Therapists in Surprise, AZ

Photo of Jayme Scarfo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Jayme Scarfo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CEDS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85387  (Online Only)
As a licensed counselor, I understand that life can be tough, and sometimes we all need a safe and supportive place where we can share our thoughts and feelings. My primary focus is to help you identify and overcome any obstacles that may be preventing you from living your best life. Together we will create a personalized plan that empowers you with effective coping skills and strategies that can lead to long-lasting and meaningful change.
As a licensed counselor, I understand that life can be tough, and sometimes we all need a safe and supportive place where we can share our thoughts and feelings. My primary focus is to help you identify and overcome any obstacles that may be preventing you from living your best life. Together we will create a personalized plan that empowers you with effective coping skills and strategies that can lead to long-lasting and meaningful change.
(623) 471-5028 View (623) 471-5028
Photo of Joanna Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Joanna Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85379  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I have found purpose in bringing hope to the lives of others. When we are in pain– physical, emotional, or psychological, it is difficult to navigate the world around us. A therapist can help guide you through those moments, whether it be through holding space, helping you find the emotion in your body, or providing constructive insight. My goal is to have you experience the feeling of “ I’ve overcome this obstacle and I have regained my strength, my hope, my own purpose.” I’m excited to help you start living the life you are meant to fully experience!
As a therapist, I have found purpose in bringing hope to the lives of others. When we are in pain– physical, emotional, or psychological, it is difficult to navigate the world around us. A therapist can help guide you through those moments, whether it be through holding space, helping you find the emotion in your body, or providing constructive insight. My goal is to have you experience the feeling of “ I’ve overcome this obstacle and I have regained my strength, my hope, my own purpose.” I’m excited to help you start living the life you are meant to fully experience!
(623) 624-9745 View (623) 624-9745
Photo of Lynn M Cepican, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Lynn M Cepican
Counselor, LCSW
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
I am a licensed therapist with over 35 years providing therapy in a variety of settings. My practice is presently limited to meeting with adult females. Everyone struggles at one time or another with life challenges and changes. My belief is that each person has strengths and qualities that enable them to cope with difficult situations. My focus is aimed at helping build on those strengths, identify solutions and encourage clients to make changes with the goal of a healthy and contented life.
I am a licensed therapist with over 35 years providing therapy in a variety of settings. My practice is presently limited to meeting with adult females. Everyone struggles at one time or another with life challenges and changes. My belief is that each person has strengths and qualities that enable them to cope with difficult situations. My focus is aimed at helping build on those strengths, identify solutions and encourage clients to make changes with the goal of a healthy and contented life.
(480) 771-9388 View (480) 771-9388
Photo of Rebecca Lucas, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Rebecca Lucas
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
There is a more compassionate way to motivate change! I provide in-person sessions in Surprise, AZ and telehealth to clients all over Arizona. I believe the best life is one lived with meaning and purpose where we are connected to others in healthy ways. Challenges and hardships are guaranteed. Bad things happen. How we look at and respond to these experiences can create obstacles to living the life we desire. My goal is to provide a safe place to explore the origins of pain with self-compassion. My passion is working with clients to unlock this self-compassion, making room for breakthrough and healing.
There is a more compassionate way to motivate change! I provide in-person sessions in Surprise, AZ and telehealth to clients all over Arizona. I believe the best life is one lived with meaning and purpose where we are connected to others in healthy ways. Challenges and hardships are guaranteed. Bad things happen. How we look at and respond to these experiences can create obstacles to living the life we desire. My goal is to provide a safe place to explore the origins of pain with self-compassion. My passion is working with clients to unlock this self-compassion, making room for breakthrough and healing.
(480) 605-1796 View (480) 605-1796
Photo of Pat Medford, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Pat Medford
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
Seeking counseling services is not always easy. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment to assist in the process of psychotherapy. If you need help with psychological trauma of any kind, unresolved grief, PTSD; combat or other related, sexual trauma of any kind, alcohol or drug abuse or need after care services, please call for an appointment. The best results are always achieved when treated sooner rather than later. I also provide DMV and court mandated testing for drivers license reinstatement.
Seeking counseling services is not always easy. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment to assist in the process of psychotherapy. If you need help with psychological trauma of any kind, unresolved grief, PTSD; combat or other related, sexual trauma of any kind, alcohol or drug abuse or need after care services, please call for an appointment. The best results are always achieved when treated sooner rather than later. I also provide DMV and court mandated testing for drivers license reinstatement.
(623) 455-5066 View (623) 455-5066
Photo of Jennifer Keiser in Surprise, AZ
Jennifer Keiser
MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
You are or your child is someone who finds yourself in a constant state of “fight, flight, freeze or fawn” and are tired of feeling overwhelmed. Therapy is here to help people of all ages to incorporate new tools into their life so that they can break out of that long-held pattern. Sometimes the tools we have aren’t working. Sometimes we need new tools. Or sometimes the tools we have just need to be sharpened. I’ll provide you with options for choosing the most effective strategies for you to live your best life. As your therapist, my intention is to provide a connection that allows you to find meaning in your life.
You are or your child is someone who finds yourself in a constant state of “fight, flight, freeze or fawn” and are tired of feeling overwhelmed. Therapy is here to help people of all ages to incorporate new tools into their life so that they can break out of that long-held pattern. Sometimes the tools we have aren’t working. Sometimes we need new tools. Or sometimes the tools we have just need to be sharpened. I’ll provide you with options for choosing the most effective strategies for you to live your best life. As your therapist, my intention is to provide a connection that allows you to find meaning in your life.
(520) 261-5986 View (520) 261-5986
Photo of Dr. Melissa Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Dr. Melissa Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
I have found that clients who are the most successful in their counseling journey are those who are ready to work on what brings them in. While clients may not be able to identify their specific goals, they are motivated for a change to occur. Motivation is what propels each client throughout the counseling process to achieve the goals that we establish together.
I have found that clients who are the most successful in their counseling journey are those who are ready to work on what brings them in. While clients may not be able to identify their specific goals, they are motivated for a change to occur. Motivation is what propels each client throughout the counseling process to achieve the goals that we establish together.
(623) 294-3962 View (623) 294-3962
Photo of Mears Amundson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Mears Amundson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
Are you ready to let go of past hurts? Resolve fears? Restore relationships? Rediscover joy and have more energy? Whether you are facing something unexpected, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, or trying to make sense of your past, seeking help can be the first step in committing to healing. Everyone has unique strengths that can be used to overcome difficult situations leading to greater happiness and healthier relationships. With the right support, you can begin to improve your life one day at a time and feel more like yourself again.
Are you ready to let go of past hurts? Resolve fears? Restore relationships? Rediscover joy and have more energy? Whether you are facing something unexpected, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, or trying to make sense of your past, seeking help can be the first step in committing to healing. Everyone has unique strengths that can be used to overcome difficult situations leading to greater happiness and healthier relationships. With the right support, you can begin to improve your life one day at a time and feel more like yourself again.
(602) 428-9435 View (602) 428-9435
Photo of Cindy Walker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Cindy Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85388  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to provide compassionate counseling services to individuals and families through a holistic and family systems lens. My passion is working with anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence, which includes but is not limited to autism, ADHD, sensory processing disorder, and highly sensitive persons. My goal is to help you build resilience so you may face your struggles and adversities with courage, strength, and wisdom. I will work with you to cultivate connection, flexibility, perseverance, self-regulation, positivity, and self-care to harness the resilience that is carried within you.
I strive to provide compassionate counseling services to individuals and families through a holistic and family systems lens. My passion is working with anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence, which includes but is not limited to autism, ADHD, sensory processing disorder, and highly sensitive persons. My goal is to help you build resilience so you may face your struggles and adversities with courage, strength, and wisdom. I will work with you to cultivate connection, flexibility, perseverance, self-regulation, positivity, and self-care to harness the resilience that is carried within you.
(623) 462-4422 View (623) 462-4422
Photo of Camea Ursula Peca in Surprise, AZ
Camea Ursula Peca
PhD, MSc, GradDip, CFTP, CCTSI
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85379
My practice is rooted in compassion, kindness, growth, creativity. I will present you with a customized plan based on my years of training and experience that will meet you where you are at and push you into the future. I am open to working will all ages and stages and have experience from birth to 75! I look at each person as an individual and enjoy supporting and being of service to anyone that is looking to be the best version of themselves! I specialize in healing the brain and body of trauma and taking control back from fear!
My practice is rooted in compassion, kindness, growth, creativity. I will present you with a customized plan based on my years of training and experience that will meet you where you are at and push you into the future. I am open to working will all ages and stages and have experience from birth to 75! I look at each person as an individual and enjoy supporting and being of service to anyone that is looking to be the best version of themselves! I specialize in healing the brain and body of trauma and taking control back from fear!
(602) 962-1621 View (602) 962-1621
Photo of Molly Cook, Body Mind & Spirit, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Molly Cook, Body Mind & Spirit
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISAC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
Molly Cook is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Independent Substance Abuse Counselor, trained in Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and treats attachment disorders. Molly is a seasoned therapist with 23 years experience with assisting clients with in-patient, out-patient treatment and after care for Eating Disorders, Sex addiction, Alcohol, and Drugs helping clients to address their trauma and addiction (process and substance) issues. She has a certificate in Grief counseling and has experience with Hospice bereavement for families. She specializes in co-occuring mental health issues and addiction.
Molly Cook is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Independent Substance Abuse Counselor, trained in Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and treats attachment disorders. Molly is a seasoned therapist with 23 years experience with assisting clients with in-patient, out-patient treatment and after care for Eating Disorders, Sex addiction, Alcohol, and Drugs helping clients to address their trauma and addiction (process and substance) issues. She has a certificate in Grief counseling and has experience with Hospice bereavement for families. She specializes in co-occuring mental health issues and addiction.
(623) 300-2599 View (623) 300-2599
Photo of Then & Now, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Then & Now
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, PMHMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
Here at Then & Now we are accepting new clients and offering in-person and telehealth services. We are a small counseling agency in Surprise. We are known for our warm, relaxed and comforting approach to therapy which involves, genuine caring, acceptance & non-judgement. We have a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner for medication management. Call us and we will get you started today!
Here at Then & Now we are accepting new clients and offering in-person and telehealth services. We are a small counseling agency in Surprise. We are known for our warm, relaxed and comforting approach to therapy which involves, genuine caring, acceptance & non-judgement. We have a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner for medication management. Call us and we will get you started today!
(623) 526-2791 View (623) 526-2791
Photo of Wolfpack Counseling, LLC in Surprise, AZ
Wolfpack Counseling, LLC
CCFC, NCC, LAC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
Accepting new clients. All clients deserve a safe, supportive space that encourages acceptance, understanding, and emotional growth. My approach to your therapy is one where we work as a collaborative unit to identify and enact solutions to work through the issues brought to treatment. I have training to assist with your goals and with work you can accomplish your path. This united spirit allows you to make meaningful breakthroughs to improve your life and relationships. Was there trauma in your past that maybe affecting you currently? I use EMDR to assist with your experience. I also use play therapy with children and adolescents.
Accepting new clients. All clients deserve a safe, supportive space that encourages acceptance, understanding, and emotional growth. My approach to your therapy is one where we work as a collaborative unit to identify and enact solutions to work through the issues brought to treatment. I have training to assist with your goals and with work you can accomplish your path. This united spirit allows you to make meaningful breakthroughs to improve your life and relationships. Was there trauma in your past that maybe affecting you currently? I use EMDR to assist with your experience. I also use play therapy with children and adolescents.
(623) 526-8510 View (623) 526-8510
Photo of Copper State Mental health Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Copper State Mental health Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
Our practice is dedicated to the most effective and up to date forms of therapy to help you and your family. We understand that everyone has a different situation from navigating complex relationships to special needs children to eating disorders, depression, etc. We offer free consultations in order to help ensure we are a good fit. We commonly see people who have been to therapy before, but have had poor results. We also find people have complicating factors to their trauma such as ADHD, or the inability to create a sense of safety in order to heal. In such a complicated world we have very complicated obstacles to navigate.
Our practice is dedicated to the most effective and up to date forms of therapy to help you and your family. We understand that everyone has a different situation from navigating complex relationships to special needs children to eating disorders, depression, etc. We offer free consultations in order to help ensure we are a good fit. We commonly see people who have been to therapy before, but have had poor results. We also find people have complicating factors to their trauma such as ADHD, or the inability to create a sense of safety in order to heal. In such a complicated world we have very complicated obstacles to navigate.
(623) 888-4310 View (623) 888-4310
Photo of Francesco Pisano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Francesco Pisano
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85378  (Online Only)
I work collaboratively with clients to make sure all their needs are met while considering their cultural diversity and intergenerational/systemic trauma using a trauma-informed and attachment approach.”
I work collaboratively with clients to make sure all their needs are met while considering their cultural diversity and intergenerational/systemic trauma using a trauma-informed and attachment approach.”
(623) 303-0180 View (623) 303-0180
Photo of Jessica Kaffer, Psychologist in Surprise, AZ
Jessica Kaffer
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
Virtual appointments only- I am dedicated to providing the best quality of care by assessing each client's individual needs and assisting them in developing the skills necessary to get back to a more enjoyable and fulfilling place in life. I am able to provide teletherapy services to the following states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia (D.C.), Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia
Virtual appointments only- I am dedicated to providing the best quality of care by assessing each client's individual needs and assisting them in developing the skills necessary to get back to a more enjoyable and fulfilling place in life. I am able to provide teletherapy services to the following states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia (D.C.), Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia
(623) 303-9858 View (623) 303-9858
Photo of Leslie Pappin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Leslie Pappin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
Life is full of challenges. I'm a firm believer in the benefits of unbiased support during difficult periods in our lives. Please allow me to be the person to offer you the help and support that you deserve. In my ten plus years as a therapist, I have worked with people of all ages and walks of life to help address depression, anxiety, loss, anger and relationship issues. I enjoy helping others to improve their current situation by offering a warm, safe and reliable therapeutic environment.
Life is full of challenges. I'm a firm believer in the benefits of unbiased support during difficult periods in our lives. Please allow me to be the person to offer you the help and support that you deserve. In my ten plus years as a therapist, I have worked with people of all ages and walks of life to help address depression, anxiety, loss, anger and relationship issues. I enjoy helping others to improve their current situation by offering a warm, safe and reliable therapeutic environment.
(480) 418-3213 View (480) 418-3213
Photo of Raquel Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Raquel Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85379  (Online Only)
Feeling sad? Lack of motivation? Difficulty focusing? Ready to explode with anger? Life can pound on us pretty hard sometimes but when we can learn to be adaptable to life’s circumstances, it can soften the blows. You do not have to learn these skills on your own.
Feeling sad? Lack of motivation? Difficulty focusing? Ready to explode with anger? Life can pound on us pretty hard sometimes but when we can learn to be adaptable to life’s circumstances, it can soften the blows. You do not have to learn these skills on your own.
(623) 263-0256 View (623) 263-0256
Photo of Katie Carey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Katie Carey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85379  (Online Only)
Telehealth practice. People make sense. I am passionate about uncovering core issues related to anxiety, depression, esteem issues, addiction issues, and relationship patterns that bring individuals into my office in order to create targeted change. I have specialized in working with mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I use attachment models and trauma-informed methods to help my clients develop awareness around repeating patterns in their lives. Together, we can identify and change relationship and behavioral cycles that are often sub-conscious and maladaptive.
Telehealth practice. People make sense. I am passionate about uncovering core issues related to anxiety, depression, esteem issues, addiction issues, and relationship patterns that bring individuals into my office in order to create targeted change. I have specialized in working with mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I use attachment models and trauma-informed methods to help my clients develop awareness around repeating patterns in their lives. Together, we can identify and change relationship and behavioral cycles that are often sub-conscious and maladaptive.
(623) 400-8985 View (623) 400-8985
Photo of Kristen Burnsmith, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Kristen Burnsmith
Counselor, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
I am a Licensed Counselor trained in several trauma resolution models. My style is eclectic and client-centered with a goal of creating a safe place to help you live the best life for you. I believe everyone has the ability to heal and that the right therapist can help you experience and recognize your true self so you can start enjoying a life filled with joy, passion and love. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, LGBTQ issues, trauma of all kinds, addictions and relational issues.
I am a Licensed Counselor trained in several trauma resolution models. My style is eclectic and client-centered with a goal of creating a safe place to help you live the best life for you. I believe everyone has the ability to heal and that the right therapist can help you experience and recognize your true self so you can start enjoying a life filled with joy, passion and love. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, LGBTQ issues, trauma of all kinds, addictions and relational issues.
(623) 300-1939 View (623) 300-1939

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Surprise, AZ

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Surprise, AZ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Surprise, AZ see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Surprise?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.