Therapists in Boulder, CO

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Photo of Salvia Artman, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Salvia Artman
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Dr. Salvia Artman. I am currently providing teletherapy in the state of Colorado. I am committed to providing trauma-informed, multicultural-oriented, LGBTQ+ affirmative, and climate-aware therapy. I utilize a holistic framework in therapy and explore client concerns using a sociocultural and systemic lens. Furthermore, I integrate scientific research, client data, and clinical expertise to provide evidence-based practice.
Hi, I'm Dr. Salvia Artman. I am currently providing teletherapy in the state of Colorado. I am committed to providing trauma-informed, multicultural-oriented, LGBTQ+ affirmative, and climate-aware therapy. I utilize a holistic framework in therapy and explore client concerns using a sociocultural and systemic lens. Furthermore, I integrate scientific research, client data, and clinical expertise to provide evidence-based practice.
(720) 571-9264 View (720) 571-9264
Photo of Deborah Laner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Deborah Laner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304
We begin by exploring how you want your life to be better. You may be looking to restore a vitality or sense of yourself that has gone missing. You may be at the mercy of your emotions, unable to calm yourself or engage your rational thinking and this is wreaking havoc on yourself, your relationships and your work. You need some understanding and skills to bring balance back into your life. You may have a trauma history that is keeping you awake at night and interfering with your ability to function effectively. Your unique circumstances and goals inform the journey ahead.
We begin by exploring how you want your life to be better. You may be looking to restore a vitality or sense of yourself that has gone missing. You may be at the mercy of your emotions, unable to calm yourself or engage your rational thinking and this is wreaking havoc on yourself, your relationships and your work. You need some understanding and skills to bring balance back into your life. You may have a trauma history that is keeping you awake at night and interfering with your ability to function effectively. Your unique circumstances and goals inform the journey ahead.
(720) 633-9158 View (720) 633-9158
Photo of Katie Asmus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Katie Asmus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, BMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
Are you looking to make a life change with the support of alternative holistic methods along with time tested traditional tools? If so, I can help you. Whether you are looking to shift the symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, or wanting support through a life situation or transition, you don’t have to do it alone! I work with people both in a traditional office-based format, as well as in an intensive model to accelerate your process. I also offer individual and group-based personally meaningful, culturally relevant Rite of Passage experiences to support you in conscious and intentional movement through life challenges.
Are you looking to make a life change with the support of alternative holistic methods along with time tested traditional tools? If so, I can help you. Whether you are looking to shift the symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, or wanting support through a life situation or transition, you don’t have to do it alone! I work with people both in a traditional office-based format, as well as in an intensive model to accelerate your process. I also offer individual and group-based personally meaningful, culturally relevant Rite of Passage experiences to support you in conscious and intentional movement through life challenges.
(720) 770-4678 View (720) 770-4678
Photo of Savannah Weatherington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Savannah Weatherington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
Feeling lost in the constant motion of life? Craving stability and self-compassion in all of the chaos? Struggling with patterns or habits that no longer feel like YOU? As a therapist specializing in anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, and communication skills, I'm here to assist you in building resilience and self-confidence. My focus is to support you in overcoming challenges, cultivating personal growth, and developing a strong sense of self. Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-exploration, navigating through the ups and downs of life to achieve empowerment and a more balanced life.
Feeling lost in the constant motion of life? Craving stability and self-compassion in all of the chaos? Struggling with patterns or habits that no longer feel like YOU? As a therapist specializing in anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, and communication skills, I'm here to assist you in building resilience and self-confidence. My focus is to support you in overcoming challenges, cultivating personal growth, and developing a strong sense of self. Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-exploration, navigating through the ups and downs of life to achieve empowerment and a more balanced life.
(720) 730-2980 View (720) 730-2980
Photo of René White, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
René White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAClll
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in Individual and Couples Therapies. I maintain a private practice in Boulder, Colorado and am a graduate of Naropa University. With over 21yrs of experience the therapeutic approach I use is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges. As needed, I integrate complementary methodologies and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each client. With compassion and understanding, I work with each individual to help them build on their strengths and attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
I am a Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in Individual and Couples Therapies. I maintain a private practice in Boulder, Colorado and am a graduate of Naropa University. With over 21yrs of experience the therapeutic approach I use is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges. As needed, I integrate complementary methodologies and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each client. With compassion and understanding, I work with each individual to help them build on their strengths and attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.
(720) 513-2643 View (720) 513-2643
Photo of Louis Carlino, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Louis Carlino
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
I am a body-based (somatic) trained psychotherapist and integrate client-centered talk therapy in my work. Client-centered therapy is based on the conviction that every person has the innate capacity to find within themselves the solutions to their challenges and the power to self-regulate difficult emotions. The therapist's job is to foster a trusting and honest relationship that helps a client to relax. When relaxed, one naturally becomes more curious and open, which is a pre-condition for moving into a psychological space where positive shifts can occur.
I am a body-based (somatic) trained psychotherapist and integrate client-centered talk therapy in my work. Client-centered therapy is based on the conviction that every person has the innate capacity to find within themselves the solutions to their challenges and the power to self-regulate difficult emotions. The therapist's job is to foster a trusting and honest relationship that helps a client to relax. When relaxed, one naturally becomes more curious and open, which is a pre-condition for moving into a psychological space where positive shifts can occur.
(720) 782-0397 View (720) 782-0397
Photo of Mary McWilliams, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Boulder, CO
Mary McWilliams
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
Hello there! My name is Mary and I am here to help you grow in a supportive, non-judgmental environment free of shame. I am a Marriage and Family Therapy intern in Colorado and I am also earning my sex therapy certification through the Sexual Health Alliance. I am passionate about giving couples and individuals a shame-free space to talk about anything - including their intimate desires. I want to give people a place to understand their attachment needs and how it plays into their relationships and how they can change the dance in their current relationships.
Hello there! My name is Mary and I am here to help you grow in a supportive, non-judgmental environment free of shame. I am a Marriage and Family Therapy intern in Colorado and I am also earning my sex therapy certification through the Sexual Health Alliance. I am passionate about giving couples and individuals a shame-free space to talk about anything - including their intimate desires. I want to give people a place to understand their attachment needs and how it plays into their relationships and how they can change the dance in their current relationships.
(720) 806-6036 View (720) 806-6036
Photo of Aleza Stirling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Aleza Stirling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
We work together, collaboratively with your inner healing intelligence, to let go of what is not you and not yours and to claim and integrate what is you and is yours. A life in balance unfolds from this sovereign place.
We work together, collaboratively with your inner healing intelligence, to let go of what is not you and not yours and to claim and integrate what is you and is yours. A life in balance unfolds from this sovereign place.
(720) 782-6354 View (720) 782-6354
Photo of Cassandra Keller, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Boulder, CO
Cassandra Keller
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
I assist adults and adolescents grappling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, as well as those feeling stagnant in life, identity, or career transitions, in cultivating a sense of calm, contentment, and resilience to navigate the highs and lows of life. I support my clients in healing emotional wounds and letting go of limiting thoughts and patterns so they can be their most authentic, healthy selves. If you are looking for someone to help you better understand your emotions, encourage growth in areas you feel stuck, and build awareness of how you are showing up in your life and relationships, we may be a good fit.
I assist adults and adolescents grappling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or trauma, as well as those feeling stagnant in life, identity, or career transitions, in cultivating a sense of calm, contentment, and resilience to navigate the highs and lows of life. I support my clients in healing emotional wounds and letting go of limiting thoughts and patterns so they can be their most authentic, healthy selves. If you are looking for someone to help you better understand your emotions, encourage growth in areas you feel stuck, and build awareness of how you are showing up in your life and relationships, we may be a good fit.
(720) 790-4793 View (720) 790-4793
Photo of Kevin Kelly, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Kevin Kelly
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
For 30 years, I have helped clients overcome depression, anxiety, anger, stress, relationship conflicts, ADD, addictions, workplace, and motivation problems. I am a very interactive, direct (often with humor) and solution focused therapist who challenges clients to instigate the change they want to see. I help clients develop skills in approaching discomfort rather than avoiding. Using cognitive strategies, I can help you change negative thinking to positive. I help clients express their healthiest emotions rather than using emotions to defend or manipulate. I encourage exercise and mindfulness for optimal living.
For 30 years, I have helped clients overcome depression, anxiety, anger, stress, relationship conflicts, ADD, addictions, workplace, and motivation problems. I am a very interactive, direct (often with humor) and solution focused therapist who challenges clients to instigate the change they want to see. I help clients develop skills in approaching discomfort rather than avoiding. Using cognitive strategies, I can help you change negative thinking to positive. I help clients express their healthiest emotions rather than using emotions to defend or manipulate. I encourage exercise and mindfulness for optimal living.
(720) 902-8575 View (720) 902-8575
Photo of Rory Dougall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Rory Dougall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, ADDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
You feel invisible, worn down, ashamed. You feel like if you had just grown up in a different environment, you wouldn’t feel hurt, confused, or angry. You might feel like an outsider, wanting to be yourself but don’t know how to build confidence or connection with others while doing so. You might worry about scaring people or not getting what you need because you can’t do it yourself. You feel like if you just knew how to regulate yourself better, you wouldn’t drink or use. Those struggles are real and I want to work with you on building the life you want and deserve.
You feel invisible, worn down, ashamed. You feel like if you had just grown up in a different environment, you wouldn’t feel hurt, confused, or angry. You might feel like an outsider, wanting to be yourself but don’t know how to build confidence or connection with others while doing so. You might worry about scaring people or not getting what you need because you can’t do it yourself. You feel like if you just knew how to regulate yourself better, you wouldn’t drink or use. Those struggles are real and I want to work with you on building the life you want and deserve.
(720) 330-4631 View (720) 330-4631
Photo of Bridget Borsdorf, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Bridget Borsdorf
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
Is your kiddo lacking confidence, overwhelmed by their emotions, yet you know deep inside there is a magical human just waiting to be discovered? I work with children who are highly intellectual, empathic, and feeling beings who oftentimes have been targeted by schools, peers, and teachers as being the "problem." The truth is they are not the problem and you know this, but yet their everyday functioning is being hindered. Getting to school or having play dates often seems like more of a challenge for you than the other families you know.
Is your kiddo lacking confidence, overwhelmed by their emotions, yet you know deep inside there is a magical human just waiting to be discovered? I work with children who are highly intellectual, empathic, and feeling beings who oftentimes have been targeted by schools, peers, and teachers as being the "problem." The truth is they are not the problem and you know this, but yet their everyday functioning is being hindered. Getting to school or having play dates often seems like more of a challenge for you than the other families you know.
(720) 928-3830 x704 View (720) 928-3830 x704
Photo of Julie L. Holburn, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Julie L. Holburn
Counselor, MA, LPCC, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80303
Maybe you've been feeling anxious, depressed or your relationships are struggling. Feeling overwhelmed from depression, PTSD or anxiety can negatively affect your job, your confidence and your ability to be present on a daily basis. You might be thinking - "Nobody knows what I'm going through" - or have thoughts telling you - “You are not good enough.” Maybe you've felt lost and hopeless. You do not have to go through this alone.
Maybe you've been feeling anxious, depressed or your relationships are struggling. Feeling overwhelmed from depression, PTSD or anxiety can negatively affect your job, your confidence and your ability to be present on a daily basis. You might be thinking - "Nobody knows what I'm going through" - or have thoughts telling you - “You are not good enough.” Maybe you've felt lost and hopeless. You do not have to go through this alone.
(720) 897-3909 View (720) 897-3909
Photo of Kevin Udis, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Kevin Udis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
Human development is a life long process. Feel free to contact me if you are feeling that you, your spouse or children are overwhelmed with the task of adapting to life's challenges. Anxiety, worry, or depression are important symptoms to treat. However, they may also tell one that certain problems require a different approach. My consultations, evaluations and therapeutic services are fully confidential.
Human development is a life long process. Feel free to contact me if you are feeling that you, your spouse or children are overwhelmed with the task of adapting to life's challenges. Anxiety, worry, or depression are important symptoms to treat. However, they may also tell one that certain problems require a different approach. My consultations, evaluations and therapeutic services are fully confidential.
(303) 900-7004 View (303) 900-7004
Photo of Sara Willott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Sara Willott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
Are you thinking about breaking a pattern that no longer serves you? Often feel like an outsider? Wanting to understand threads between past, present experiences, and possibilities ahead? Utilizing a variety of approaches, I can offer perspective and help you feel understood in order to create change in your life. I provide an affirming space for a lot of people who have had previously unsatisfactory experiences in therapy including LGBTQIA folks. I have extensive training beyond just getting licensed to practice therapy. Working with a clinically astute, sincere therapist can be life-changing.
Are you thinking about breaking a pattern that no longer serves you? Often feel like an outsider? Wanting to understand threads between past, present experiences, and possibilities ahead? Utilizing a variety of approaches, I can offer perspective and help you feel understood in order to create change in your life. I provide an affirming space for a lot of people who have had previously unsatisfactory experiences in therapy including LGBTQIA folks. I have extensive training beyond just getting licensed to practice therapy. Working with a clinically astute, sincere therapist can be life-changing.
(303) 943-9718 View (303) 943-9718
Photo of Nikolas H Maslow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Nikolas H Maslow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
The process of self-recovery and rebuilding starts with finding someone to hear you, someone who can help put your feelings into words so that you feel less alone, and someone to help you gain self-confidence. For over 21 years, I have helped people in various life transitions discover deep-rooted happiness in their lives.
The process of self-recovery and rebuilding starts with finding someone to hear you, someone who can help put your feelings into words so that you feel less alone, and someone to help you gain self-confidence. For over 21 years, I have helped people in various life transitions discover deep-rooted happiness in their lives.
(719) 356-4858 View (719) 356-4858
Photo of Attunement Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Attunement Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
Attunement Counseling offers a unique blend of Mindfulness-based and IFS-informed mental health counseling. This integrative approach to mental health supports you in discovering a sustainable sense of wellness. Please visit www.AttunementCounseling.co to discover more and take the first step towards Living Your Best Life!
Attunement Counseling offers a unique blend of Mindfulness-based and IFS-informed mental health counseling. This integrative approach to mental health supports you in discovering a sustainable sense of wellness. Please visit www.AttunementCounseling.co to discover more and take the first step towards Living Your Best Life!
(720) 703-9307 View (720) 703-9307
Photo of Rebecca Finnoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Rebecca Finnoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
As a seasoned psychotherapist/life coach, I believe in our innate healing potential and guide my clients to unlock their internal wisdom, resilience and resources for healing. Somatic (body-centered), mindfulness-based approaches to holistic coaching and therapy, allow me to integrate my clinical training while tuning into intuition to effectively guide the unfolding healing process of my clients. Trauma-informed, holistic coaching and therapy allows for greater capacity to rewire the brain, which can make the unconscious conscious and shift your automatic reactive patterns and outdated beliefs, helping you to live your best life.
As a seasoned psychotherapist/life coach, I believe in our innate healing potential and guide my clients to unlock their internal wisdom, resilience and resources for healing. Somatic (body-centered), mindfulness-based approaches to holistic coaching and therapy, allow me to integrate my clinical training while tuning into intuition to effectively guide the unfolding healing process of my clients. Trauma-informed, holistic coaching and therapy allows for greater capacity to rewire the brain, which can make the unconscious conscious and shift your automatic reactive patterns and outdated beliefs, helping you to live your best life.
(720) 712-3946 View (720) 712-3946
Photo of Dr. Aerial Cetnar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Dr. Aerial Cetnar
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to make positive changes in your life, whether that be in the relationship with yourself and/or others? I know therapy can feel exceptionally vulnerable, but I also know it can be an invaluable and fulfilling experience. I want to support you through this process. My style is empathic, challenging, active, collaborative and inclusive of multicultural factors. I incorporate values of self-compassion, empowerment, resilience and nonjudgmental awareness.
Are you ready to make positive changes in your life, whether that be in the relationship with yourself and/or others? I know therapy can feel exceptionally vulnerable, but I also know it can be an invaluable and fulfilling experience. I want to support you through this process. My style is empathic, challenging, active, collaborative and inclusive of multicultural factors. I incorporate values of self-compassion, empowerment, resilience and nonjudgmental awareness.
(970) 517-3384 View (970) 517-3384
Photo of Denise Farris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boulder, CO
Denise Farris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
I am an LCSW with experience in working with both recent trauma, long-term and/or ongoing trauma, and crisis situations. I work with First Responders, Veterans, and adults to overcome the hiccups of life and find better ways of coping in order to be happier. I use a combination of evidence-based practice methods including EMDR, CBT, CPT, Trauma Informed Care, and Motivational Interviewing. I developed an Anger Management Class for the Incarcerated Veterans. I was a first responder in EMS for 23 years, so I have a different outlook on life.
I am an LCSW with experience in working with both recent trauma, long-term and/or ongoing trauma, and crisis situations. I work with First Responders, Veterans, and adults to overcome the hiccups of life and find better ways of coping in order to be happier. I use a combination of evidence-based practice methods including EMDR, CBT, CPT, Trauma Informed Care, and Motivational Interviewing. I developed an Anger Management Class for the Incarcerated Veterans. I was a first responder in EMS for 23 years, so I have a different outlook on life.
(720) 653-3003 View (720) 653-3003

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boulder, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Boulder, CO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Boulder, CO see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boulder?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.