Sexual Abuse Therapists in Springville, AL

Photo of Kayle Lucas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Kayle Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an LMSW with 10 years of experience in various treatment settings (e.g. residential, PHP, and IOP treatment for eating disorders, hospital, sexual assault and domestic violence shelter, college counseling, and hospice and home health).
Hi! I am Kayle Lucas. I believe that counseling is a sacred space and opportunity for you to be heard and respected. I am grounded in the belief that people can be motivated towards achieving positive psychological functioning, and this is essential to every therapeutic relationship and provides the basis for change to occur. I believe you are an expert of your experience, your wants, and your needs. I do not believe there is one single approach or theory that works for everyone in every situation. I have a diverse understanding of theories and I incorporate a variety of therapeutic principles to create the best treatment for you.
I am an LMSW with 10 years of experience in various treatment settings (e.g. residential, PHP, and IOP treatment for eating disorders, hospital, sexual assault and domestic violence shelter, college counseling, and hospice and home health).
Hi! I am Kayle Lucas. I believe that counseling is a sacred space and opportunity for you to be heard and respected. I am grounded in the belief that people can be motivated towards achieving positive psychological functioning, and this is essential to every therapeutic relationship and provides the basis for change to occur. I believe you are an expert of your experience, your wants, and your needs. I do not believe there is one single approach or theory that works for everyone in every situation. I have a diverse understanding of theories and I incorporate a variety of therapeutic principles to create the best treatment for you.
(205) 846-9934 View (205) 846-9934
Photo of Melissa Beaird, Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Melissa Beaird
Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Do you feel like you do not know where to turn because life has become so stressful and overwhelming? Do you feel defeated? Are you looking for relief and a sense of calm and tranquility?
Do you feel like you do not know where to turn because life has become so stressful and overwhelming? Do you feel defeated? Are you looking for relief and a sense of calm and tranquility?
(659) 212-4111 View (659) 212-4111

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Rachel Crabtree, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Dr. Rachel Crabtree
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Including those who have endured sexual abuse, addiction, and the heartbreak of betrayal.
I utilize a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach, prioritizing your pace and creating a safe space to navigate challenging emotions. Together, we'll cultivate self-regulation techniques, healthy coping skills, and build supportive connections to empower your healing journey.
Including those who have endured sexual abuse, addiction, and the heartbreak of betrayal.
I utilize a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach, prioritizing your pace and creating a safe space to navigate challenging emotions. Together, we'll cultivate self-regulation techniques, healthy coping skills, and build supportive connections to empower your healing journey.
(659) 348-0947 View (659) 348-0947
Photo of Victoria Frazier - Insight Therapeutic Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PIP
Insight Therapeutic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PIP
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35243
Frazier is a certified Family Trauma Professional specializing in the areas of trauma and sexual abuse in children, adolescents and adults.
Insight Therapeutic Services, LLC is a group of 14 Licensed Professional Counselors and Licensed Clinical Social Workers, each with certifications in a variety of specialty areas serving children and adults. Our team strives to match the needs of your family with a therapist knowledgeable and skilled in your area of need. Our therapists are skilled in the areas of trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and addictions. Each therapist holds a certification in their area of expertise. We are currently accepting new clients for Alabaster and Birmingham locations. Telehealth offered as well.
Frazier is a certified Family Trauma Professional specializing in the areas of trauma and sexual abuse in children, adolescents and adults.
Insight Therapeutic Services, LLC is a group of 14 Licensed Professional Counselors and Licensed Clinical Social Workers, each with certifications in a variety of specialty areas serving children and adults. Our team strives to match the needs of your family with a therapist knowledgeable and skilled in your area of need. Our therapists are skilled in the areas of trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and addictions. Each therapist holds a certification in their area of expertise. We are currently accepting new clients for Alabaster and Birmingham locations. Telehealth offered as well.
(205) 374-9859 View (205) 374-9859
Photo of Tori Conner-Hearn, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MPH, CCTP
Tori Conner-Hearn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MPH, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in working with clients dealing with anxiety, trauma (especially sexual abuse/ assault and relationship violence), PTSD, grief, and gender identity.
Because I offer virtual sessions, I can see anyone located in the state of Alabama, regardless of your city. Montgomery, Mobile, Huntsville and others please contact me for virtual sessions. I also offer in person sessions at my office in Hoover, Alabama. I'm looking forward to working with you.
I specialize in working with clients dealing with anxiety, trauma (especially sexual abuse/ assault and relationship violence), PTSD, grief, and gender identity.
Because I offer virtual sessions, I can see anyone located in the state of Alabama, regardless of your city. Montgomery, Mobile, Huntsville and others please contact me for virtual sessions. I also offer in person sessions at my office in Hoover, Alabama. I'm looking forward to working with you.
(205) 255-1612 View (205) 255-1612
Photo of Elizabeth Tapley - Elizabeth Tapley - The Collective Therapy Center, Counselor, EdS , LPC, NCC
Elizabeth Tapley - The Collective Therapy Center
Counselor, EdS , LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Mountain Brook, AL 35223
Elizabeth specializes in the treatment of childhood trauma encompassing sexual abuse, physical abuse, maltreatment, and neglect.
The Collective Therapy Center, where we advocate for a collective approach to therapy. Our philosophy emphasizes the significance of collaborative engagement, involving not only the client but also their caregivers and support systems. The mission of The Collective Therapy Center is to establish a secure and inviting environment that fosters the expression of individual experiences through diverse mediums. We employ the transformative power of art, play, and language to articulate emotions and facilitate healing. Our comprehensive range of services is tailored to meet clients at their unique developmental and emotional stages.
Elizabeth specializes in the treatment of childhood trauma encompassing sexual abuse, physical abuse, maltreatment, and neglect.
The Collective Therapy Center, where we advocate for a collective approach to therapy. Our philosophy emphasizes the significance of collaborative engagement, involving not only the client but also their caregivers and support systems. The mission of The Collective Therapy Center is to establish a secure and inviting environment that fosters the expression of individual experiences through diverse mediums. We employ the transformative power of art, play, and language to articulate emotions and facilitate healing. Our comprehensive range of services is tailored to meet clients at their unique developmental and emotional stages.
(205) 952-6828 View (205) 952-6828
Photo of Ashley Carden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Ashley Carden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Birmingham, AL 35242
I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and individuals who have experienced trauma ( sexual abuse, physical abuse, maltreatment and neglect), anxiety, stress, trauma-related struggles, and attachment disturbances.
I am certified in TraumaPlay, a developmentally sensitive play-based treatment curriculum, and I am trained in utilizing Theraplay Level 1 techniques, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and EMDR. I strive to create an environment that is safe, comfortable, and enjoyable.
I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and individuals who have experienced trauma ( sexual abuse, physical abuse, maltreatment and neglect), anxiety, stress, trauma-related struggles, and attachment disturbances.
I am certified in TraumaPlay, a developmentally sensitive play-based treatment curriculum, and I am trained in utilizing Theraplay Level 1 techniques, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and EMDR. I strive to create an environment that is safe, comfortable, and enjoyable.
(205) 272-6386 View (205) 272-6386
Photo of Meoshia Abrams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Meoshia Abrams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
With a heavy emphasis on childhood sexual abuse and trauma within the African American community, I will help you work through the root causes of your pain and help you feel empowered by the resilience you possess.
Navigating work, family and everyday life can be challenging- finding a therapist shouldn’t be! As a clinical therapist with 19 years of experience, I am passionate about helping women survivors recover from the lasting effects of traumatic experiences. Together in therapy we will identify what shifts you would like to make in your life in an safe and open space.
With a heavy emphasis on childhood sexual abuse and trauma within the African American community, I will help you work through the root causes of your pain and help you feel empowered by the resilience you possess.
Navigating work, family and everyday life can be challenging- finding a therapist shouldn’t be! As a clinical therapist with 19 years of experience, I am passionate about helping women survivors recover from the lasting effects of traumatic experiences. Together in therapy we will identify what shifts you would like to make in your life in an safe and open space.
(205) 852-8208 View (205) 852-8208
Photo of Joann Pickett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Joann Pickett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
My expertise includes sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, self-harm, addiction, psychosis, abandonment and the obstacles children face from foster care.
In my approach, I have helped individuals become aware of the impact past experiences have on current struggles that create obstacles in different areas of life. I have helped my clients build on existing strengths that lead to increased happiness and greater self-acceptance.
My expertise includes sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, self-harm, addiction, psychosis, abandonment and the obstacles children face from foster care.
In my approach, I have helped individuals become aware of the impact past experiences have on current struggles that create obstacles in different areas of life. I have helped my clients build on existing strengths that lead to increased happiness and greater self-acceptance.
(205) 927-6243 View (205) 927-6243
Photo of Kayla Lynn Kent, Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Kayla Lynn Kent
Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Birmingham, AL 35205
Waitlist for new clients
My career has been spent helping survivors of sexual assault, domestic violence, and those struggling with addictions by providing a space to heal and grow without judgement.
Life is full of many challenges. You may be experiencing sudden life changes, need a safe place to process and heal from a traumatic event, coping with loss and need a place to grieve, and/or struggling with addiction or have a family member who is struggling with addiction and need direction. It is my privilege to provide a safe place to grieve, grow, heal, and learn for all of those who are in need.
My career has been spent helping survivors of sexual assault, domestic violence, and those struggling with addictions by providing a space to heal and grow without judgement.
Life is full of many challenges. You may be experiencing sudden life changes, need a safe place to process and heal from a traumatic event, coping with loss and need a place to grieve, and/or struggling with addiction or have a family member who is struggling with addiction and need direction. It is my privilege to provide a safe place to grieve, grow, heal, and learn for all of those who are in need.
(205) 235-8219 View (205) 235-8219
Photo of Erin Guffey, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Erin Guffey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a trauma informed clinician who has specialized experience working with individuals who have experienced sexual abuse/ assault and domestic violence.
Accepting New Clients! Change is sometimes overwhelming, but continuing in familiar unhealthy patterns are likely preventing you from living the best version of yourself. My hope is to walk along beside you as you identify some of your unhealthy patterns; help you establish realistic goals; and implement healthy change in a way that doesn’t feel daunting. I have seven years experience working with individuals from all backgrounds with varying concerns, including depression, anxiety, stress, strained family dynamics, and unhealthy boundaries.
I am a trauma informed clinician who has specialized experience working with individuals who have experienced sexual abuse/ assault and domestic violence.
Accepting New Clients! Change is sometimes overwhelming, but continuing in familiar unhealthy patterns are likely preventing you from living the best version of yourself. My hope is to walk along beside you as you identify some of your unhealthy patterns; help you establish realistic goals; and implement healthy change in a way that doesn’t feel daunting. I have seven years experience working with individuals from all backgrounds with varying concerns, including depression, anxiety, stress, strained family dynamics, and unhealthy boundaries.
(205) 270-5565 View (205) 270-5565
Photo of Kelley Massengale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS, CST
Kelley Massengale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BACS, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I provide treatment for relationships, infidelity, low libido, mismatched desire, issues of gender or sexual orientation, and work with sexual abuse or assault survivors to name a few.
As a psychotherapist and AASECT Certified Sex Therapist, I treat a wide range of sexual, relationship and intimacy issues. I work with individuals and couples. Sex is one of the deepest and most powerful experiences we have and it can also be a source of great stress and shame when things do not go as smoothly as we would like. Cultural messages and biases can further compound these issues. I provide a safe and nonjudgemental environment for individuals or couples to discuss these issues.
I provide treatment for relationships, infidelity, low libido, mismatched desire, issues of gender or sexual orientation, and work with sexual abuse or assault survivors to name a few.
As a psychotherapist and AASECT Certified Sex Therapist, I treat a wide range of sexual, relationship and intimacy issues. I work with individuals and couples. Sex is one of the deepest and most powerful experiences we have and it can also be a source of great stress and shame when things do not go as smoothly as we would like. Cultural messages and biases can further compound these issues. I provide a safe and nonjudgemental environment for individuals or couples to discuss these issues.
(205) 964-9561 View (205) 964-9561
Photo of Susan C Kirkland - Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services,LLC, Counselor, M Ed, ALC, CCTP
Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services,LLC
Counselor, M Ed, ALC, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I have over 15 years of experience working with clients concerning: ADHD/ADD Assessments, PTSD & Trauma, Anxiety, Behavioral Issues, Conflict Resolution, Couples and Family Conflict, Depression, Divorce, Grief, Goal Setting, Stress Management, Parenting Skills Development, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression and Physical and Sexual Abuse.
Have you felt that waking up every morning has become difficult? The day to day tasks appear to be mountains that you must climb. You do not have to go through this alone. Our services are designed to meet the various mental health needs of adolescents, young adults/adults and couples as you navigate the trials of life. Take the first step by taking care of you. Here at Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services, you will be with someone that will allow you to breathe and assist you by using therapeutic strategies to improve your mental health and who will be with you when those conversations become difficult but necessary.
I have over 15 years of experience working with clients concerning: ADHD/ADD Assessments, PTSD & Trauma, Anxiety, Behavioral Issues, Conflict Resolution, Couples and Family Conflict, Depression, Divorce, Grief, Goal Setting, Stress Management, Parenting Skills Development, Prenatal and Postpartum Depression and Physical and Sexual Abuse.
Have you felt that waking up every morning has become difficult? The day to day tasks appear to be mountains that you must climb. You do not have to go through this alone. Our services are designed to meet the various mental health needs of adolescents, young adults/adults and couples as you navigate the trials of life. Take the first step by taking care of you. Here at Dunn-Kirkland Counseling & Consulting Services, you will be with someone that will allow you to breathe and assist you by using therapeutic strategies to improve your mental health and who will be with you when those conversations become difficult but necessary.
(205) 883-2466 View (205) 883-2466
Photo of Cori C Ray, Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Cori C Ray
Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
My professional experience includes trauma recovery, family therapy, addiction treatment, anxiety and depression management, grief counseling, chronic illness support, and sexual abuse recovery.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults in individual or family counseling. My aim is to provide each client with a safe space that is free of judgment, fostering their growth and empowerment. My goal is to equip each client with the tools necessary to navigate life's journey, leading them toward freedom and wholeness.
My professional experience includes trauma recovery, family therapy, addiction treatment, anxiety and depression management, grief counseling, chronic illness support, and sexual abuse recovery.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults in individual or family counseling. My aim is to provide each client with a safe space that is free of judgment, fostering their growth and empowerment. My goal is to equip each client with the tools necessary to navigate life's journey, leading them toward freedom and wholeness.
(205) 900-3623 View (205) 900-3623
Photo of Sichana Jean - CC Jean, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SAP
CC Jean, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SAP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I'm also proficient in helping clients navigate the trauma of childhood abuse, domestic violence and sexual assault.
I primarily utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, elements of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and aspects of Psychodynamic Theory to uncover dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs, and motivations stemming from trauma. I then challenge clients to adopt new behaviors that support current values and a more adaptive outlook on the future.
I'm also proficient in helping clients navigate the trauma of childhood abuse, domestic violence and sexual assault.
I primarily utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, elements of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and aspects of Psychodynamic Theory to uncover dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs, and motivations stemming from trauma. I then challenge clients to adopt new behaviors that support current values and a more adaptive outlook on the future.
(228) 285-5161 View (228) 285-5161
Photo of Alena Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Alena Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have presented at conferences on Sex After Sexual Abuse, Nonconsensual or Undesired Sexual Experiences, BDSM, and LGBTQ+ clients.
Sex is a normal, necessary part of human existence. Ideally, sex makes us feel happy, loved, and connected. Yet many people experience problems with sex including pain, lack of desire, or an inability to reach orgasm. Have you avoided talking to a sex therapist because you are afraid they’ll judge you? I will never judge you. Nothing you say is going to shock me, scare me, or make me stop working with you. Have you ever had a sexual encounter that was other than consentual but you didn't know who to talk to or even what to say about it? If so, I can help you work through your thoughts and feelings about sex and sexual experiences
I have presented at conferences on Sex After Sexual Abuse, Nonconsensual or Undesired Sexual Experiences, BDSM, and LGBTQ+ clients.
Sex is a normal, necessary part of human existence. Ideally, sex makes us feel happy, loved, and connected. Yet many people experience problems with sex including pain, lack of desire, or an inability to reach orgasm. Have you avoided talking to a sex therapist because you are afraid they’ll judge you? I will never judge you. Nothing you say is going to shock me, scare me, or make me stop working with you. Have you ever had a sexual encounter that was other than consentual but you didn't know who to talk to or even what to say about it? If so, I can help you work through your thoughts and feelings about sex and sexual experiences
(256) 300-6088 View (256) 300-6088
Photo of Emily Elizabeth Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Emily Elizabeth Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
She has worked with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual abuse, substance abuse, developmental trauma, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, and other life stressors.
Emily uses a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to the needs of each individual client. Some of the techniques Emily uses are acceptance and commitment therapy, CBT, mindfulness-based practice, inner child work, expressive therapy, and experiential therapies. Emily believes in bringing authenticity, genuineness, warmth and empathy into her session.
She has worked with individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, sexual abuse, substance abuse, developmental trauma, bipolar disorder, grief and loss, and other life stressors.
Emily uses a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to the needs of each individual client. Some of the techniques Emily uses are acceptance and commitment therapy, CBT, mindfulness-based practice, inner child work, expressive therapy, and experiential therapies. Emily believes in bringing authenticity, genuineness, warmth and empathy into her session.
(205) 656-8726 View (205) 656-8726
Photo of Cecelia A Watts, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cecelia A Watts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35242
Some of these areas of concern include depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, substance abuse, relationships, and grief.
I treat each client as the unique individual they are and create the counseling style that best meets each client's needs. I work with each client to establish their goals and walk with them on the journey to reach those goals and to reach their highest potential. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy among other modalities.
Some of these areas of concern include depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, emotional, physical and sexual abuse, substance abuse, relationships, and grief.
I treat each client as the unique individual they are and create the counseling style that best meets each client's needs. I work with each client to establish their goals and walk with them on the journey to reach those goals and to reach their highest potential. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy among other modalities.
(205) 883-9517 View (205) 883-9517
Photo of Chatham Kennedy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Chatham Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Chatham works with people who are recovering from broken homes and broken families, sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, attachment disorders, PTSD, marital counseling, and life adjustments.
Chatham utilizes an evidence-based approach with an emphasis on cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, EMDR, IFS, grief therapy, and focuses on rewiring the brain after trauma. She also integrates a holistic model of treatment and uses creative expression in her healing work.
Chatham works with people who are recovering from broken homes and broken families, sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, attachment disorders, PTSD, marital counseling, and life adjustments.
Chatham utilizes an evidence-based approach with an emphasis on cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, EMDR, IFS, grief therapy, and focuses on rewiring the brain after trauma. She also integrates a holistic model of treatment and uses creative expression in her healing work.
(205) 273-6085 View (205) 273-6085
Photo of Karen G. Marullo - Karen Marullo, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Karen Marullo, MA, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Homewood, AL 35209
I work with adults experiencing problems with depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issues, eating disorders, sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Prior to moving into private practice, I have worked with multiple non-profit organizations, including Big Brother/Big Sisters, The Crisis Center and Gateway Family Counseling. At Gateway,
I work with adults experiencing problems with depression, anxiety, marital and relationship issues, eating disorders, sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Prior to moving into private practice, I have worked with multiple non-profit organizations, including Big Brother/Big Sisters, The Crisis Center and Gateway Family Counseling. At Gateway,
(205) 402-8540 View (205) 402-8540
Sexual Abuse Therapists

How do therapists treat sexual abuse?

A good therapist will be nonjudgmental and possibly demonstrate active listening, repeating back what the client says to show that they have understood. These skills allow people to feel comfortable discussing their traumatic experiences openly. Some important treatment goals are to restore a sense of safety and to rebuild confidence. In addition to working one-on-one with the patient, a therapist might bring in supportive family members to assist the client.

Do you have to talk extensively about sexual abuse in therapy?

Survivors frequently find it difficult to describe what happened to them out loud. They can even still be in a state of denial if the sexual abuse occurred recently. It is important for survivors to acknowledge that what happened isn’t their fault and to challenge and reappraise any unhealthy feelings or thoughts as they arise. Art therapy and play therapy are useful non-verbal means of communication for some survivors.

How long does treatment for sexual abuse take?

Recovery from sexual abuse can be a long and difficult process. Some survivors are able to move on naturally on their own, given time, while others require the guidance of a trained therapist. Therapy needs vary and can range from a few sessions to months or even years. Healing from sexual abuse takes time, and everyone’s journey will look a little different.

Can trauma symptoms caused by sexual abuse come back after treatment?

As occurs in many cases of trauma, survivors of sexual abuse may experience PTSD-like symptoms long after the abuse has ceased or after an initial round of treatment has occurred. In such a case, there is evidence that prolonged exposure therapy is a useful treatment for survivors, and may be more efficacious than supportive counseling alone. While triggers may continue to cause distress, the idea is that, with time and repeated exposure, their power will fade, allowing survivors to move on with their lives.