Therapists in Oswego, IL

Photo of Steve Chambers, Counselor in Oswego, IL
Steve Chambers
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
I have 15 years of experience in assessing, treating, and advocating for people with emotional difficulties and feel strongly that each individual can make positive strides toward mental wellness with the proper, gentle approach. I also believe that the majority of treatment success stems from the therapeutic relationship built in a compassionate, trusting, and safe environment where clients feel comfortable to explore and resolve both short and long-term life struggles.
I have 15 years of experience in assessing, treating, and advocating for people with emotional difficulties and feel strongly that each individual can make positive strides toward mental wellness with the proper, gentle approach. I also believe that the majority of treatment success stems from the therapeutic relationship built in a compassionate, trusting, and safe environment where clients feel comfortable to explore and resolve both short and long-term life struggles.
(630) 280-3109 View (630) 280-3109
Photo of Tonja Jameson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Oswego, IL
Tonja Jameson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Tonja Jameson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2008. She graduated from Illinois State University with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology and went on to Olivette Nazarene University for their Cacrep Accredited three-year program for Master of Arts in Professional Counseling with an added certification in School Counseling. Always drawn to work serving others, Tonja was interested in counseling from a young age. As an adult practitioner she has worked with many state agencies, as well as private practice to have a wide range of experience.
Tonja Jameson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2008. She graduated from Illinois State University with a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology and went on to Olivette Nazarene University for their Cacrep Accredited three-year program for Master of Arts in Professional Counseling with an added certification in School Counseling. Always drawn to work serving others, Tonja was interested in counseling from a young age. As an adult practitioner she has worked with many state agencies, as well as private practice to have a wide range of experience.
(331) 241-6573 View (331) 241-6573
Photo of Dr. Eleni Malamis, Psychologist in Oswego, IL
Dr. Eleni Malamis
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
(331) 444-7455 View (331) 444-7455
Photo of Penelope Armstrong, Pre-Licensed Professional in Oswego, IL
Penelope Armstrong
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
I'm committed to creating a warm and supportive environment for your personal growth. With a deep appreciation for the intricacies of the human mind, I am here to accompany you on your journey toward self-discovery and healing. Every individual has a unique story, and I believe in the power of listening without judgment. Whether you're facing challenges, seeking personal development, or simply navigating life's complexities, I am here to provide a safe and empathetic space for you to express yourself. In a world where being truly heard can be a rarity, my commitment is to actively listen.
I'm committed to creating a warm and supportive environment for your personal growth. With a deep appreciation for the intricacies of the human mind, I am here to accompany you on your journey toward self-discovery and healing. Every individual has a unique story, and I believe in the power of listening without judgment. Whether you're facing challenges, seeking personal development, or simply navigating life's complexities, I am here to provide a safe and empathetic space for you to express yourself. In a world where being truly heard can be a rarity, my commitment is to actively listen.
(331) 253-4106 View (331) 253-4106
Photo of Raul Arambula, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Raul Arambula
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Raul S. Arambula, MSW, LCSW, is a compassionate Licensed Social Worker based in Illinois, dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey towards mental well-being. Armed with a Master’s of Social Work from Southern Illinois University, Raul specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to guide individuals through challenges including anxiety, depression, stress, coping skills, and self-esteem. Fluent in both English and Spanish, Raul possesses a profound understanding of the Latinx community and diverse cultures. This enables him to establish meaningful connections and provide culturally sensitive therapy.
Raul S. Arambula, MSW, LCSW, is a compassionate Licensed Social Worker based in Illinois, dedicated to empowering individuals on their journey towards mental well-being. Armed with a Master’s of Social Work from Southern Illinois University, Raul specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to guide individuals through challenges including anxiety, depression, stress, coping skills, and self-esteem. Fluent in both English and Spanish, Raul possesses a profound understanding of the Latinx community and diverse cultures. This enables him to establish meaningful connections and provide culturally sensitive therapy.
(331) 276-6276 View (331) 276-6276
Photo of Courtney M DeCarlo, Counselor in Oswego, IL
Courtney M DeCarlo
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
At Oswego/Plainfield Wellness we understand that psychological struggles can feel so isolating, yet are experienced by everyone at various points in our lives. We want to partner with you to create a treatment plan that encompasses the very idea of wellness--in all of the facets of your life that matter most to you. The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce your suffering, so that you can live your most meaningful and fulfilling life. We are happy to answer any of your questions to help decide if our practice could be beneficial to you.
At Oswego/Plainfield Wellness we understand that psychological struggles can feel so isolating, yet are experienced by everyone at various points in our lives. We want to partner with you to create a treatment plan that encompasses the very idea of wellness--in all of the facets of your life that matter most to you. The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce your suffering, so that you can live your most meaningful and fulfilling life. We are happy to answer any of your questions to help decide if our practice could be beneficial to you.
(773) 313-3212 View (773) 313-3212
Photo of Julia Malone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Julia Malone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP) It is important for me to make you feel welcomed and safe. Life has many challenges whether they are past or present that can feel overwhelming to deal with. I use a direct and client-centered approach with clients, I believe in challenge and working towards change. Each person is unique and deserves to be valued.
Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP). Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP) It is important for me to make you feel welcomed and safe. Life has many challenges whether they are past or present that can feel overwhelming to deal with. I use a direct and client-centered approach with clients, I believe in challenge and working towards change. Each person is unique and deserves to be valued.
(331) 207-9338 View (331) 207-9338
Photo of Melissa Murillo, Licensed Social Worker in Oswego, IL
Melissa Murillo
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW, CDVP, CTP
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Melissa Murillo is a bilingual Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in Illinois. Melissa attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, receiving her Bachelors of Social Work (BSW) and Masters of Social Worker (MSW) with a specialization in clinical mental health. Additionally, Melissa is a Certified Domestic Violence Professional(CDVP) and a Certified Trauma Professional (CTP).
Melissa Murillo is a bilingual Licensed Social Worker (LSW) in Illinois. Melissa attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, receiving her Bachelors of Social Work (BSW) and Masters of Social Worker (MSW) with a specialization in clinical mental health. Additionally, Melissa is a Certified Domestic Violence Professional(CDVP) and a Certified Trauma Professional (CTP).
(331) 260-0859 View (331) 260-0859
Photo of Goldenstein Psychological Services -GPS, Psychologist in Oswego, IL
Goldenstein Psychological Services -GPS
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Dr. Goldenstein’s experience within the mental health field began in 2001 and continued until completing his post-doctoral work in 2011. He's maintained independent professional licensure since while offering both assessment and therapy services to adults (i.e., 18+ y/o). His 17+ yrs of graduate level clinical experience includes forensic, neuropsychological, and clinical concerns across many settings, including 8yrs of private practice. He provides treatment for most adult psychological concerns. If you are looking for treatment focused on you and your needs, please contact him at your convenience.
Dr. Goldenstein’s experience within the mental health field began in 2001 and continued until completing his post-doctoral work in 2011. He's maintained independent professional licensure since while offering both assessment and therapy services to adults (i.e., 18+ y/o). His 17+ yrs of graduate level clinical experience includes forensic, neuropsychological, and clinical concerns across many settings, including 8yrs of private practice. He provides treatment for most adult psychological concerns. If you are looking for treatment focused on you and your needs, please contact him at your convenience.
(630) 749-9136 View (630) 749-9136
Photo of Touwanna Edwards, Psychologist in Oswego, IL
Touwanna Edwards
Psychologist, PsyD, CADC
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
As a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and a Certified Addictions Counselor, Dr. Touwanna Edwards specializes in family-based interventions for adults, couples therapy, issues of diversity, and addictions. Her practice includes treating anxiety, depression, grief, personality disorders, codependency traits, self-esteem, transitional stages in life, addiction maintenance, and recovery. Additionally, she is an alumna of the Chicago area Christian Training Consortium where she received specialized clinical training in the integration of faith-based practice and psychology.
As a Licensed Clinical Psychologist and a Certified Addictions Counselor, Dr. Touwanna Edwards specializes in family-based interventions for adults, couples therapy, issues of diversity, and addictions. Her practice includes treating anxiety, depression, grief, personality disorders, codependency traits, self-esteem, transitional stages in life, addiction maintenance, and recovery. Additionally, she is an alumna of the Chicago area Christian Training Consortium where she received specialized clinical training in the integration of faith-based practice and psychology.
(331) 246-1418 View (331) 246-1418
Photo of Elise Pullen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Elise Pullen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
I love working with many different populations. My therapy style is more directive; I ask questions, gently challenge (when necessary), and offer feedback. While my preferred clients are the elderly, those experiencing grief and loss, and those with Borderline Personality Disorder, I also treat many mood disorders as well as provide couples and family therapy. I have also treated domestic violence victims, people with severe and chronic mental illness, and people struggling with daily stress or life transitions. I'm also a lesbian, so familiar with and accepting of queer populations, and I am a fat-positive provider.
I love working with many different populations. My therapy style is more directive; I ask questions, gently challenge (when necessary), and offer feedback. While my preferred clients are the elderly, those experiencing grief and loss, and those with Borderline Personality Disorder, I also treat many mood disorders as well as provide couples and family therapy. I have also treated domestic violence victims, people with severe and chronic mental illness, and people struggling with daily stress or life transitions. I'm also a lesbian, so familiar with and accepting of queer populations, and I am a fat-positive provider.
(331) 244-5643 View (331) 244-5643
Photo of Matthew Graden, Counselor in Oswego, IL
Matthew Graden
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Pronouns: he/they. I have master's degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Northern Illinois University, where I studied counseling and education. I hold the credentials of Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) and Professional Educator License (PEL) in Illinois. I am also a National Certified Counselor (NCC) by the National Board for Certified Counselors. I have helped people with their personal growth, mental health, and wellness in inpatient, outpatient, and educational settings.
Pronouns: he/they. I have master's degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Northern Illinois University, where I studied counseling and education. I hold the credentials of Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) and Professional Educator License (PEL) in Illinois. I am also a National Certified Counselor (NCC) by the National Board for Certified Counselors. I have helped people with their personal growth, mental health, and wellness in inpatient, outpatient, and educational settings.
(331) 245-3793 View (331) 245-3793
Photo of Kyle Fiore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Kyle Fiore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Kyle Fiore is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2022. Kyle takes a no-nonsense approach to helping his clients. He is empathetic and soothing. Kyle tries to bring humor and his genuine self into sessions. His clinical interests include helping others struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, emerging adulthood, and gaming culture. Kyle is confident that, together, he can help you heal and help you move forward in life differently. His therapeutic style is firmly rooted in a client-centered approach.
Kyle Fiore is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2022. Kyle takes a no-nonsense approach to helping his clients. He is empathetic and soothing. Kyle tries to bring humor and his genuine self into sessions. His clinical interests include helping others struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, emerging adulthood, and gaming culture. Kyle is confident that, together, he can help you heal and help you move forward in life differently. His therapeutic style is firmly rooted in a client-centered approach.
(331) 235-9007 View (331) 235-9007
Photo of Mindy M Burkhamer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Mindy M Burkhamer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PEL, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
Accepting New Clients! Do you find yourself carrying an emotional weight that seems to get heavier each day without really understanding what it is, or why? The tremendous emotional impact of the environmental and societal events over the last couple of years has been staggering. The rollercoaster of emotions that come with the grief of losing what was seen as normal and dependable, can make you feel like your world has been turned upside down.
Accepting New Clients! Do you find yourself carrying an emotional weight that seems to get heavier each day without really understanding what it is, or why? The tremendous emotional impact of the environmental and societal events over the last couple of years has been staggering. The rollercoaster of emotions that come with the grief of losing what was seen as normal and dependable, can make you feel like your world has been turned upside down.
(331) 226-1794 View (331) 226-1794
Photo of Inner Fire Counseling, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oswego, IL
Inner Fire Counseling, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
Not accepting new clients
I have extensive experience providing therapy to adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. I believe in the mind and body's ability to heal and bring you closer to health and wholeness. With pre-teens/adolescents, my collaborative approach incorporates the entire family as a healing agent. With adults and couples, I assist the self exploration process with the goal of helping you achieve desired changes. My strengths include adapting to a broad spectrum of individuals and identifying ways to help them progress forward.
I have extensive experience providing therapy to adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. I believe in the mind and body's ability to heal and bring you closer to health and wholeness. With pre-teens/adolescents, my collaborative approach incorporates the entire family as a healing agent. With adults and couples, I assist the self exploration process with the goal of helping you achieve desired changes. My strengths include adapting to a broad spectrum of individuals and identifying ways to help them progress forward.
(630) 581-8931 View (630) 581-8931
Photo of Heather A Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Heather A Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
At Oswego Wellness we understand that psychological struggles can feel so isolating, yet are experienced by everyone at various points in our lives. We want to partner with you to create a treatment plan that encompasses the very idea of wellness--in all of the facets of your life that matter most to you. The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce your suffering, so that you can live your most meaningful and fulfilling life. We are happy to answer any of your questions to help decide if our practice could be beneficial to you.
At Oswego Wellness we understand that psychological struggles can feel so isolating, yet are experienced by everyone at various points in our lives. We want to partner with you to create a treatment plan that encompasses the very idea of wellness--in all of the facets of your life that matter most to you. The ultimate goal of treatment is to reduce your suffering, so that you can live your most meaningful and fulfilling life. We are happy to answer any of your questions to help decide if our practice could be beneficial to you.
(630) 313-2696 View (630) 313-2696
Photo of Morgan Hacker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Morgan Hacker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oswego, IL 60543
I believe in the power of self-awareness and personal growth, and am dedicated to helping clients develop the tools they need to navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength. Therapy is a collaborative process, where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental space. I have experience working with children/youth with special healthcare needs; and have worked closely with other professionals such as Speech Therapists, Occupational Therapists, Specialty Physicians and Schools to provide a holistic approach.
I believe in the power of self-awareness and personal growth, and am dedicated to helping clients develop the tools they need to navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength. Therapy is a collaborative process, where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental space. I have experience working with children/youth with special healthcare needs; and have worked closely with other professionals such as Speech Therapists, Occupational Therapists, Specialty Physicians and Schools to provide a holistic approach.
(331) 260-0731 x101 View (331) 260-0731 x101
Photo of Lisa Bertellotti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oswego, IL
Lisa Bertellotti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
I believe that every individual is on their own unique journey. At times we may get caught up in life’s challenges, transitions, or struggles and need assistance in getting back to a state of optimal health and well-being. With a blend of traditional and holistic approaches, I empower clients with the tools and skills needed to continue on their current path or help them find the strength and courage to create a new one. As a Certified Integrative Mental Health Medicine Provider, I also can perform comprehensive well being assessments and health plans at the client's request.
I believe that every individual is on their own unique journey. At times we may get caught up in life’s challenges, transitions, or struggles and need assistance in getting back to a state of optimal health and well-being. With a blend of traditional and holistic approaches, I empower clients with the tools and skills needed to continue on their current path or help them find the strength and courage to create a new one. As a Certified Integrative Mental Health Medicine Provider, I also can perform comprehensive well being assessments and health plans at the client's request.
(331) 241-6822 View (331) 241-6822
Photo of Katie Kemmerling (She Her), Marriage & Family Therapist in Oswego, IL
Katie Kemmerling (She Her)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Psychotherapy is about growth, expansion, and evolution, in addition to healing from painful experiences. Seeking support through psychotherapy as a strength. My aim and purpose as your therapist is to cultivate a collaborative therapeutic alliance meant to empower, foster self-compassion, and promote and motivate change. My enthusiastic and relaxed style encourages clients to address concerns with freedom and non judgement.
Psychotherapy is about growth, expansion, and evolution, in addition to healing from painful experiences. Seeking support through psychotherapy as a strength. My aim and purpose as your therapist is to cultivate a collaborative therapeutic alliance meant to empower, foster self-compassion, and promote and motivate change. My enthusiastic and relaxed style encourages clients to address concerns with freedom and non judgement.
(630) 608-4555 View (630) 608-4555
Megan Schauner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
I am passionate about working with individuals to achieve their goals and improving their lives. Change can be difficult, but you and I will work together in developing an individualized plan of support to meet your needs. I have extensive experience working with a wide range of issues from Eating Disorders, DepressionSelf Worth, Anxiety, and Crisis Situations in a variety of settings. I am trained in variety of modalities including Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) which I use to tailor a unique approach for you.
I am passionate about working with individuals to achieve their goals and improving their lives. Change can be difficult, but you and I will work together in developing an individualized plan of support to meet your needs. I have extensive experience working with a wide range of issues from Eating Disorders, DepressionSelf Worth, Anxiety, and Crisis Situations in a variety of settings. I am trained in variety of modalities including Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) which I use to tailor a unique approach for you.
(331) 207-1516 View (331) 207-1516

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oswego, IL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Oswego, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
72% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
61% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

99% BlueCross and BlueShield
81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Oswego, IL see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oswego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.