Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Ashley Schultz Henricksen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Ashley Schultz Henricksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Is your inner critic the loudest voice in your head? Are you feeling overwhelmed by your emotions or stuck? Being human can be incredibly difficult. It can also be incredibly beautiful. Do you find yourself losing sight of the beautiful parts? I work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and difficulty with their self-esteem to overcome these experiences and build a life that is more satisfying and in line with their values.
Is your inner critic the loudest voice in your head? Are you feeling overwhelmed by your emotions or stuck? Being human can be incredibly difficult. It can also be incredibly beautiful. Do you find yourself losing sight of the beautiful parts? I work with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and difficulty with their self-esteem to overcome these experiences and build a life that is more satisfying and in line with their values.
(952) 592-0705 View (952) 592-0705
Photo of Ben Dieffenbach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Ben Dieffenbach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
When was the last time you had a good laugh? Or felt like your brain was calm? Or felt really confident that you were running your own life; not your anxiety, or obsessive thoughts, or big emotions. If it feels like it's been a while since you could actually enjoy life, then maybe it's a good thing you're here. Therapy can seem like a really serious thing to jump into. It is! It doesn't need to feel that way though. It's possible to do hard things, face the fears and anxieties that keep you stuck, and grow into the person you want to be. You can do all of that, and it can even be fun. Enjoyable. Something you look forward to.
When was the last time you had a good laugh? Or felt like your brain was calm? Or felt really confident that you were running your own life; not your anxiety, or obsessive thoughts, or big emotions. If it feels like it's been a while since you could actually enjoy life, then maybe it's a good thing you're here. Therapy can seem like a really serious thing to jump into. It is! It doesn't need to feel that way though. It's possible to do hard things, face the fears and anxieties that keep you stuck, and grow into the person you want to be. You can do all of that, and it can even be fun. Enjoyable. Something you look forward to.
(651) 538-2567 View (651) 538-2567
Photo of Michael Sadowsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Michael Sadowsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, MAHS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Waitlist for new clients
I am a clinical social worker with an integrative and holistic approach to psychotherapy. My therapy practice is rooted in mindfulness, CBT and DBT approaches, EMDR, and contemporary Psychodynamic therapy. I also draw from the mind-body connection, spirituality, social/cultural influences, neuroscience, and compassion. My background is in social work, which gives me a social justice lens and awareness of how societal factors like inequality and discrimination can affect mental health. I primarily provide psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy/Ketamine assisted psychotherapy at Intero Psychedelic Therapy in St. Paul, MN.
I am a clinical social worker with an integrative and holistic approach to psychotherapy. My therapy practice is rooted in mindfulness, CBT and DBT approaches, EMDR, and contemporary Psychodynamic therapy. I also draw from the mind-body connection, spirituality, social/cultural influences, neuroscience, and compassion. My background is in social work, which gives me a social justice lens and awareness of how societal factors like inequality and discrimination can affect mental health. I primarily provide psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy/Ketamine assisted psychotherapy at Intero Psychedelic Therapy in St. Paul, MN.
(651) 299-6577 View (651) 299-6577
Photo of Brownell Fransen Hilger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Brownell Fransen Hilger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
TELEHEALTH provider only currently. People choose to go to therapy for a variety of reasons. Choosing a therapist can be intimidating and difficult. Being able to trust someone with your secrets is key to developing a good therapeutic relationship. I believe that everyone is able to change if they are willing to do the work. I provide a caring, supportive and empowering environment in which to work on the healing process. I approach life from a strengths based perspective and believe in assuming positive intentions.
TELEHEALTH provider only currently. People choose to go to therapy for a variety of reasons. Choosing a therapist can be intimidating and difficult. Being able to trust someone with your secrets is key to developing a good therapeutic relationship. I believe that everyone is able to change if they are willing to do the work. I provide a caring, supportive and empowering environment in which to work on the healing process. I approach life from a strengths based perspective and believe in assuming positive intentions.
(612) 255-4536 View (612) 255-4536
Photo of Hannah Rogak, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Hannah Rogak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Not accepting new clients
As my profile states, I am unable to start with new clients at this time- Sometimes people miss that when they message me and I want to be clear! The people I enjoy working with most are the ones who aren't sure therapy is for them, or haven't had great experiences in the past. I get what it's like for therapy not to go well. Maybe they're nervous I'll side with their spouse. Maybe they're worried it'll be too much too fast. The best part of my job is discovering the unique stories of each person who comes into my office, then developing a relationship to support their progress towards a more comfortable, resilient way of living.
As my profile states, I am unable to start with new clients at this time- Sometimes people miss that when they message me and I want to be clear! The people I enjoy working with most are the ones who aren't sure therapy is for them, or haven't had great experiences in the past. I get what it's like for therapy not to go well. Maybe they're nervous I'll side with their spouse. Maybe they're worried it'll be too much too fast. The best part of my job is discovering the unique stories of each person who comes into my office, then developing a relationship to support their progress towards a more comfortable, resilient way of living.
(320) 348-7513 View (320) 348-7513
Photo of Jesus Calvillo, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Jesus Calvillo
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Welcome and peace to you as you begin this healing journey. I imagine this may be a trying time as you may be feeling happy some moments while devastated at others. Do not push yourself to resolve whatever hurt you may be carrying at this moment and instead be gentle with yourself and trust in your own extraordinary power to heal. Know that you are not alone as we all struggle with something and we are all working through it. You have taken the first big step and for that I commend you.
Welcome and peace to you as you begin this healing journey. I imagine this may be a trying time as you may be feeling happy some moments while devastated at others. Do not push yourself to resolve whatever hurt you may be carrying at this moment and instead be gentle with yourself and trust in your own extraordinary power to heal. Know that you are not alone as we all struggle with something and we are all working through it. You have taken the first big step and for that I commend you.
(612) 255-1846 View (612) 255-1846
Photo of Tesni Sunne, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Tesni Sunne
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55117
I derive joy and meaning from helping people access their brilliant capacities for healing. My specialties are couples therapy, anxiety/OCD, chronic illness, recovery from relationship abuse, and adjustment through other changes. Each of these concerns involve journeys of re-becoming, and I help clients along these journeys with compassion, honesty, and intelligence. Even in the midst of distress and doubt, the possibilities for the journey hold so much hope.
I derive joy and meaning from helping people access their brilliant capacities for healing. My specialties are couples therapy, anxiety/OCD, chronic illness, recovery from relationship abuse, and adjustment through other changes. Each of these concerns involve journeys of re-becoming, and I help clients along these journeys with compassion, honesty, and intelligence. Even in the midst of distress and doubt, the possibilities for the journey hold so much hope.
(651) 661-2667 View (651) 661-2667
Photo of Beth Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Beth Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55112
I have over 15 years experience working with individuals as they navigate life’s ups and downs. I am a seasoned therapist in helping clients emerge from feeling discontent and not quite sure knowing what to do to finding direction and feeling empowered. Maybe you feel like the familiar roles that once provided comfort are now holding you back from embracing your true self. Or maybe you’re going through a big transition and what is next feels scary and overwhelming. Divorce? Midlife? Menopause? Empty nest? These can be scary transitions that are full of potential and growth!
I have over 15 years experience working with individuals as they navigate life’s ups and downs. I am a seasoned therapist in helping clients emerge from feeling discontent and not quite sure knowing what to do to finding direction and feeling empowered. Maybe you feel like the familiar roles that once provided comfort are now holding you back from embracing your true self. Or maybe you’re going through a big transition and what is next feels scary and overwhelming. Divorce? Midlife? Menopause? Empty nest? These can be scary transitions that are full of potential and growth!
(952) 955-9331 View (952) 955-9331
Photo of Holly Tofanelli, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Holly Tofanelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105  (Online Only)
Holly holds a master's degree from the Minnesota School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University. She welcomes working with adults, teens, couples, and families regarding relationship conflicts, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, substance abuse, communication, addictive behaviors, aggression, GLBT issues, parenting and emotional dysregulation. As a group facilitator, Holly is both dynamic and engaging. She is trained in Brainspotting, EMDR, Gottman method, as as well as Aggression Replacement Training. Holly has also worked with Alzheimer's/Dementia, and family caregivers at the University of Minnesota and Fairview Hospital.
Holly holds a master's degree from the Minnesota School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University. She welcomes working with adults, teens, couples, and families regarding relationship conflicts, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, substance abuse, communication, addictive behaviors, aggression, GLBT issues, parenting and emotional dysregulation. As a group facilitator, Holly is both dynamic and engaging. She is trained in Brainspotting, EMDR, Gottman method, as as well as Aggression Replacement Training. Holly has also worked with Alzheimer's/Dementia, and family caregivers at the University of Minnesota and Fairview Hospital.
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Photo of William Schultz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
William Schultz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Wondering if you have OCD? Looking for OCD treatment (such as ERP)? Signs of OCD include anxiously asking "What if..." questions like: What if I contact a germ in the environment? What if I left the stove on? What if I hit someone with my car? What if I uncontrollably do something terrible? What if something bad happens to my baby? What if I can't trust my memory? If these questions are frequently on your mind (especially if you're often anxious, repetitively check, seek reassurance, or avoid situations most others don't), you could be experiencing symptoms of OCD, a form of anxiety which can take over your life.
Wondering if you have OCD? Looking for OCD treatment (such as ERP)? Signs of OCD include anxiously asking "What if..." questions like: What if I contact a germ in the environment? What if I left the stove on? What if I hit someone with my car? What if I uncontrollably do something terrible? What if something bad happens to my baby? What if I can't trust my memory? If these questions are frequently on your mind (especially if you're often anxious, repetitively check, seek reassurance, or avoid situations most others don't), you could be experiencing symptoms of OCD, a form of anxiety which can take over your life.
(651) 927-7939 View (651) 927-7939
Photo of Emily K C Wood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Emily K C Wood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Emily believes in collaborating with her clients to enhance resiliency, increase self-acceptance, and emotion regulation. Emily sees individuals ages 13 through adulthood. Emily is a certified Perinatal Mental Health Counselor (PMH-C) and has a special interest helping people journey through the perinatal experience. She can provide individual therapy, couples therapy, and parent coaching.
Emily believes in collaborating with her clients to enhance resiliency, increase self-acceptance, and emotion regulation. Emily sees individuals ages 13 through adulthood. Emily is a certified Perinatal Mental Health Counselor (PMH-C) and has a special interest helping people journey through the perinatal experience. She can provide individual therapy, couples therapy, and parent coaching.
(651) 661-3525 View (651) 661-3525
Photo of Shoshana Koch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Shoshana Koch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
Pursuing therapy is a courageous act and I'm honored to hold space for this vital work. Common challenges I navigate with people include depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma/complex trauma, substance use disorders, process addictions, and life transitions. Employing holistic approaches rooted in mindfulness, body-centered modalities, and compassion-focused therapy, my aim as a clinician is to support people in uncovering their own answers by tapping into their innate capacity for repair and thriving. When applicable, I apply my Yoga teacher certification and Ayurvedic health coaching to certain treatment goals.
Pursuing therapy is a courageous act and I'm honored to hold space for this vital work. Common challenges I navigate with people include depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma/complex trauma, substance use disorders, process addictions, and life transitions. Employing holistic approaches rooted in mindfulness, body-centered modalities, and compassion-focused therapy, my aim as a clinician is to support people in uncovering their own answers by tapping into their innate capacity for repair and thriving. When applicable, I apply my Yoga teacher certification and Ayurvedic health coaching to certain treatment goals.
(651) 409-6266 View (651) 409-6266
Photo of Martin J Schoen, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Martin J Schoen
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55113
I'm a psychologist who makes house calls and, therefore, assist people with a wide variety of problematic situations. I have 34 years in the field of mental health counseling and consulting. My practice consists of home- and community based visits during the afternoons and evenings, and consulting in the community in institutional settings.
I'm a psychologist who makes house calls and, therefore, assist people with a wide variety of problematic situations. I have 34 years in the field of mental health counseling and consulting. My practice consists of home- and community based visits during the afternoons and evenings, and consulting in the community in institutional settings.
(651) 356-6244 View (651) 356-6244
Photo of Sonja Kromroy, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Sonja Kromroy
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
As a therapist I see how powerful the mind-body connection can be, not only in how we live our lives, but also how we respond to challenges and interact with others. We are not always able to choose the obstacles in life but I do believe we can work towards responding to them in ways that help us feel empowered and confident. By listening to and understanding our thoughts, feelings and physical sensations we are more effectively able to navigate life and choose paths that better suit our values.
As a therapist I see how powerful the mind-body connection can be, not only in how we live our lives, but also how we respond to challenges and interact with others. We are not always able to choose the obstacles in life but I do believe we can work towards responding to them in ways that help us feel empowered and confident. By listening to and understanding our thoughts, feelings and physical sensations we are more effectively able to navigate life and choose paths that better suit our values.
(651) 571-4061 View (651) 571-4061
Photo of Modern Attunement Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Modern Attunement Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
I focus on attunement, naming my practice Modern Attunement to align with my belief that intimacy and growth grow from a place from being attuned to our gut instinct, the people that we share our life with. Attunement comes from being in the present, accepting the tension of intimacy in being known and knowing.
I focus on attunement, naming my practice Modern Attunement to align with my belief that intimacy and growth grow from a place from being attuned to our gut instinct, the people that we share our life with. Attunement comes from being in the present, accepting the tension of intimacy in being known and knowing.
(651) 409-3079 View (651) 409-3079
Photo of Lindsay Ramirez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Lindsay Ramirez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Congratulations on taking the first steps towards better mental health. I have over 14 years of experience helping individuals living with mental health disorders develop coping strategies, find balance, and experience peace. I look forward to supporting you in creating lasting and effective change. My practice emphasizes dignity and self determination for every individual seeking recovery, balance, and well being.
Congratulations on taking the first steps towards better mental health. I have over 14 years of experience helping individuals living with mental health disorders develop coping strategies, find balance, and experience peace. I look forward to supporting you in creating lasting and effective change. My practice emphasizes dignity and self determination for every individual seeking recovery, balance, and well being.
(651) 661-2729 View (651) 661-2729
Photo of Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Katia R. Lopez-Petrovich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, NCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist/Bilingual Psychotherapist focused on providing a range of services for the community including Individual and Family Therapy for Adolescents and Adults. I am not only bilingual (Spanish Language) but fully bicultural as well. I have an experience of more of 15 years. My areas of clinical specialty are mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, abuse and neglect issues, attachment trauma, acculturation issues, women's issues, post-partum depression, infertility grief & loss, multicultural family adjustments and parenting.
(612) 400-7668 View (612) 400-7668
Photo of Laura Battaglia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Laura Battaglia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
You're feeling stuck in a pattern that isn't working anymore, struggling at work or in your relationships, having difficulty reaching a meaningful goal, or are working to find direction or purpose in your life. After a series of challenges, you may notice that your old coping strategies are not working in the ways you expect, and you are interested in a new perspective and tools. My clients seek and discover new understanding of themselves, their emotional reactions, and their values through the process of therapy.
You're feeling stuck in a pattern that isn't working anymore, struggling at work or in your relationships, having difficulty reaching a meaningful goal, or are working to find direction or purpose in your life. After a series of challenges, you may notice that your old coping strategies are not working in the ways you expect, and you are interested in a new perspective and tools. My clients seek and discover new understanding of themselves, their emotional reactions, and their values through the process of therapy.
(952) 243-3947 View (952) 243-3947
Photo of Calm Reflections Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Calm Reflections Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
We can work together to understand the significance of your personal challenges and how they are affecting your overall quality of life. My primary goal is to listen carefully to you so I can help you identify what beliefs, issues and circumstances are interfering with your own ability to resolve the struggles you are facing. I will provide a comfortable space for you to share your story and help you find clarity and insight.
We can work together to understand the significance of your personal challenges and how they are affecting your overall quality of life. My primary goal is to listen carefully to you so I can help you identify what beliefs, issues and circumstances are interfering with your own ability to resolve the struggles you are facing. I will provide a comfortable space for you to share your story and help you find clarity and insight.
(651) 564-9557 View (651) 564-9557
Photo of Angel Benes in Saint Paul, MN
Angel Benes
MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55106
Are you struggling with sadness, fatigue, and/or negative messages running a loop in your head? Do you worry about anything and everything? Have you lost a loved one and struggle to find happiness? Are there addiction concerns? Know that you can learn to manage these issues.
Are you struggling with sadness, fatigue, and/or negative messages running a loop in your head? Do you worry about anything and everything? Have you lost a loved one and struggle to find happiness? Are there addiction concerns? Know that you can learn to manage these issues.
(651) 409-4859 View (651) 409-4859

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.