Therapists in Columbia, MO

Photo of Marjorie Lynne Roberts, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Marjorie Lynne Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties in therapy include trauma, anxiety and depression. It can be very difficult at times to know how to manage or deal with challenges in our lives. I believe every person has an inner strength that allows them to face life issues and learn new ways to accept or change these challenges. This work is completely collaborative from setting goals to hearing your feedback about progress and other possible treatments to use. I will assist you in finding healthier ways of thinking and actions to deal with difficulties. The first step to take is often the hardest but may be one of the important and meaningful step you make.
My specialties in therapy include trauma, anxiety and depression. It can be very difficult at times to know how to manage or deal with challenges in our lives. I believe every person has an inner strength that allows them to face life issues and learn new ways to accept or change these challenges. This work is completely collaborative from setting goals to hearing your feedback about progress and other possible treatments to use. I will assist you in finding healthier ways of thinking and actions to deal with difficulties. The first step to take is often the hardest but may be one of the important and meaningful step you make.
(573) 400-0373 View (573) 400-0373
Photo of Mary Karalis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Mary Karalis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
I offer compassionate, effective professional counseling that is goal oriented, and solution focused, using well-established, evidence-supported practices to help you move toward your goals on your unique journey. I have 16 years of experience as a mental health and substance abuse therapist. My interventions are adjusted to meet the needs and goals of the individual. My clients have reported tangible results.
I offer compassionate, effective professional counseling that is goal oriented, and solution focused, using well-established, evidence-supported practices to help you move toward your goals on your unique journey. I have 16 years of experience as a mental health and substance abuse therapist. My interventions are adjusted to meet the needs and goals of the individual. My clients have reported tangible results.
(573) 637-4800 View (573) 637-4800
Photo of Lindsey Backer-Fulghum, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Lindsey Backer-Fulghum
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Life is hard. Whether you are struggling with transitions into adulthood, a new career, the process of parenthood, or other major life changes, you do not have to travel alone. Dr. Lindsey works with adults of all ages providing both therapy and psychological testing. She has specialized training in perinatal mental health and experience working with infertility, pregnancy/infant loss, as well as pregnancy and postpartum related mood and anxiety disorders. As someone who has experienced pregnancy loss herself, she has a passion for helping individuals mourn their significant loss, and in given time, help one find personal meaning.
Life is hard. Whether you are struggling with transitions into adulthood, a new career, the process of parenthood, or other major life changes, you do not have to travel alone. Dr. Lindsey works with adults of all ages providing both therapy and psychological testing. She has specialized training in perinatal mental health and experience working with infertility, pregnancy/infant loss, as well as pregnancy and postpartum related mood and anxiety disorders. As someone who has experienced pregnancy loss herself, she has a passion for helping individuals mourn their significant loss, and in given time, help one find personal meaning.
(573) 920-4867 View (573) 920-4867
Photo of Jackie Rice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Jackie Rice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
Couples and Individual Therapy are my specialities. I am passionate about helping couples identify their negative patterns, express their unmet needs, and repair their relationship injuries; deepening the trust and bond they once shared as a couple. I also work with individuals to find the insights and tools they need to navigate life's challenges and transitions. I appreciate working with clients who come from a wide variety of socio-economic, racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, sexual orientations and gender identities, not to mention ages, including students and seniors.
Couples and Individual Therapy are my specialities. I am passionate about helping couples identify their negative patterns, express their unmet needs, and repair their relationship injuries; deepening the trust and bond they once shared as a couple. I also work with individuals to find the insights and tools they need to navigate life's challenges and transitions. I appreciate working with clients who come from a wide variety of socio-economic, racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, sexual orientations and gender identities, not to mention ages, including students and seniors.
(573) 757-0398 View (573) 757-0398
Photo of Michael V Stanfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbia, MO
Michael V Stanfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMin, LMFT
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Let me first say that the fact that you are searching online for help is a sign that there is a part of you that has had enough. I want to address that part of you because it holds the key to your wholeness. Whether you see the root of your difficulty as a primary relationship or some other unknown source, I want to aid you in engaging in the kind of self examination that will see you through your current pain to the new life that is surely waiting on the other side.
Let me first say that the fact that you are searching online for help is a sign that there is a part of you that has had enough. I want to address that part of you because it holds the key to your wholeness. Whether you see the root of your difficulty as a primary relationship or some other unknown source, I want to aid you in engaging in the kind of self examination that will see you through your current pain to the new life that is surely waiting on the other side.
(865) 816-9104 View (865) 816-9104
Photo of Seth Showalter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Seth Showalter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MHA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
The reality is: life is difficult. There, I said it–life is hard. We get thrown curve balls every single day and feel the pressure to hide from the world, from others, and from ourselves. From depression, anxiety, grief/loss, relationship conflicts, trauma, and even sexual identity confusion, figuring out our way in the world is not an easy task. You may have even discovered solutions that worked in the short term are not as effective. I believe that therapy is a partnership. I want to come alongside you and support you in your journey. You no longer have to travel this path alone.
The reality is: life is difficult. There, I said it–life is hard. We get thrown curve balls every single day and feel the pressure to hide from the world, from others, and from ourselves. From depression, anxiety, grief/loss, relationship conflicts, trauma, and even sexual identity confusion, figuring out our way in the world is not an easy task. You may have even discovered solutions that worked in the short term are not as effective. I believe that therapy is a partnership. I want to come alongside you and support you in your journey. You no longer have to travel this path alone.
(573) 463-6554 View (573) 463-6554
Photo of Sharon Cantrell-Brush, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Sharon Cantrell-Brush
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
The core of my practice is assisting individuals and families to navigate the challenges and uncertainties of life with success and purpose. To provide guidance on supporting those with mental health symptoms, behavioral and emotional disorders and trauma to be able to thrive. To help identify negative communication patterns and strengthen communication with others. I provide an assortment of parenting ideas to help families live together with a better understanding and appreciation of each other. I draw from Dr. Garry Landreth, Child-Parent Relationship Therapy, Dr. Fay & Dr. Cline, Love & Logic, and Dr. Phelan with 1-2-3 Magic.
The core of my practice is assisting individuals and families to navigate the challenges and uncertainties of life with success and purpose. To provide guidance on supporting those with mental health symptoms, behavioral and emotional disorders and trauma to be able to thrive. To help identify negative communication patterns and strengthen communication with others. I provide an assortment of parenting ideas to help families live together with a better understanding and appreciation of each other. I draw from Dr. Garry Landreth, Child-Parent Relationship Therapy, Dr. Fay & Dr. Cline, Love & Logic, and Dr. Phelan with 1-2-3 Magic.
(573) 919-0785 View (573) 919-0785
Photo of Counseling and Psychological Services, LLC, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Counseling and Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, EdD, LPHSP
Not Verified Not Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Treatment specialization includes: * Depression * Anxiety * Panic and phobias * Relationship issues * Couples * Parenting and family Issues * Health * Pain * Eating and body image * Grief and loss * GLBT * Work and career * Stress management * Family of origin issues * Post Traumatic Stress Disorder * Trauma and abuse * Sexual identity issues * Spiritual issues * Stage of life issues
Treatment specialization includes: * Depression * Anxiety * Panic and phobias * Relationship issues * Couples * Parenting and family Issues * Health * Pain * Eating and body image * Grief and loss * GLBT * Work and career * Stress management * Family of origin issues * Post Traumatic Stress Disorder * Trauma and abuse * Sexual identity issues * Spiritual issues * Stage of life issues
(573) 446-5034 x211 View (573) 446-5034 x211
Photo of Barbara J. Scott, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, MO
Barbara J. Scott
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, NCC, MSCC, CGP
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Counseling is a wonderful investment in yourself and your relationships, but finding the right counselor is tough. I provide a safe space for clients to pause, reflect, feel, and find their way... Struggling with anxiety, relationship conflict/divorce, loneliness, grief, major life changes, or lingering issues from past trauma? I bring a depth of experience and professional training in communication, de-escalating & healing relationships, and trauma. I will bring an open, caring, inquisitive, and deeply compassionate presence to our time together. I'm here to sit with you—sometimes to challenge you—but always to really listen.
Counseling is a wonderful investment in yourself and your relationships, but finding the right counselor is tough. I provide a safe space for clients to pause, reflect, feel, and find their way... Struggling with anxiety, relationship conflict/divorce, loneliness, grief, major life changes, or lingering issues from past trauma? I bring a depth of experience and professional training in communication, de-escalating & healing relationships, and trauma. I will bring an open, caring, inquisitive, and deeply compassionate presence to our time together. I'm here to sit with you—sometimes to challenge you—but always to really listen.
(573) 515-2986 View (573) 515-2986
Photo of Open Arms Wellness - Columbia, MO, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Open Arms Wellness - Columbia, MO
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
Frustrated with calling therapists and not receiving a call back? We pride ourselves in finding expert clinicians in each specialty in the greater St. Louis area and we have immediate openings. We can help match you to a clinician that has proven success helping clients with similar issues. Our approach assists clients in exploring the source of their problems. We listen. We find unique strategies that build on your passions to bring healing to your life. You won't believe how much better it can get when you work with our handpicked professionals. Locations: Ballwin, Central West End, Brentwood and Columbia, Missouri.
Frustrated with calling therapists and not receiving a call back? We pride ourselves in finding expert clinicians in each specialty in the greater St. Louis area and we have immediate openings. We can help match you to a clinician that has proven success helping clients with similar issues. Our approach assists clients in exploring the source of their problems. We listen. We find unique strategies that build on your passions to bring healing to your life. You won't believe how much better it can get when you work with our handpicked professionals. Locations: Ballwin, Central West End, Brentwood and Columbia, Missouri.
(573) 284-2893 View (573) 284-2893
Photo of Leslie Campbell-York, LPC Intern in Columbia, MO
Leslie Campbell-York
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
I support people who are marginalized by society. I work with LGBTQIA+ individuals, people in ethically non-monogamous relationships, those of alternative faiths, and more. I help with issues related to the realm of sexuality and relationships, self discovery, and trauma processing. I help others find comfort in their authentic expression of themselves and overcome or cope with things which may be holding them back.
I support people who are marginalized by society. I work with LGBTQIA+ individuals, people in ethically non-monogamous relationships, those of alternative faiths, and more. I help with issues related to the realm of sexuality and relationships, self discovery, and trauma processing. I help others find comfort in their authentic expression of themselves and overcome or cope with things which may be holding them back.
(573) 409-5558 View (573) 409-5558
Photo of Jan Stock Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Jan Stock Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
There are so many persons struggling with low self-esteem/self-confidence, anxiety, a need to control the people and situations in their lives, a need to "please" or be the "peace maker", who are constantly driven to do more and be more, and who cannot seem to find joy and peace in their lives. These have definitely been issues in my life. At times I felt like I might go crazy. . .but I didn't know how to manage differently so that I could capture moments of peace and solace, without guilt!
There are so many persons struggling with low self-esteem/self-confidence, anxiety, a need to control the people and situations in their lives, a need to "please" or be the "peace maker", who are constantly driven to do more and be more, and who cannot seem to find joy and peace in their lives. These have definitely been issues in my life. At times I felt like I might go crazy. . .but I didn't know how to manage differently so that I could capture moments of peace and solace, without guilt!
(573) 240-8224 View (573) 240-8224
Photo of Kevin Crosby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Kevin Crosby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
(573) 284-2903 View (573) 284-2903
Photo of Julia Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Julia Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(573) 763-4637 View (573) 763-4637
Photo of Amanda Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Amanda Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSFT, LPC, CCDP-D, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
Now accepting online clients! I am a board certified telemental health counselor providing online counseling for residents of Missouri. I currently offer online sessions for individuals, couples, and families. I have worked for several large community mental health agencies, a local college counseling center, provided psychotherapy for the University system and numerous co-occurring substance facilities. It is through these experiences that I continue to be passionate about helping all clients improve their lives, relationships and their mental health.
Now accepting online clients! I am a board certified telemental health counselor providing online counseling for residents of Missouri. I currently offer online sessions for individuals, couples, and families. I have worked for several large community mental health agencies, a local college counseling center, provided psychotherapy for the University system and numerous co-occurring substance facilities. It is through these experiences that I continue to be passionate about helping all clients improve their lives, relationships and their mental health.
(573) 279-1367 View (573) 279-1367
Photo of Ada Gallup, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Ada Gallup
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
My therapy style is solution focused, person-centered and holistic. I tailor my work with each client based upon each individual's specific needs, goals and interests. I do not believe that only one type of therapy will work for every client; therefore I use a blend of therapies in my work with each individual. I offer individual, family, co-parenting, play techniques, parent education and therapeutic supervised visits. My therapy office is welcoming and comfortable, which fosters the ability for individuals and families to feel safe as they explore their concerns and prepare to heal.
My therapy style is solution focused, person-centered and holistic. I tailor my work with each client based upon each individual's specific needs, goals and interests. I do not believe that only one type of therapy will work for every client; therefore I use a blend of therapies in my work with each individual. I offer individual, family, co-parenting, play techniques, parent education and therapeutic supervised visits. My therapy office is welcoming and comfortable, which fosters the ability for individuals and families to feel safe as they explore their concerns and prepare to heal.
(573) 677-4341 View (573) 677-4341
Photo of Shannon Abell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, MO
Shannon Abell
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MSCC, NCC, CGP
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Through work with individuals aged teen through adulthood and couples in various differing relationships alike, I have developed expertise in areas like attachment, blended families, and depression and anxiety. I have a strong foundation as a caring and supportive counselor and aim to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. I welcome the opportunity to have my skills challenged and strengthened through experiences and living life.
Through work with individuals aged teen through adulthood and couples in various differing relationships alike, I have developed expertise in areas like attachment, blended families, and depression and anxiety. I have a strong foundation as a caring and supportive counselor and aim to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. I welcome the opportunity to have my skills challenged and strengthened through experiences and living life.
(573) 531-3636 View (573) 531-3636
Photo of Stacy Zorn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Stacy Zorn
Licensed Professional Counselor, CCATP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Your past doesn't define you; it informs you. Painful feelings and many of life's experiences can be difficult to work through alone. I work with individuals who want to examine their self-limiting thoughts, understand how to process/regulate their emotions and elevate their self-esteem, self-compassion and confidence. Others need someone who understands how to heal from relational abuse and parent wounds. Maybe it's relief from stress and anxiety that brought you here, or relationship distress. My intention is to support you with curiosity and compassion and help you heal the wounds that have kept you from knowing peace & thriving.
Your past doesn't define you; it informs you. Painful feelings and many of life's experiences can be difficult to work through alone. I work with individuals who want to examine their self-limiting thoughts, understand how to process/regulate their emotions and elevate their self-esteem, self-compassion and confidence. Others need someone who understands how to heal from relational abuse and parent wounds. Maybe it's relief from stress and anxiety that brought you here, or relationship distress. My intention is to support you with curiosity and compassion and help you heal the wounds that have kept you from knowing peace & thriving.
(573) 641-8680 View (573) 641-8680
Photo of Wendy Molitor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Wendy Molitor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65202
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation difficulties. My goal is to go beyond the therapeutic relationship and assist individuals and families in developing understanding, lifelong skills, and a strong therapeutic web in their lives.
I specialize in trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation difficulties. My goal is to go beyond the therapeutic relationship and assist individuals and families in developing understanding, lifelong skills, and a strong therapeutic web in their lives.
(573) 577-3446 View (573) 577-3446
Photo of Emily Paulsen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Emily Paulsen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, SEP, NARM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Waitlist for new clients
I believe fear of judgment and shame often make us feel like we have to go through things alone. I provide a nonjudgmental and supportive environment for you to be able to process your struggles. We will work together to explore how we can address what is getting in the way of what you truly want for yourself. I have worked with clients with many different types of problems but my specialties are in working with eating disorders, trauma, and anxiety disorders. Regardless of the type of struggle, my hope is to help empower my clients to realize their true inner strength and resiliency.
I believe fear of judgment and shame often make us feel like we have to go through things alone. I provide a nonjudgmental and supportive environment for you to be able to process your struggles. We will work together to explore how we can address what is getting in the way of what you truly want for yourself. I have worked with clients with many different types of problems but my specialties are in working with eating disorders, trauma, and anxiety disorders. Regardless of the type of struggle, my hope is to help empower my clients to realize their true inner strength and resiliency.
(573) 575-4025 View (573) 575-4025

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbia, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Columbia, MO who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Coping Skills
66% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbia, MO see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.