Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Shannon K. Hays, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Shannon K. Hays
Psychologist, PSY
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
Dr. Shannon K. Hays is a Psychologist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2001. Dr. Hays feels that her skills in assessment can provide valuable information to the treatment team and can aid in a comprehensive treatment plan for the client. Outside of work Dr. Hays enjoys reading, writing letters, concerts, the theater, museums, and spending time with her family and 4 cats.
Dr. Shannon K. Hays is a Psychologist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2001. Dr. Hays feels that her skills in assessment can provide valuable information to the treatment team and can aid in a comprehensive treatment plan for the client. Outside of work Dr. Hays enjoys reading, writing letters, concerts, the theater, museums, and spending time with her family and 4 cats.
(865) 346-3419 View (865) 346-3419
Photo of Shana V Hamilton-Lockwood, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Shana V Hamilton-Lockwood
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37902
I strive to provide a safe space for all clients to explore the issues bringing them to therapy and what underlies those issues. As a multicultural/relational therapist identities that are important to you provide a background for therapy (race, religion, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, political affiliations, gender identity, gender, sex, ableness, etc.) as those identities make up who you are. Relationships and how you relate with others are also important. I treat anxiety, depression, grief/loss, phases of life issues, family issues, women's issues and men's issues. I am also a sex and gender specialist.
I strive to provide a safe space for all clients to explore the issues bringing them to therapy and what underlies those issues. As a multicultural/relational therapist identities that are important to you provide a background for therapy (race, religion, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, political affiliations, gender identity, gender, sex, ableness, etc.) as those identities make up who you are. Relationships and how you relate with others are also important. I treat anxiety, depression, grief/loss, phases of life issues, family issues, women's issues and men's issues. I am also a sex and gender specialist.
(865) 503-6256 View (865) 503-6256
Photo of Laura Gasparrini in Knoxville, TN
Laura Gasparrini
MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
You're a Heart-centered Creative⁠ who is walking the mystical path⁠ with practical feet.⁠ You’re called to make a change in your life, but up against questions of Permission & Capacity. ⁠ Can I . . .? Will I . . .?⁠ ⁠ You're in that potent space of Unknowing⁠ before Opening the Door⁠ and Walking into the New.⁠ ⁠ Welcome, Creative Soul.⁠ You've made your way here - to this threshold of Possibility and Promise. ⁠ If you'd like to connect more deeply with your Next Steps and your capacity to create an Artful Life that you Love, I can help.⁠ ⁠
You're a Heart-centered Creative⁠ who is walking the mystical path⁠ with practical feet.⁠ You’re called to make a change in your life, but up against questions of Permission & Capacity. ⁠ Can I . . .? Will I . . .?⁠ ⁠ You're in that potent space of Unknowing⁠ before Opening the Door⁠ and Walking into the New.⁠ ⁠ Welcome, Creative Soul.⁠ You've made your way here - to this threshold of Possibility and Promise. ⁠ If you'd like to connect more deeply with your Next Steps and your capacity to create an Artful Life that you Love, I can help.⁠ ⁠
(865) 509-8946 View (865) 509-8946
Photo of Jayne Kraft, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jayne Kraft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Therapist with many years of experience. Bachelor's in Sociology with minor in Psychology and English. Masters degree from the University of TN in Social work and licensed by the State of TN. Specializing in Trauma with Cognitive Processing Therapy. Focused on Evidenced Based Modalities. Additional post graduate certifications in CPT, CBT-D, Pairs for Couples and Life Goals Modular Therapy. Works with clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life changes and care taker stress. Enjoy hearing people's stories and facilitating permanent changes.
Therapist with many years of experience. Bachelor's in Sociology with minor in Psychology and English. Masters degree from the University of TN in Social work and licensed by the State of TN. Specializing in Trauma with Cognitive Processing Therapy. Focused on Evidenced Based Modalities. Additional post graduate certifications in CPT, CBT-D, Pairs for Couples and Life Goals Modular Therapy. Works with clients with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life changes and care taker stress. Enjoy hearing people's stories and facilitating permanent changes.
(865) 412-8792 View (865) 412-8792
Photo of Elissa Winzenburg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Elissa Winzenburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
(865) 328-9491 View (865) 328-9491
Photo of Rachel Cox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Rachel Cox
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Helping individuals to heal from their pasts and grow into the best version of themselves is something I truly love. Today, we know that trauma settles into our brains and bodies in ways that time cannot fully heal (despite the old adage, “time heals everything”) . Would you like to be more present in your daily life, have a healthier relationship to yourself and others? I would love to work together to help you heal from your past, so that you can live life more fully today.
Hello! Helping individuals to heal from their pasts and grow into the best version of themselves is something I truly love. Today, we know that trauma settles into our brains and bodies in ways that time cannot fully heal (despite the old adage, “time heals everything”) . Would you like to be more present in your daily life, have a healthier relationship to yourself and others? I would love to work together to help you heal from your past, so that you can live life more fully today.
(865) 328-9538 View (865) 328-9538
Photo of Kathleen J Reilly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Kathleen J Reilly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37912
I believe that with enough stress anyone could become overwhelmed and need help re-grouping. My goal is to help clients identify and access strengths as well as learn new coping skills to have happier relationships; increased self-esteem; and a more fulfilling life. I have experience with all types of clients and issues ranging from adjustment problems (primarily relationships and work) to more complex issues including depression, anxiety, grief, and unresolved childhood abuse.
I believe that with enough stress anyone could become overwhelmed and need help re-grouping. My goal is to help clients identify and access strengths as well as learn new coping skills to have happier relationships; increased self-esteem; and a more fulfilling life. I have experience with all types of clients and issues ranging from adjustment problems (primarily relationships and work) to more complex issues including depression, anxiety, grief, and unresolved childhood abuse.
(865) 935-9966 View (865) 935-9966
Photo of Hope Counseling Services LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Hope Counseling Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
We are accepting new clients! At Hope Counseling, we understand how difficult it is to reach out for help. Our goal is to prove our commitment to you, in your journey to better mental health. We are dedicated and passionate about providing individualized treatment to our clients. Whether it is first onset psychosis or ongoing depression, marital problems or divorce recovery, anxiety or trauma we are here to serve you. We have enjoyed working with clients of different ages and background, that have reached their goals and made lasting improvements. We hope you will be our next successful client! HEALING happens here!
We are accepting new clients! At Hope Counseling, we understand how difficult it is to reach out for help. Our goal is to prove our commitment to you, in your journey to better mental health. We are dedicated and passionate about providing individualized treatment to our clients. Whether it is first onset psychosis or ongoing depression, marital problems or divorce recovery, anxiety or trauma we are here to serve you. We have enjoyed working with clients of different ages and background, that have reached their goals and made lasting improvements. We hope you will be our next successful client! HEALING happens here!
(865) 234-9860 View (865) 234-9860
Photo of Cody Barnhill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Cody Barnhill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Do you find it impossible to escape the patterns of thinking and behavior that have come to govern your life? Are you struggling to fulfill the expectations and needs of those around you as you fight to subdue, ignore, or avoid the oppressive memories, thoughts, or emotions that haunt you and refuse to relent? Maybe you’ve thrown yourself into your work, tried disappearing into hobbies, or sought the oblivion of substances to try and find relief, only to discover that your short-lived escape has compounded your problems and amplified your shame. If so, I get it.
Do you find it impossible to escape the patterns of thinking and behavior that have come to govern your life? Are you struggling to fulfill the expectations and needs of those around you as you fight to subdue, ignore, or avoid the oppressive memories, thoughts, or emotions that haunt you and refuse to relent? Maybe you’ve thrown yourself into your work, tried disappearing into hobbies, or sought the oblivion of substances to try and find relief, only to discover that your short-lived escape has compounded your problems and amplified your shame. If so, I get it.
(865) 503-4791 View (865) 503-4791
Photo of Joe J McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Joe J McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Have you found that you have woken up in a place unrecognizable to one you envisioned for yourself at an earlier age and asked how you got here? Feelings of hopelessness, pain, and guilt have become so commonplace in your life that you have grown comfortable with them. Are you stuck in patterns of behavior and thoughts that come to rule your life? Producing outcomes that are incongruent with your values and aspirations? Maybe you have sought relief through drugs, alcohol, sex, work, or relationships only to find this relief fleeting and the problems continuing to stack up around you.
Have you found that you have woken up in a place unrecognizable to one you envisioned for yourself at an earlier age and asked how you got here? Feelings of hopelessness, pain, and guilt have become so commonplace in your life that you have grown comfortable with them. Are you stuck in patterns of behavior and thoughts that come to rule your life? Producing outcomes that are incongruent with your values and aspirations? Maybe you have sought relief through drugs, alcohol, sex, work, or relationships only to find this relief fleeting and the problems continuing to stack up around you.
(865) 234-0079 View (865) 234-0079
Photo of Tamara Diaz-Hart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Tamara Diaz-Hart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Tammy has been practicing as a Licensed Marital and Family Therapist in Tennessee since 1999. She believes life is a journey and we all need supportive people. She strives to offer a non-judgmental and empathetic environment while teaching practical coping skills. Tammy counsels' individuals, families, parents, youth, and group therapy. Tammy provides therapy for depression and anxiety, addictions, chronic mental illness, anger management, ADHD, cultural and ethnic issues, parenting, spirituality, and grief. She offers individual therapy for thirteen and up, and family therapy for all ages.
Tammy has been practicing as a Licensed Marital and Family Therapist in Tennessee since 1999. She believes life is a journey and we all need supportive people. She strives to offer a non-judgmental and empathetic environment while teaching practical coping skills. Tammy counsels' individuals, families, parents, youth, and group therapy. Tammy provides therapy for depression and anxiety, addictions, chronic mental illness, anger management, ADHD, cultural and ethnic issues, parenting, spirituality, and grief. She offers individual therapy for thirteen and up, and family therapy for all ages.
(865) 205-6482 View (865) 205-6482
Photo of Jeffrey Scarbrough, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jeffrey Scarbrough
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918  (Online Only)
With over 16 years of experience in the field, I have helped many families, individuals, adolescents, and couples navigate difficult seasons in their lives. I offer faith-based, practical, personalized therapy to my clients and truly care about each person that comes to me for help. I know it’s not easy to reach out, and I consider it a privilege to be chosen by my clients.
With over 16 years of experience in the field, I have helped many families, individuals, adolescents, and couples navigate difficult seasons in their lives. I offer faith-based, practical, personalized therapy to my clients and truly care about each person that comes to me for help. I know it’s not easy to reach out, and I consider it a privilege to be chosen by my clients.
(865) 344-2185 View (865) 344-2185
Photo of Jenee Justice Tate, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Jenee Justice Tate
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
(865) 737-2787 View (865) 737-2787
Photo of Terina Gillette, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Terina Gillette
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Are you struggling with stress or anxiety? Are you experiencing conflict in your relationships or marriage? Do you have a child that is struggling with focus, attention, or emotional regulation? Have you experienced grief, loss, or trauma? Are you uncertain about therapy because you are concerned the approach won't match your personal values? Do you wish you could find a therapist/coach that would be creative/unorthodox? I use a holistic and integrative approach to address areas of concern for families and individuals in a safe atmosphere of acceptance.
Are you struggling with stress or anxiety? Are you experiencing conflict in your relationships or marriage? Do you have a child that is struggling with focus, attention, or emotional regulation? Have you experienced grief, loss, or trauma? Are you uncertain about therapy because you are concerned the approach won't match your personal values? Do you wish you could find a therapist/coach that would be creative/unorthodox? I use a holistic and integrative approach to address areas of concern for families and individuals in a safe atmosphere of acceptance.
(865) 205-1074 View (865) 205-1074
Photo of Dona E Diftler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Dona E Diftler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
All of life is about relating. All day long we are in some kind of relationship with another person. How comfortable and how capable are you in communicating your needs and desires? Do you feel understood by your partner? Are you feeling stressed or directionless in your relationship, your career, your life purpose? Have you suffered a loss and are grieving? Do you have a Inner Critic that is always whispering in your ear critiquing your every move? If you would like non-judgmental support, practical tools and straightforward feedback, please call.
All of life is about relating. All day long we are in some kind of relationship with another person. How comfortable and how capable are you in communicating your needs and desires? Do you feel understood by your partner? Are you feeling stressed or directionless in your relationship, your career, your life purpose? Have you suffered a loss and are grieving? Do you have a Inner Critic that is always whispering in your ear critiquing your every move? If you would like non-judgmental support, practical tools and straightforward feedback, please call.
(865) 551-9271 View (865) 551-9271
Joy Lowrance
Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Life is often difficult, and especially so during transitions. It is helpful to have a safe, secure place to sort through those transitions as you make changes, whether planned or unexpected, with school, work, or family situations. Change can bring with it growth, accompanied by anxiety, fear, and sadness, and it affects everyone in your circle. While anxiety, fear and sadness are normal responses to life events, they can become overwhelming. If you are struggling with life and the changes it sometimes brings, do not hesitate to reach out for support to help you grow through it.
Life is often difficult, and especially so during transitions. It is helpful to have a safe, secure place to sort through those transitions as you make changes, whether planned or unexpected, with school, work, or family situations. Change can bring with it growth, accompanied by anxiety, fear, and sadness, and it affects everyone in your circle. While anxiety, fear and sadness are normal responses to life events, they can become overwhelming. If you are struggling with life and the changes it sometimes brings, do not hesitate to reach out for support to help you grow through it.
(623) 455-5483 View (623) 455-5483
Photo of Brittaney Mcmahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Brittaney Mcmahan
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
I graduated from East Tennessee State University with a master's degree in counseling in 2016. I obtained my Licensed Professional Counselor, Mental Health Service Provider licensure in 2018. I have worked with children, teens and adults with a myriad of mental health conditions and life stressors in multiple settings, including outpatient, Intensive outpatient, in-home counseling/case management, crisis and residential treatment facilities. I have a passion for helping people live fulfilling and quality lives, regardless of life circumstances.
I graduated from East Tennessee State University with a master's degree in counseling in 2016. I obtained my Licensed Professional Counselor, Mental Health Service Provider licensure in 2018. I have worked with children, teens and adults with a myriad of mental health conditions and life stressors in multiple settings, including outpatient, Intensive outpatient, in-home counseling/case management, crisis and residential treatment facilities. I have a passion for helping people live fulfilling and quality lives, regardless of life circumstances.
(865) 503-6186 View (865) 503-6186
Photo of Michael Wentworth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Michael Wentworth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918
General therapy for late adolescents through geriatrics. 20 years experience working with people to implement change in their lives, especially those who are hesitant or unsure about starting therapy. Extensive experience with first first responders and veterans. Call me today to discuss how I can help make a difference.
General therapy for late adolescents through geriatrics. 20 years experience working with people to implement change in their lives, especially those who are hesitant or unsure about starting therapy. Extensive experience with first first responders and veterans. Call me today to discuss how I can help make a difference.
(207) 358-3385 View (207) 358-3385
Photo of Mark A LeMay, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Mark A LeMay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Not accepting new clients
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I believe everyone has the ability to live a meaningful and deeply satisfying life. I combine over 30 years experience as a clinical psychologist with Emotionally Focused Therapy for Individuals (EFIT), Positive Psychology, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help others achieve optimal well-being.
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I believe everyone has the ability to live a meaningful and deeply satisfying life. I combine over 30 years experience as a clinical psychologist with Emotionally Focused Therapy for Individuals (EFIT), Positive Psychology, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help others achieve optimal well-being.
(865) 368-9445 View (865) 368-9445
Photo of Tango Trails Counseling Michelle L. Jester, Ph.D., Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Tango Trails Counseling Michelle L. Jester, Ph.D.
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
At Tango Trails, Traditional and Equine-Assisted Counseling are combined to help our clients. We believe that interaction with the natural world, and especially horses, is a great way to promote healing. Both riding and non-riding activities are used in therapy sessions. No horse experience necessary.
At Tango Trails, Traditional and Equine-Assisted Counseling are combined to help our clients. We believe that interaction with the natural world, and especially horses, is a great way to promote healing. Both riding and non-riding activities are used in therapy sessions. No horse experience necessary.
(865) 830-1725 View (865) 830-1725

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.