Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Liza Varlan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Liza Varlan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
Waitlist for new clients
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. In my practice, I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for all struggling with life’s challenges. I am passionate about helping clients reach balance in life after difficult events. I have 7 years experience providing therapy to adults and children who have experienced traumatic experiences.
I understand reaching out for help takes courage and bravery. In my practice, I hope to create a safe and empathetic space for all struggling with life’s challenges. I am passionate about helping clients reach balance in life after difficult events. I have 7 years experience providing therapy to adults and children who have experienced traumatic experiences.
(865) 217-2745 View (865) 217-2745
Photo of Lindsey Chandler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Lindsey Chandler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
Have you ever felt that anxious feeling in your stomach that robs your appetite, hijacks your breathing, and prevents you from stepping out into the world? Maybe you feel hopeless and stuck for any number of reasons or no expressible reason at all. I want you to know you are not alone, and there is hope! The journey of recovery may include resolving guilt, changing behavior, learning to have fun, communicating effectively, and a number of other desirable results. I orient my practice to provide space for my clients to share openly and confidentially about their concerns.
Have you ever felt that anxious feeling in your stomach that robs your appetite, hijacks your breathing, and prevents you from stepping out into the world? Maybe you feel hopeless and stuck for any number of reasons or no expressible reason at all. I want you to know you are not alone, and there is hope! The journey of recovery may include resolving guilt, changing behavior, learning to have fun, communicating effectively, and a number of other desirable results. I orient my practice to provide space for my clients to share openly and confidentially about their concerns.
(865) 658-4162 View (865) 658-4162
Photo of Landon J Dalton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Landon J Dalton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Hello! My name is Landon. I am a licensed therapist that works with adults and young adults. My approach to therapy is holistic and is individually tailored to meet the needs of my clients. By using an insight-oriented therapeutic approach, I aim to help clients learn not just "how" to cope, but also, why these thoughts/behaviors started to occur. I work in a relaxed, welcoming setting with individuals who are motivated to take a deeper look into themselves. I believe everyone is capable of making significant changes in their life for the better!
Hello! My name is Landon. I am a licensed therapist that works with adults and young adults. My approach to therapy is holistic and is individually tailored to meet the needs of my clients. By using an insight-oriented therapeutic approach, I aim to help clients learn not just "how" to cope, but also, why these thoughts/behaviors started to occur. I work in a relaxed, welcoming setting with individuals who are motivated to take a deeper look into themselves. I believe everyone is capable of making significant changes in their life for the better!
(865) 509-9970 View (865) 509-9970
Photo of Amanda Surdock, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Amanda Surdock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in assessment and evaluation across the lifespan. I enjoy working with people of all ages, and I specialize in diagnosis and treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety and depression.
(865) 321-1076 View (865) 321-1076
Photo of William Blackerby, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
William Blackerby
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
I have more than 30 years of experience as both a clinical psychologist and a neuropsychologist. As a neuropsychologist I provide assessments and diagnoses for ADHD, Autism, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Head Trauma, Dementia, Personality Disorders, and other neurological and emotional diagnoses. As a clinical psychologist, I work with stress/anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, Bipolar, PTSD, head trauma, dementia and relationship issues and other emotional and behavioral difficulties. I use techniques proven to be helpful and work collaboratively with you to help you improve your life and resolve the issues that brought you to see me.
I have more than 30 years of experience as both a clinical psychologist and a neuropsychologist. As a neuropsychologist I provide assessments and diagnoses for ADHD, Autism, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Head Trauma, Dementia, Personality Disorders, and other neurological and emotional diagnoses. As a clinical psychologist, I work with stress/anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, Bipolar, PTSD, head trauma, dementia and relationship issues and other emotional and behavioral difficulties. I use techniques proven to be helpful and work collaboratively with you to help you improve your life and resolve the issues that brought you to see me.
(865) 205-8992 View (865) 205-8992
Photo of Kay Francis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Kay Francis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37902
I work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship or work re-lated issues. I enjoy clients whom are eager to learn and have a desire to make positive change. My approach is solution orientated and offers my clients the porper enviornment and feedback for gaining greater awareness, understanding and sensitivity of themself and others. Togehter we will address what may be blocking you from making necessary change or what is getting in the way of you developing the types of skills required for creating change. With willingness and commitment my clients can expect to improve and experience more positive outcomes.
I work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship or work re-lated issues. I enjoy clients whom are eager to learn and have a desire to make positive change. My approach is solution orientated and offers my clients the porper enviornment and feedback for gaining greater awareness, understanding and sensitivity of themself and others. Togehter we will address what may be blocking you from making necessary change or what is getting in the way of you developing the types of skills required for creating change. With willingness and commitment my clients can expect to improve and experience more positive outcomes.
(865) 630-0974 View (865) 630-0974
Photo of Matthew Crescenzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Matthew Crescenzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37932
Not accepting new clients
I am a psychotherapist with over 7 years of experience. My behavioral health and medical experience includes providing group and individual psychotherapy to clients suffering from addiction and behavioral issues; assisting clients with the ability to cope with anxiety and/or stress related to chronic illnesses; and addressing impactful life events in a safe manner, at your pace, to heal and resolve past trauma.
I am a psychotherapist with over 7 years of experience. My behavioral health and medical experience includes providing group and individual psychotherapy to clients suffering from addiction and behavioral issues; assisting clients with the ability to cope with anxiety and/or stress related to chronic illnesses; and addressing impactful life events in a safe manner, at your pace, to heal and resolve past trauma.
(865) 800-8626 View (865) 800-8626
Photo of Jessica Baddorf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jessica Baddorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
(865) 383-1156 View (865) 383-1156
Photo of Dr. Jaima E. Walton, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Dr. Jaima E. Walton
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am a licensed clinical psychologist, practicing in Knoxville, TN with Knoxville Behavioral & Mental Health Services (schedule more quickly through our clinic website). I am passionate about clinical work and appreciate the opportunity to join with children, families, and adults in therapy to help them overcome current challenges and plan for future success. My areas of interest include working with teens and adults presenting with concerns related to anxiety, depression, and trauma. I also enjoy working with parents of young children (2 to 7 years old) to improve challenging behavioral difficulties.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical psychologist, practicing in Knoxville, TN with Knoxville Behavioral & Mental Health Services (schedule more quickly through our clinic website). I am passionate about clinical work and appreciate the opportunity to join with children, families, and adults in therapy to help them overcome current challenges and plan for future success. My areas of interest include working with teens and adults presenting with concerns related to anxiety, depression, and trauma. I also enjoy working with parents of young children (2 to 7 years old) to improve challenging behavioral difficulties.
(865) 269-3149 View (865) 269-3149
Photo of Mallory Casevechia, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Mallory Casevechia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
Have you ever played the game of Life? The board game with the cars and pegs, where you spin the wheel and try to live your best life with all the twists and turns that come with it. I believe we are all driving our little cars around on this journey, and sometimes we need an extra passenger to help us along the way. Whether you need guidance in decision making, a companion to drive away fear and loneliness, or confidence to take control of your life, sometimes we all need that passenger peg. Whatever point in this "game of life" you might be at, I want to join you and help you reach your goals.
(865) 401-9361 View (865) 401-9361
Photo of Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
(865) 217-2051 View (865) 217-2051
Photo of Kindal Akers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Kindal Akers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I work with adults and adolescents. I specialize in helping individuals and families heal from and cope with the impact of issues like trauma, abuse, grief, loss, adoption, attachment problems, anxiety, depression, life transitions, parenting challenges, family conflict, relationship struggles, and postpartum and women's issues. I believe every client I see is more than their problems or labels. I complete a thorough assessment, so I can customize treatment to meet clients where they are and help them toward their goals. I also create a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere that allows for reflection and healing.
I work with adults and adolescents. I specialize in helping individuals and families heal from and cope with the impact of issues like trauma, abuse, grief, loss, adoption, attachment problems, anxiety, depression, life transitions, parenting challenges, family conflict, relationship struggles, and postpartum and women's issues. I believe every client I see is more than their problems or labels. I complete a thorough assessment, so I can customize treatment to meet clients where they are and help them toward their goals. I also create a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere that allows for reflection and healing.
(865) 205-0967 View (865) 205-0967
Photo of Kristin Kimberlain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Kristin Kimberlain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Are you asking yourself what you want out of life and wondering how to get there? Life can be painful, confusing, and feel directionless. At the same time, we all possess an inner wisdom that healing happens when we are able to access our true selves. I am passionate about deepening others' capacity to see and be seen in new ways. I hold space especially for those who experience anxiety, depression, and difficulty with life transitions. I also work with clients who are struggling with religious trauma, doubt, deconstruction, or other forms of hurt inflicted by faith systems.
Are you asking yourself what you want out of life and wondering how to get there? Life can be painful, confusing, and feel directionless. At the same time, we all possess an inner wisdom that healing happens when we are able to access our true selves. I am passionate about deepening others' capacity to see and be seen in new ways. I hold space especially for those who experience anxiety, depression, and difficulty with life transitions. I also work with clients who are struggling with religious trauma, doubt, deconstruction, or other forms of hurt inflicted by faith systems.
(865) 345-4758 View (865) 345-4758
Photo of Leigh M Owens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Leigh M Owens
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
I UNDERSTAND! I understand trauma, addiction and I understand pain. I have been in recovery from substance abuse and everything that comes with it since January of 1991.I know what it means to journey from a place of brokenness to a place of wholeness. Addiction and other maladaptive behaviors are just SYMPTOMS of a deeper rooted problem. If you feel like you KNOW what to do but just cannot seem to make yourself do it chances are you have unprocessed issues. If you are in need of support for yourself, or a loved one I would love to help you navigate the road of this journey.
I UNDERSTAND! I understand trauma, addiction and I understand pain. I have been in recovery from substance abuse and everything that comes with it since January of 1991.I know what it means to journey from a place of brokenness to a place of wholeness. Addiction and other maladaptive behaviors are just SYMPTOMS of a deeper rooted problem. If you feel like you KNOW what to do but just cannot seem to make yourself do it chances are you have unprocessed issues. If you are in need of support for yourself, or a loved one I would love to help you navigate the road of this journey.
(865) 276-8180 View (865) 276-8180
Photo of Katie Wheeler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Katie Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Have you experienced a trauma in your life which you are finding to be difficult to cope with? Are you noticing your past wounds are impacting who you are today? Moving forward after a traumatic event can be difficult. I aim to provide my clients with a secure and accepting environment. My ideal client would come to session ready to process difficult things while they curl up on my couch and feel at home in my office space. Although I have seen clients of all ages and diagnoses, I feel the most comfortable with teen and adult aged clients who are currently experiencing PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression.
Have you experienced a trauma in your life which you are finding to be difficult to cope with? Are you noticing your past wounds are impacting who you are today? Moving forward after a traumatic event can be difficult. I aim to provide my clients with a secure and accepting environment. My ideal client would come to session ready to process difficult things while they curl up on my couch and feel at home in my office space. Although I have seen clients of all ages and diagnoses, I feel the most comfortable with teen and adult aged clients who are currently experiencing PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression.
(865) 217-0931 View (865) 217-0931
Photo of Katherine Campbell in Knoxville, TN
Katherine Campbell
NCC, LPC(T)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Hi, I’m Katherine I’m here to •share space with you, so you feel heard, safe, & able to grow beyond shame, distress, or any other barrier standing in your way. •help you develop the right environment & relationships so you can learn to thrive in your life rather than struggle to survive. •be your ally & advocate along your mental health journey. •enjoy collaborating with you when you find yourself in a season of confusion & desire to renew yourself & discover a new path to health & wellness.
Hi, I’m Katherine I’m here to •share space with you, so you feel heard, safe, & able to grow beyond shame, distress, or any other barrier standing in your way. •help you develop the right environment & relationships so you can learn to thrive in your life rather than struggle to survive. •be your ally & advocate along your mental health journey. •enjoy collaborating with you when you find yourself in a season of confusion & desire to renew yourself & discover a new path to health & wellness.
(865) 419-9293 View (865) 419-9293
Photo of David A White, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
David A White
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Your value and worth as a person is paramount! Counseling provides an avenue to self-discovery, growth, change, mental/emotional health, and healing. I hope to partner with you in this journey.
Your value and worth as a person is paramount! Counseling provides an avenue to self-discovery, growth, change, mental/emotional health, and healing. I hope to partner with you in this journey.
(865) 945-0946 View (865) 945-0946
Photo of Brittaney Mcmahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Brittaney Mcmahan
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
I graduated from East Tennessee State University with a master's degree in counseling in 2016. I obtained my Licensed Professional Counselor, Mental Health Service Provider licensure in 2018. I have worked with children, teens and adults with a myriad of mental health conditions and life stressors in multiple settings, including outpatient, Intensive outpatient, in-home counseling/case management, crisis and residential treatment facilities. I have a passion for helping people live fulfilling and quality lives, regardless of life circumstances.
I graduated from East Tennessee State University with a master's degree in counseling in 2016. I obtained my Licensed Professional Counselor, Mental Health Service Provider licensure in 2018. I have worked with children, teens and adults with a myriad of mental health conditions and life stressors in multiple settings, including outpatient, Intensive outpatient, in-home counseling/case management, crisis and residential treatment facilities. I have a passion for helping people live fulfilling and quality lives, regardless of life circumstances.
(865) 503-6186 View (865) 503-6186
Photo of Archway Counseling, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Archway Counseling
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Welcome to Knoxville's Premier Center for Counseling & Psychological Services. We have multiple licensed Psychologists who are currently accepting new patients. We are trained as generalists and therefore are able to work with a wide range of presenting concerns including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship concerns, women's issues, perinatal issues, self-harm, OCD, sports performance issues and more. We provide individual, couples, and group therapy. Call today to schedule your first appointment!
Welcome to Knoxville's Premier Center for Counseling & Psychological Services. We have multiple licensed Psychologists who are currently accepting new patients. We are trained as generalists and therefore are able to work with a wide range of presenting concerns including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship concerns, women's issues, perinatal issues, self-harm, OCD, sports performance issues and more. We provide individual, couples, and group therapy. Call today to schedule your first appointment!
(865) 344-1989 View (865) 344-1989
Photo of Ryan K Peters, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Ryan K Peters
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
I have over 20 years of experience specializing in the complex needs of both children and adults in a variety of settings. I have a passion for helping people learn to help themselves. My training and experience brings a level of confidence and skill that ensures clients will have a safe, secure, non judgmental and caring environment to create opportunities for growth and change. If it's time for you to consider professional support allow me to assist you on your journey and help you "Start Your Tomorrow Today"
I have over 20 years of experience specializing in the complex needs of both children and adults in a variety of settings. I have a passion for helping people learn to help themselves. My training and experience brings a level of confidence and skill that ensures clients will have a safe, secure, non judgmental and caring environment to create opportunities for growth and change. If it's time for you to consider professional support allow me to assist you on your journey and help you "Start Your Tomorrow Today"
(865) 234-9117 View (865) 234-9117

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.