anxiety, panic disorders, PTSD, & MDD.
(323) 443-7093 View (323) 443-7093
Photo of Julia Burkes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Julia Burkes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90066
Sometimes we can feel stuck. Maybe you find yourself repeating habits that are hurting you and/or others but you can't seem to stop the cycle. Perhaps you have had a painful experience that you are having difficulty healing from. It may be that you are so anxious or overwhelmed with negative feelings, it feels hard to enjoy life and move forward in a meaningful way. Or possibly, it's just that you can't seem to shake that critical voice inside that says you aren't good enough.
Sometimes we can feel stuck. Maybe you find yourself repeating habits that are hurting you and/or others but you can't seem to stop the cycle. Perhaps you have had a painful experience that you are having difficulty healing from. It may be that you are so anxious or overwhelmed with negative feelings, it feels hard to enjoy life and move forward in a meaningful way. Or possibly, it's just that you can't seem to shake that critical voice inside that says you aren't good enough.
(424) 672-3822 View (424) 672-3822
Photo of Kendal Maxwell, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Kendal Maxwell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90036
I am accepting new clients via private pay. My background is neuropsychology and health psychology, therefore, I specialize with understanding the complexity of interactions between neurological illnesses and psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, etc. I have worked with several illnesses such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke, TBI & adjustment to these medical conditions. Additionally, I believe in mindfulness meditation. You can access my "21 day Positive Mindfulness Meditation Challenge" on Spotify, Apple podcast, as well as Google podcasts.
I am accepting new clients via private pay. My background is neuropsychology and health psychology, therefore, I specialize with understanding the complexity of interactions between neurological illnesses and psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance abuse, etc. I have worked with several illnesses such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke, TBI & adjustment to these medical conditions. Additionally, I believe in mindfulness meditation. You can access my "21 day Positive Mindfulness Meditation Challenge" on Spotify, Apple podcast, as well as Google podcasts.
(734) 339-2170 View (734) 339-2170
Photo of Jarred Trusty, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Jarred Trusty
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(424) 358-3495 View (424) 358-3495
Photo of Chandler Sims Chang, Psychologist in Los Angeles, CA
Chandler Sims Chang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90017
Dr. Chang, founder of Therapy Lab and TL Kids (formerly Golden Hour Therapy), has provided science-based psychological treatment in downtown Los Angeles since 2008. Using evidence-based treatments and a compassionate approach, she offers expertise based on a decade of experience at prestigious research-oriented psychology programs, including UCLA and NYU's Child Study Center, with degrees from Princeton University and The University of Georgia.
Dr. Chang, founder of Therapy Lab and TL Kids (formerly Golden Hour Therapy), has provided science-based psychological treatment in downtown Los Angeles since 2008. Using evidence-based treatments and a compassionate approach, she offers expertise based on a decade of experience at prestigious research-oriented psychology programs, including UCLA and NYU's Child Study Center, with degrees from Princeton University and The University of Georgia.
(323) 275-9242 View (323) 275-9242
Photo of Jasyn Lezin - Expansive Therapy, Counselor in Los Angeles, CA
Jasyn Lezin - Expansive Therapy
Counselor, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90002
I utilize a strength-based and psychodynamic approach that will guide you in re-establishing an authentic relationship with yourself and others so that you may show up lovingly and mindfully to the life you envision.
I utilize a strength-based and psychodynamic approach that will guide you in re-establishing an authentic relationship with yourself and others so that you may show up lovingly and mindfully to the life you envision.
(424) 336-4681 View (424) 336-4681
Photo of Megan Fehte, Marriage & Family Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Megan Fehte
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90007
Megan Fehte LMFT. I have been in the field for over 10 years working with many types of populations. While building a strong rapport with client's, we spend time identifying, addressing, and learning how to cope with life stressors. I approaches all client with a solution-focused perspective, empowering them to explore and overcome obstacles that interfere with living fulfilled lives. Utilizing a strength-based approach, sessions are tailored to best fit your needs as she collaborates with you to set goals for the outcomes you wish to see.
Megan Fehte LMFT. I have been in the field for over 10 years working with many types of populations. While building a strong rapport with client's, we spend time identifying, addressing, and learning how to cope with life stressors. I approaches all client with a solution-focused perspective, empowering them to explore and overcome obstacles that interfere with living fulfilled lives. Utilizing a strength-based approach, sessions are tailored to best fit your needs as she collaborates with you to set goals for the outcomes you wish to see.
(323) 736-5661 View (323) 736-5661
Photo of Katie Gaydos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Los Angeles, CA
Katie Gaydos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90036  (Online Only)
I’m a Los Angeles based Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently offering individual teletherapy to adult clients in California. I utilize a psychodynamic, relational, and trauma-informed integrative approach to assist clients in increasing awareness of the nuances of their inner worlds with curiosity and compassion. Ultimately, I hope to facilitate a greater sense of freedom, peace, and fulfillment for my clients.
I’m a Los Angeles based Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently offering individual teletherapy to adult clients in California. I utilize a psychodynamic, relational, and trauma-informed integrative approach to assist clients in increasing awareness of the nuances of their inner worlds with curiosity and compassion. Ultimately, I hope to facilitate a greater sense of freedom, peace, and fulfillment for my clients.
(323) 968-5723 View (323) 968-5723

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.