Therapists in New York, NY

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Jeremy Kyle Medina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is flexible to suit my client's needs. I specialize in using evidence based practices(CBT/DBT) and relational therapy to address issues such as relationship issues, behavioral issues, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD, and more. You can expect authenticity and transparency in my work to help find method
My approach to therapy is flexible to suit my client's needs. I specialize in using evidence based practices(CBT/DBT) and relational therapy to address issues such as relationship issues, behavioral issues, anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD, and more. You can expect authenticity and transparency in my work to help find method
(646) 760-8350 View (646) 760-8350
Photo of Katya Gruzglina in New York, NY
Katya Gruzglina
MA, MFT-A
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Whether you’re feeling disconnected from your partner or yourself, need support through major life transitions, or are struggling with relationships decisions or mood disorders, I’ll meet you with curiosity, empathy, and without judgement. Together we’ll explore the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that keep you on a loop, and move through them with compassion so that you can build a rich life with meaningful connections to yourself and those around you. I work with couples and individuals to gain a deeper awareness of their own experiences to build greater agency in their lives.
Whether you’re feeling disconnected from your partner or yourself, need support through major life transitions, or are struggling with relationships decisions or mood disorders, I’ll meet you with curiosity, empathy, and without judgement. Together we’ll explore the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that keep you on a loop, and move through them with compassion so that you can build a rich life with meaningful connections to yourself and those around you. I work with couples and individuals to gain a deeper awareness of their own experiences to build greater agency in their lives.
(646) 827-3052 View (646) 827-3052
Photo of Julia Nourok, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Julia Nourok
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031  (Online Only)
I believe we all have a core self and a purpose. Many individuals, however, are blocked by depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as low self-esteem, substance abuse, and eating disorders. I am an LCSW with a certificate from the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center. I have extensive experience working with adults from various cultural and socio-economic backgrounds and have treated individuals diagnosed with everything from bipolar to borderline personality disorder.
I believe we all have a core self and a purpose. Many individuals, however, are blocked by depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as low self-esteem, substance abuse, and eating disorders. I am an LCSW with a certificate from the Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Study Center. I have extensive experience working with adults from various cultural and socio-economic backgrounds and have treated individuals diagnosed with everything from bipolar to borderline personality disorder.
(646) 692-0358 View (646) 692-0358
Photo of Sarah Winkler, MHC-LP in New York, NY
Sarah Winkler, MHC-LP
MS, MHC-LP
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Hello!  I’m Sarah, a trained Mental Health Counselor, serving children, teens, and adults. I believe people have the amazing ability to heal their emotional wounds with the support of a caring person. At times, life is challenging for everyone though you are not alone. Sometimes, life challenges can interrupt our thoughts, feelings and behaviors in how we interact with family, friends and others in the community. I take a person-centered approach that empowers my clients to navigate life transitions with confidence. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), we will work together to heal your symptoms in practical ways.
Hello!  I’m Sarah, a trained Mental Health Counselor, serving children, teens, and adults. I believe people have the amazing ability to heal their emotional wounds with the support of a caring person. At times, life is challenging for everyone though you are not alone. Sometimes, life challenges can interrupt our thoughts, feelings and behaviors in how we interact with family, friends and others in the community. I take a person-centered approach that empowers my clients to navigate life transitions with confidence. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), we will work together to heal your symptoms in practical ways.
(646) 603-1959 View (646) 603-1959
Photo of Donna Silbert, Psychologist in New York, NY
Donna Silbert
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025  (Online Only)
I have over 25 years of experience treating adults and adolescents in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy. During the the COVID pandemic, I'm seeing patients virtually through tele-medicine, on some kind of screen or phone. I specialize in helping people with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues; sexual problems; addictions; and in treating survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
I have over 25 years of experience treating adults and adolescents in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy. During the the COVID pandemic, I'm seeing patients virtually through tele-medicine, on some kind of screen or phone. I specialize in helping people with depression, anxiety, and relationship issues; sexual problems; addictions; and in treating survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
(646) 351-1994 View (646) 351-1994
Photo of Kimber Riddle, Licensed Psychoanalyst in New York, NY
Kimber Riddle
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MFA, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
You've worked tirelessly to achieve success, and you're finally here. You have a lucrative career, a nice home and by all appearances you're living the dream. People look at you and think you have it all together so why don't I feel happy or whole? You feel anxious with a steady stream of negative self-talk. You've stopped seeing friends as much and your romantic relationships never last long. You've sacrificed so much in the name of success, but now you're wondering what was any of it for. There's a constant voice in your head criticizing every choice that got you here. You're wondering if you're destined to feel this way forever.
You've worked tirelessly to achieve success, and you're finally here. You have a lucrative career, a nice home and by all appearances you're living the dream. People look at you and think you have it all together so why don't I feel happy or whole? You feel anxious with a steady stream of negative self-talk. You've stopped seeing friends as much and your romantic relationships never last long. You've sacrificed so much in the name of success, but now you're wondering what was any of it for. There's a constant voice in your head criticizing every choice that got you here. You're wondering if you're destined to feel this way forever.
(332) 239-5043 View (332) 239-5043
Photo of Megan Gewitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Megan Gewitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019
Welcome! For over 15 years I have supported adults with borderline personality disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, self harm, suicidality, emotional dysregulation, addiction and eating disorders. I am passionate about helping clients like you experience both symptom relief and true healing through therapy tailored to your unique needs. Using dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), Ketamine Assisted Therapy (KAP), Internal Family Systems (IFS) and somatic therapy, we work together to develop strategies to build your "life worth living" and find true healing from the misery caused by complex trauma.
Welcome! For over 15 years I have supported adults with borderline personality disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, self harm, suicidality, emotional dysregulation, addiction and eating disorders. I am passionate about helping clients like you experience both symptom relief and true healing through therapy tailored to your unique needs. Using dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), Ketamine Assisted Therapy (KAP), Internal Family Systems (IFS) and somatic therapy, we work together to develop strategies to build your "life worth living" and find true healing from the misery caused by complex trauma.
(917) 382-9183 View (917) 382-9183
Photo of Dorothy Brand, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dorothy Brand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Therapy can help ... whether with a crisis, ongoing issues like anxiety or depression, or just a vague feeling that "I want more from life!" ... therapy provides a safe haven, and a skilled partner to help you find your way through life's struggles. Therapy can also be a great opportunity - a chance to get to know yourself in ways that few of us do in our day-to-day lives. Knowledge is a powerful tool, and understanding yourself more completely can give you the awareness needed to make better choices.
Therapy can help ... whether with a crisis, ongoing issues like anxiety or depression, or just a vague feeling that "I want more from life!" ... therapy provides a safe haven, and a skilled partner to help you find your way through life's struggles. Therapy can also be a great opportunity - a chance to get to know yourself in ways that few of us do in our day-to-day lives. Knowledge is a powerful tool, and understanding yourself more completely can give you the awareness needed to make better choices.
(646) 350-0413 View (646) 350-0413
Photo of Jed Turnbull, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Jed Turnbull
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CHT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Any form of psychotherapy must be guided by one overarching purpose: to help you achieve your goals. Treatment alleviates distress and results in greater inner strength. Accordingly, therapy must be a constructive experience, and as work proceeds, you'll experience advances in your sense of well-being. On the whole, expect an upward trend of hope and greater self-esteem. Your capacity for intimacy with others and your sense of fulfillment will increase, concomitant with a decrease in suffering and pain. Psychotherapy helps to establish a profound, meaningful and healthy sense of connectedness with your world and those in it.
Any form of psychotherapy must be guided by one overarching purpose: to help you achieve your goals. Treatment alleviates distress and results in greater inner strength. Accordingly, therapy must be a constructive experience, and as work proceeds, you'll experience advances in your sense of well-being. On the whole, expect an upward trend of hope and greater self-esteem. Your capacity for intimacy with others and your sense of fulfillment will increase, concomitant with a decrease in suffering and pain. Psychotherapy helps to establish a profound, meaningful and healthy sense of connectedness with your world and those in it.
(917) 746-5189 View (917) 746-5189
Photo of Oksana Isakharov, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in New York, NY
Oksana Isakharov
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10036  (Online Only)
As a clinician at Avita PsyCare, I help my clients in healing various emotional blockages, such as excessive sadness or grief and chronic worry resulting from previous traumatic experiences. I am especially passionate about working with individuals, couples and families to identify and work to resolve any underlying disruptors to having healthy and supportive relationships. Having a unique perspective, and collaboratively, I help clients who are experiencing difficulties in acculturation and provide a special and safe place to discuss stressors related to immigration and resettlement.
As a clinician at Avita PsyCare, I help my clients in healing various emotional blockages, such as excessive sadness or grief and chronic worry resulting from previous traumatic experiences. I am especially passionate about working with individuals, couples and families to identify and work to resolve any underlying disruptors to having healthy and supportive relationships. Having a unique perspective, and collaboratively, I help clients who are experiencing difficulties in acculturation and provide a special and safe place to discuss stressors related to immigration and resettlement.
(201) 552-3616 x705 View (201) 552-3616 x705
Photo of Kelly Corbine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kelly Corbine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have been in the field for over 30 years. I bring my experience, training and authentic self to the therapeutic experience. I am a laid back, knowledgeable, devoted mom, woman, and therapist that is passionate about my roles and helping people.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have been in the field for over 30 years. I bring my experience, training and authentic self to the therapeutic experience. I am a laid back, knowledgeable, devoted mom, woman, and therapist that is passionate about my roles and helping people.
(646) 832-3947 View (646) 832-3947
Photo of William Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
William Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
'...Go to your bosom; knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know.' (Isabella in "Measure for Measure", Act II, scene 2.) William Parker has been a practicing psychotherapist for over 20 years. He is a former faculty member of The Training Institute for Mental Health Professionals in Manhattan. In addition to his psychodynamically oriented private practice, Mr. Parker is responsible for the training and supervision of other psychotherapists. He has lectured extensively in public and clinical forums on intuitive processes.
'...Go to your bosom; knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know.' (Isabella in "Measure for Measure", Act II, scene 2.) William Parker has been a practicing psychotherapist for over 20 years. He is a former faculty member of The Training Institute for Mental Health Professionals in Manhattan. In addition to his psychodynamically oriented private practice, Mr. Parker is responsible for the training and supervision of other psychotherapists. He has lectured extensively in public and clinical forums on intuitive processes.
(646) 583-1094 View (646) 583-1094
Photo of Kevin Rustam, Psychologist in New York, NY
Kevin Rustam
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. Perhaps you feel overwhelmed by negative emotions or adverse life events. Perhaps you find yourself lacking fulfillment in one or more areas of your life. Whether you are facing present-day stressors or coping with difficulties of a more enduring nature, I work with you collaboratively to get to the root of your concerns. This journey of self-discovery may help you become more in tune with your emotional experiences, feel more empowered, and engage more satisfyingly in life's pursuits.
Hello and welcome. Perhaps you feel overwhelmed by negative emotions or adverse life events. Perhaps you find yourself lacking fulfillment in one or more areas of your life. Whether you are facing present-day stressors or coping with difficulties of a more enduring nature, I work with you collaboratively to get to the root of your concerns. This journey of self-discovery may help you become more in tune with your emotional experiences, feel more empowered, and engage more satisfyingly in life's pursuits.
(929) 430-2955 View (929) 430-2955
Photo of Yanli Liang, Psychologist in New York, NY
Yanli Liang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Life can be difficult at times. People could feel "dissatisfied with life," or "unfulfilled," despite the efforts. Collaborating with a skilled psychotherapist could help a person or a couple identify and break the maladaptive patterns, make positive changes, and experience more happiness and freedom. I am a bilingual (Chinese & English) psychologist with over 19 years of training and experience. I adopt an integrative style, blending elements of Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) through the lens of attachment and culture.
Life can be difficult at times. People could feel "dissatisfied with life," or "unfulfilled," despite the efforts. Collaborating with a skilled psychotherapist could help a person or a couple identify and break the maladaptive patterns, make positive changes, and experience more happiness and freedom. I am a bilingual (Chinese & English) psychologist with over 19 years of training and experience. I adopt an integrative style, blending elements of Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) through the lens of attachment and culture.
(646) 846-9712 View (646) 846-9712
Photo of Hayley Dicken in New York, NY
Hayley Dicken
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012  (Online Only)
Creating an environment that feels supportive and non-judgmental is my first priority as a therapist. Everyone is capable of change, and with the right support and individualized care, therapy can help you reach your personal goals. I appreciate the importance of your commitment to begin therapy and believe that the strength of the client-therapist relationship is the most important aspect in your ability to heal and grow. I strive to build authentic rapport with clients that fosters insight, honesty, and growth in a therapeutic setting, where you are considered to be the true expert on yourself.
Creating an environment that feels supportive and non-judgmental is my first priority as a therapist. Everyone is capable of change, and with the right support and individualized care, therapy can help you reach your personal goals. I appreciate the importance of your commitment to begin therapy and believe that the strength of the client-therapist relationship is the most important aspect in your ability to heal and grow. I strive to build authentic rapport with clients that fosters insight, honesty, and growth in a therapeutic setting, where you are considered to be the true expert on yourself.
(646) 760-4467 View (646) 760-4467
Photo of Emy Zener, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Emy Zener, LCSW-R
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Emy Zener, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10040  (Online Only)
Are you a high-achiever who fell off track due to mental health or substance use issues? Now that the worst of it is behind you, do you need help picking your life up from where you left off? Or maybe you are back on track, but still dealing with issues of identity, fears of relapse, or internalized stigma? I work with bright, driven people who are on their way back from darkness to light, from illness to recovery. If you have been through the hell of psych hospitalizations, bipolar, depression, addiction, etc., and have already gotten through the worst of it, I can help you along the next steps of the journey.
Are you a high-achiever who fell off track due to mental health or substance use issues? Now that the worst of it is behind you, do you need help picking your life up from where you left off? Or maybe you are back on track, but still dealing with issues of identity, fears of relapse, or internalized stigma? I work with bright, driven people who are on their way back from darkness to light, from illness to recovery. If you have been through the hell of psych hospitalizations, bipolar, depression, addiction, etc., and have already gotten through the worst of it, I can help you along the next steps of the journey.
(212) 786-5325 View (212) 786-5325
Photo of Melissa Kovelman, Counselor in New York, NY
Melissa Kovelman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I strive to perform as an eclectic therapist. That being, I will take all modalities into mind and use the technique that will best meet my client where they are at in their particular journey. Being flexible is an important factor that enables a therapist to meet each clients needs and leads to more personalized outcomes.
I strive to perform as an eclectic therapist. That being, I will take all modalities into mind and use the technique that will best meet my client where they are at in their particular journey. Being flexible is an important factor that enables a therapist to meet each clients needs and leads to more personalized outcomes.
(929) 205-5378 View (929) 205-5378
Photo of Cathy Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Cathy Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
Getting psychotherapeutic treatment is an opportunity to change your life. It will give you the ability to understand your emotional pain or conflicts better, make clear and good decisions and build a constructive life. Having support and gaining self awareness opens up your life for change and growth. I treat relationship issues, depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, addictive disorders, ADD.
Getting psychotherapeutic treatment is an opportunity to change your life. It will give you the ability to understand your emotional pain or conflicts better, make clear and good decisions and build a constructive life. Having support and gaining self awareness opens up your life for change and growth. I treat relationship issues, depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, addictive disorders, ADD.
(646) 798-6761 View (646) 798-6761
Photo of Elizabeth Glauber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Elizabeth Glauber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019  (Online Only)
I focus on creating a non-judgmental environment where you can feel comfortable exploring patterns, emotions, and experiences that may be holding you back from reaching your goals. Therapy is a time and space for you to make use of in ways that feel effective to you - whether that is taking time to talk and process experiences, or whether that looks more like focusing in on building skills and creating plans to treat specific symptoms. I will take the time to listen to your needs, and we will work together to create a plan to move you forward!
I focus on creating a non-judgmental environment where you can feel comfortable exploring patterns, emotions, and experiences that may be holding you back from reaching your goals. Therapy is a time and space for you to make use of in ways that feel effective to you - whether that is taking time to talk and process experiences, or whether that looks more like focusing in on building skills and creating plans to treat specific symptoms. I will take the time to listen to your needs, and we will work together to create a plan to move you forward!
(914) 350-2557 x1 View (914) 350-2557 x1
Photo of Nancy D. Adegoke, Psychologist in New York, NY
Nancy D. Adegoke
Psychologist, PhD, EdM, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018
Greetings. My name is Dr. Nancy Adegoke and I am a NY and NJ licensed psychologist as well as State of Florida telehealth provider who has been practicing in diverse mental health settings for the past 20 years. I have worked with clients across the lifespan: children, adolescents, adults and seniors. I specialize in treating clients experiencing mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, work-related problems and chronic illness. I also have training and experience working with first responders, veterans, older adults, and college students.
Greetings. My name is Dr. Nancy Adegoke and I am a NY and NJ licensed psychologist as well as State of Florida telehealth provider who has been practicing in diverse mental health settings for the past 20 years. I have worked with clients across the lifespan: children, adolescents, adults and seniors. I specialize in treating clients experiencing mood disorders, trauma, relationship and family issues, work-related problems and chronic illness. I also have training and experience working with first responders, veterans, older adults, and college students.
(929) 284-2722 x301 View (929) 284-2722 x301

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.