Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Paul Fressola, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Paul Fressola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), and a Certified Addictions Counselor (CADC). I see therapy as a collaborative process of growth and change. My approach is flexible, warm and empathic. I have over 10 years of experience with individuals, couples and groups and utilize psychodynamics, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, family systems, relational, and relapse prevention strategies.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), and a Certified Addictions Counselor (CADC). I see therapy as a collaborative process of growth and change. My approach is flexible, warm and empathic. I have over 10 years of experience with individuals, couples and groups and utilize psychodynamics, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, family systems, relational, and relapse prevention strategies.
(773) 639-2768 View (773) 639-2768
Photo of Rachel E Smith, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Rachel E Smith
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
The task of finding a new therapist to walk with you in your journey toward growth, hope, and healing can be so difficult! My style is relational and dynamic, meaning that I hold the past and present together as we work through your story to examine places you feel stuck or want to make changes. Your safety in the therapeutic relationship is important in order to facilitate the exploration of what can be painful thoughts, feelings, and memories. I integrate evidence-based techniques, cultural humility, and a nonjudgemental perspective to help you find your strengths and meet your life goals.
The task of finding a new therapist to walk with you in your journey toward growth, hope, and healing can be so difficult! My style is relational and dynamic, meaning that I hold the past and present together as we work through your story to examine places you feel stuck or want to make changes. Your safety in the therapeutic relationship is important in order to facilitate the exploration of what can be painful thoughts, feelings, and memories. I integrate evidence-based techniques, cultural humility, and a nonjudgemental perspective to help you find your strengths and meet your life goals.
(872) 239-3931 View (872) 239-3931
Photo of Carrie Jameson, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Carrie Jameson
Counselor, MA, LCPC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
Waitlist for new clients
I believe you have everything you need within to resolve the issues and problems that disturb you and your relationships. I help people who have survived abuse, recent or early traumas, to diminish and remove blocks to living the life they want. I understand how anxiety, depression and recurring or intrusive thoughts or memories can leave you feeling undermined, depleted or confused, struggling to make meaning in your life.
I believe you have everything you need within to resolve the issues and problems that disturb you and your relationships. I help people who have survived abuse, recent or early traumas, to diminish and remove blocks to living the life they want. I understand how anxiety, depression and recurring or intrusive thoughts or memories can leave you feeling undermined, depleted or confused, struggling to make meaning in your life.
(312) 854-2629 View (312) 854-2629
Photo of Allison Milewsky, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Allison Milewsky
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, ALMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
I work with teenagers, adults and relationships struggling with communication and self-esteem. I want to help anyone dealing with issues surrounding self-worth, communication, sex and intimacy, life transitions, abortion processing, depression and anxiety, and the perinatal/postpartum period to understand that they are not alone. I consider myself a relational therapist and work with any and all relationships! This includes but is not limited to couples, spouses, friendships, adult siblings, open relationships, and polyamorous relationships.
(773) 649-5296 View (773) 649-5296
Photo of Paige Wilke, LPC Intern in Chicago, IL
Paige Wilke
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
Are you hoping for a therapy experience where you feel seen and motivated for lasting change? I hope that if you are struggling with excessive anxiety or periods of low mood that you might reach out. I have a style of therapy that creates a place of safety and exploration. I think that therapy is noble work and not only important but worth it. I can help you create new patterns while having compassion and moving away from old unhealthy ones. I have a background in the corporate world and I blend my knowledge from that experience with a therapeutic one which gives me a unique approach to change.
Are you hoping for a therapy experience where you feel seen and motivated for lasting change? I hope that if you are struggling with excessive anxiety or periods of low mood that you might reach out. I have a style of therapy that creates a place of safety and exploration. I think that therapy is noble work and not only important but worth it. I can help you create new patterns while having compassion and moving away from old unhealthy ones. I have a background in the corporate world and I blend my knowledge from that experience with a therapeutic one which gives me a unique approach to change.
(872) 266-2473 View (872) 266-2473
Photo of Sherene Al-Turk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sherene Al-Turk
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I look forward to starting this journey with you. The therapeutic process does not require definitive structure to enable growth. Whether you are currently going through a difficult time or have decided you want to make some changes and aren’t sure where to begin, we will work together to find answers at a pace that feels right and comfortable to you. My goal is to help you understand your stressors, increase your self-awareness, enhance your coping skills, and recognize your own strengths. I am consistently humbled by the resilience and strength of the clients that I work with.
I look forward to starting this journey with you. The therapeutic process does not require definitive structure to enable growth. Whether you are currently going through a difficult time or have decided you want to make some changes and aren’t sure where to begin, we will work together to find answers at a pace that feels right and comfortable to you. My goal is to help you understand your stressors, increase your self-awareness, enhance your coping skills, and recognize your own strengths. I am consistently humbled by the resilience and strength of the clients that I work with.
(872) 274-2564 View (872) 274-2564
Photo of Jessica Twardowski-Deskin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jessica Twardowski-Deskin
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about helping individuals improve their self-confidence, overcome difficulties, and live a more value-driven authentic life. I believe in the importance of a genuine and warm therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to my therapeutic work. I have received training in CBT, ACT, and DBT. My therapeutic work integrates third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches and recognizes the importance of living according to one’s values. This approach focuses on clients developing a new and compassionate relationship with oneself and emphasizes the importance of mindfulness and living within the present moment.
I am passionate about helping individuals improve their self-confidence, overcome difficulties, and live a more value-driven authentic life. I believe in the importance of a genuine and warm therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to my therapeutic work. I have received training in CBT, ACT, and DBT. My therapeutic work integrates third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches and recognizes the importance of living according to one’s values. This approach focuses on clients developing a new and compassionate relationship with oneself and emphasizes the importance of mindfulness and living within the present moment.
(773) 207-3508 x6 View (773) 207-3508 x6
Photo of Brigitte Green, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Brigitte Green
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I provide therapy for individuals and couples, specializing in relationship difficulties. My particular interest and expertise is working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma. I use a psychoanalytic approach with an emphasis on genuine connection and empowerment. This is helpful to bring understanding and insight to past experiences, that may be impacting one's behavior, feelings and patterns, allowing them to remain stuck. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship and am deeply committed to a strong working alliance with each of my clients, resulting in effective treatment and authentic change.
I provide therapy for individuals and couples, specializing in relationship difficulties. My particular interest and expertise is working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma. I use a psychoanalytic approach with an emphasis on genuine connection and empowerment. This is helpful to bring understanding and insight to past experiences, that may be impacting one's behavior, feelings and patterns, allowing them to remain stuck. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship and am deeply committed to a strong working alliance with each of my clients, resulting in effective treatment and authentic change.
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Photo of Chandra Dockery, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Chandra Dockery
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Seasoned, compassionate, and dedicated professional equipped with broad based experience in counseling, case management, and psychotherapy. Offer exemplary case management skills along with expertise in diagnosis and treatment of emotional disturbances and mental health disorders. Demonstrate effectiveness in working with multidisciplinary teams and other health professionals, including social workers, psychologists, therapists, and student interns. Possess articulate communication skills in English.
Seasoned, compassionate, and dedicated professional equipped with broad based experience in counseling, case management, and psychotherapy. Offer exemplary case management skills along with expertise in diagnosis and treatment of emotional disturbances and mental health disorders. Demonstrate effectiveness in working with multidisciplinary teams and other health professionals, including social workers, psychologists, therapists, and student interns. Possess articulate communication skills in English.
(224) 268-9002 View (224) 268-9002
Photo of Chanel Sims, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Chanel Sims
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NBCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
Are you seeking support on your journey towards a healthier mind and emotional well-being? Whether you’re a resilient 10-year-old navigating the challenges of growing up or a wise soul at 65 embracing life’s transitions, my therapeutic space is open to individuals of all ages.
Are you seeking support on your journey towards a healthier mind and emotional well-being? Whether you’re a resilient 10-year-old navigating the challenges of growing up or a wise soul at 65 embracing life’s transitions, my therapeutic space is open to individuals of all ages.
(708) 726-6655 View (708) 726-6655
Photo of Thamani Counseling Services, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Thamani Counseling Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
Finding a therapist is often difficult and can feel overwhelming. Therefore, we strive to match you with a clinician who is the right fit for you in terms of style, expertise, and availability. Our team of caring and experienced clinicians provide individual, family, couples, and group psychotherapy. We specialize in areas such as trauma, relationship distress, anxiety, depression, coping with change/transitions, life-stress, and grief/mourning.
Finding a therapist is often difficult and can feel overwhelming. Therefore, we strive to match you with a clinician who is the right fit for you in terms of style, expertise, and availability. Our team of caring and experienced clinicians provide individual, family, couples, and group psychotherapy. We specialize in areas such as trauma, relationship distress, anxiety, depression, coping with change/transitions, life-stress, and grief/mourning.
(773) 832-5140 View (773) 832-5140
Photo of Erik Shookman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Erik Shookman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
Erik Shookman is a Licensed Social Worker who has experience working with adults and adolescents from all walks of life. He specializes in addressing issues related to depression, anxiety, OCD, phobias, relationships, grief and loss, trauma and addiction. Erik strongly believes that the foundation of any successful treatment is built upon the therapeutic alliance between client and therapist. He takes a holistic approach to therapy and takes great pride in the working relationships that he cultivates with his clients. He strives to make his clients feel safe, seen, and understood.
Erik Shookman is a Licensed Social Worker who has experience working with adults and adolescents from all walks of life. He specializes in addressing issues related to depression, anxiety, OCD, phobias, relationships, grief and loss, trauma and addiction. Erik strongly believes that the foundation of any successful treatment is built upon the therapeutic alliance between client and therapist. He takes a holistic approach to therapy and takes great pride in the working relationships that he cultivates with his clients. He strives to make his clients feel safe, seen, and understood.
(872) 205-3628 View (872) 205-3628
Photo of Elizabeth Selph, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Elizabeth Selph
Licensed Professional Counselor, MBA, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
Therapy is about providing professional support to help you work through whatever prevents you from experiencing the freedom of emotion and choice. There are times our cultural, familial, and social experiences cause us pain we don’t know how to process, which stops us from living fully and freely. Sometimes our patterns and ways of responding interfere with making sense of our experiences. We need help sifting through our thoughts and emotions to get clarity. Recovery from depression is a healing process, whether from a chemical imbalance or in reaction to life.
Therapy is about providing professional support to help you work through whatever prevents you from experiencing the freedom of emotion and choice. There are times our cultural, familial, and social experiences cause us pain we don’t know how to process, which stops us from living fully and freely. Sometimes our patterns and ways of responding interfere with making sense of our experiences. We need help sifting through our thoughts and emotions to get clarity. Recovery from depression is a healing process, whether from a chemical imbalance or in reaction to life.
(312) 374-6601 View (312) 374-6601
Photo of Susan Haarman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Susan Haarman
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
So, you've already done the scariest part of this whole process, which is deciding that you want support and taking action. That takes incredible strength and humility, even if you may not feel that way right now. From here, it's my job to work together with you to find ways to channel that strength towards the goals you have and help reframe the way you're approaching challenges through support, humor, and compassion.
So, you've already done the scariest part of this whole process, which is deciding that you want support and taking action. That takes incredible strength and humility, even if you may not feel that way right now. From here, it's my job to work together with you to find ways to channel that strength towards the goals you have and help reframe the way you're approaching challenges through support, humor, and compassion.
(773) 207-3429 View (773) 207-3429
Photo of Kris Eric Larsen, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kris Eric Larsen
Counselor, LCPC, GL-CMA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60645
Waitlist for new clients
My work is grounded in the relief of symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress through the reframing of negative thoughts and their connection to physical symptoms. Focus is placed on the processing of issues that disrupt understanding and compassion for the self. My ideal client is someone who desires to find a safe place to spend time looking inside for answers that may unlock the patterns to a more passionate life.
My work is grounded in the relief of symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress through the reframing of negative thoughts and their connection to physical symptoms. Focus is placed on the processing of issues that disrupt understanding and compassion for the self. My ideal client is someone who desires to find a safe place to spend time looking inside for answers that may unlock the patterns to a more passionate life.
(312) 345-5434 View (312) 345-5434
Photo of Dr. Andrew McKenzie, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Andrew McKenzie
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Waitlist for new clients
For so many of us, things feel heavier or harder to make sense of lately. There’s a lot going on, and it’s a lot to carry. Maybe you're feeling down, or more stressed than usual, or maybe you’re feeling disconnected from friends and loved ones who are usually your anchors. You might be struggling with a life transition or a difficult decision. Maybe you’re coping with the overwhelm by “numbing out” and have lost touch with some of the things that used to bring you joy. You might have noticed some distressing patterns in your life and you’re ready to take control and learn the tools and skills you need to make healthy changes.
For so many of us, things feel heavier or harder to make sense of lately. There’s a lot going on, and it’s a lot to carry. Maybe you're feeling down, or more stressed than usual, or maybe you’re feeling disconnected from friends and loved ones who are usually your anchors. You might be struggling with a life transition or a difficult decision. Maybe you’re coping with the overwhelm by “numbing out” and have lost touch with some of the things that used to bring you joy. You might have noticed some distressing patterns in your life and you’re ready to take control and learn the tools and skills you need to make healthy changes.
(773) 900-7016 View (773) 900-7016
Photo of Eileen Tarjan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Eileen Tarjan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
Welcome! Following my 20-year career in Human Resources, I am filled with joy to be in the mental health field helping others find their path to improved mental health. I deeply believe that through positive human connection & service, we can help ourselves and each other heal, repair ruptures in our relationships, & rebuild our communities. My ability to connect with clients, establish a foundation of trust, & engage them in meaningful work early in the therapeutic process is a gift & privilege that I don’t take lightly. I’m known for being honest, direct, welcoming, affirming, creative, & infusing fun into therapy!
Welcome! Following my 20-year career in Human Resources, I am filled with joy to be in the mental health field helping others find their path to improved mental health. I deeply believe that through positive human connection & service, we can help ourselves and each other heal, repair ruptures in our relationships, & rebuild our communities. My ability to connect with clients, establish a foundation of trust, & engage them in meaningful work early in the therapeutic process is a gift & privilege that I don’t take lightly. I’m known for being honest, direct, welcoming, affirming, creative, & infusing fun into therapy!
(872) 253-1368 View (872) 253-1368
Photo of Rachel M Schripsema, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rachel M Schripsema
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
My counseling work is grounded in my Zen Buddhist practice. My meditation practice supports a present-moment relationship with each client, creating space for us to explore the landscape of experience together. I practice contemplative psychotherapy, using mindfulness techniques to help clients access their own wisdom. Reflecting on this wisdom together can lead to making choices and taking actions that better reflect clients’ values and the way they would like to be in the world.
My counseling work is grounded in my Zen Buddhist practice. My meditation practice supports a present-moment relationship with each client, creating space for us to explore the landscape of experience together. I practice contemplative psychotherapy, using mindfulness techniques to help clients access their own wisdom. Reflecting on this wisdom together can lead to making choices and taking actions that better reflect clients’ values and the way they would like to be in the world.
(312) 500-2759 View (312) 500-2759
Photo of Melissa Harrison, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Melissa Harrison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
To everyone around you, it looks like you've "got it together." But deep inside, you feel like an impostor. Even though your life looks great on the surface, you feel anxious, as if it could all fall apart at any moment. You'd like to be more authentic, but you worry about what would happen if other people knew the "real" you. What would happen if you really lived your TRUE self in the world? That's scary, so you put on an act. But the act is getting exhausting. Sometimes, you wonder if you've spent so much time faking it that you've lost sight of your true self altogether.
To everyone around you, it looks like you've "got it together." But deep inside, you feel like an impostor. Even though your life looks great on the surface, you feel anxious, as if it could all fall apart at any moment. You'd like to be more authentic, but you worry about what would happen if other people knew the "real" you. What would happen if you really lived your TRUE self in the world? That's scary, so you put on an act. But the act is getting exhausting. Sometimes, you wonder if you've spent so much time faking it that you've lost sight of your true self altogether.
(831) 265-3285 View (831) 265-3285
Photo of L.Y.F.E {Love Yourself First Everyday} LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
L.Y.F.E {Love Yourself First Everyday} LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
My primary goal as a Counselor is to create a safe environment that allows my clients to address issues that may be preventing them from living their life to its fullest potential. I meet my clients where they are and build positive rapport and great connections that helps move them closer to their therapeutic goals. I focus on issues my clients are dealing with at hand, then we together find out what is needed to accomplish goals. The WHY my clients are seeking counseling is the WHAT tools I need to assist them in living their life to its fullest potential.
My primary goal as a Counselor is to create a safe environment that allows my clients to address issues that may be preventing them from living their life to its fullest potential. I meet my clients where they are and build positive rapport and great connections that helps move them closer to their therapeutic goals. I focus on issues my clients are dealing with at hand, then we together find out what is needed to accomplish goals. The WHY my clients are seeking counseling is the WHAT tools I need to assist them in living their life to its fullest potential.
(773) 902-0274 View (773) 902-0274

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.