Photo of Anna Bernstein, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Anna Bernstein
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55441
My clinical interests are Anxiety, Depression, Adoption, Attachment issues, Pre-marital/Marital counseling, Women’s issues, Body image issues, Self-esteem issues, LGBTQ, Sexuality/identity issues, Sex therapy, Codependency, Pregnancy/postpartum Parenthood, and Blended families.
Do you feel you have a lot of conflict within your relationship? Are you healing from an affair, divorce, or loss of a loved one? Does your mental health inhibit your daily functioning? Have you found yourself committing self-sabotaging behavior? These are problems I can help with. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe environment where individuals and couples can process their emotions, and feel heard, accepted, and respected. My goal is to build a strong relationship with each client through warmth, empathy, and authenticity. I want to meet you where you are and help bring progress and connection to couples and families.
My clinical interests are Anxiety, Depression, Adoption, Attachment issues, Pre-marital/Marital counseling, Women’s issues, Body image issues, Self-esteem issues, LGBTQ, Sexuality/identity issues, Sex therapy, Codependency, Pregnancy/postpartum Parenthood, and Blended families.
Do you feel you have a lot of conflict within your relationship? Are you healing from an affair, divorce, or loss of a loved one? Does your mental health inhibit your daily functioning? Have you found yourself committing self-sabotaging behavior? These are problems I can help with. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe environment where individuals and couples can process their emotions, and feel heard, accepted, and respected. My goal is to build a strong relationship with each client through warmth, empathy, and authenticity. I want to meet you where you are and help bring progress and connection to couples and families.
(651) 424-0852 x32 View (651) 424-0852 x32
Photo of Nick Pranke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Nick Pranke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401
I work with teens and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, adoption/foster care, relationship difficulties, identity concerns and other stressors.
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
I work with teens and adults experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, adoption/foster care, relationship difficulties, identity concerns and other stressors.
I believe the process of therapy is about the therapist and client joining together in a collaborative effort to work toward goals. Every person has strengths and values that are essential to living their best possible life. Sometimes obstacles get in the way of living those values and recognizing our strengths, including family, trauma, health concerns, and mental health difficulties. Through a systemic and trauma-informed lens, we will create individualized goals and approaches that best meet your needs.
(763) 343-7399 View (763) 343-7399
Photo of Balfour Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Balfour Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
Hi! I’m an inter-section theorist. I’m a mixed race person. I come from a social justice lens and work from a diversity, race, cultural and also non-binary foundation. I work with all ages, individuals, families and couples. I treat anxiety & depression, behavior/defiance issues, offer parenting support, holistic health, nutrition planning, eating disorders, chemical dependency, intelligence/gifted/sensitivity issues, and personality disorders. I have experience in attachment/adoption and autism in women. I have an efficient, compassionate approach and sense of humor. I’m passionate and interested in your story.
Hi! I’m an inter-section theorist. I’m a mixed race person. I come from a social justice lens and work from a diversity, race, cultural and also non-binary foundation. I work with all ages, individuals, families and couples. I treat anxiety & depression, behavior/defiance issues, offer parenting support, holistic health, nutrition planning, eating disorders, chemical dependency, intelligence/gifted/sensitivity issues, and personality disorders. I have experience in attachment/adoption and autism in women. I have an efficient, compassionate approach and sense of humor. I’m passionate and interested in your story.
(612) 255-9037 View (612) 255-9037
Photo of Sally Ankerfelt, Pastoral Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Sally Ankerfelt
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407
Do you or your family feel tired, stuck in chaos and ready to throw in the towel? Adoptive families may face unique challenges that require a supportive professional who has personal and professional knowledge of attachment adaptations, trauma responses, anxiety, grief, and the adoption circle. As a parent of three, all adopted transracially, I have faced both the joy and struggle of parenting. When working with you, I will bring my personal and professional experience using a sensitive, non-judgmental approach as I help you find renewed hope and joy for yourself and your family.
Do you or your family feel tired, stuck in chaos and ready to throw in the towel? Adoptive families may face unique challenges that require a supportive professional who has personal and professional knowledge of attachment adaptations, trauma responses, anxiety, grief, and the adoption circle. As a parent of three, all adopted transracially, I have faced both the joy and struggle of parenting. When working with you, I will bring my personal and professional experience using a sensitive, non-judgmental approach as I help you find renewed hope and joy for yourself and your family.
(612) 284-1622 View (612) 284-1622
Photo of Cameron Lee Small, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Cameron Lee Small
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55431
Please visit therapyredeemed.wordpress.com/about/ for more info & resources! Have you ever wondered about your adoption story? Has there ever been doubt, fear, anger, pain or confusion when it comes up? What’s it been like for you to process your personal experience of birth family, loss, grief, race, identity, or even those seemingly benign curiosities about your narrative that come up from time to time? For parents, of course you want to help your children as they embark on that path. This can often feel uncertain or overwhelming, with so many subtle nuances that feel way too complicated to handle without appropriate support.
Please visit therapyredeemed.wordpress.com/about/ for more info & resources! Have you ever wondered about your adoption story? Has there ever been doubt, fear, anger, pain or confusion when it comes up? What’s it been like for you to process your personal experience of birth family, loss, grief, race, identity, or even those seemingly benign curiosities about your narrative that come up from time to time? For parents, of course you want to help your children as they embark on that path. This can often feel uncertain or overwhelming, with so many subtle nuances that feel way too complicated to handle without appropriate support.
(952) 333-4688 View (952) 333-4688
Photo of Mike A Arieta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Mike A Arieta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, PACC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55406
I have obtained the Permanency and Adoption Certificate through the University of Minnesota and have knowledge in Trauma Informed Care and Adoption issues.
My partner Kristin Lindgren and I started New Path Counseling LLC to provide clinical social work services and educational assistance. I provide the clinical social work services focusing on work with adults, young adults, teens and others. I provide services based on a trauma informed approach and focus on adjustment disorder, depression, shame and guilt along with life transitions. I also provide Employee Assistance Program Services, Life Coaching and career counseling. You can also connect with me at: https://www.betterhelp.com/michael-arieta/
I have obtained the Permanency and Adoption Certificate through the University of Minnesota and have knowledge in Trauma Informed Care and Adoption issues.
My partner Kristin Lindgren and I started New Path Counseling LLC to provide clinical social work services and educational assistance. I provide the clinical social work services focusing on work with adults, young adults, teens and others. I provide services based on a trauma informed approach and focus on adjustment disorder, depression, shame and guilt along with life transitions. I also provide Employee Assistance Program Services, Life Coaching and career counseling. You can also connect with me at: https://www.betterhelp.com/michael-arieta/
(612) 294-9896 View (612) 294-9896
Photo of Kathleen Chara, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Kathleen Chara
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, Owner
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Are you looking for a family-focused solution to challenging family circumstances? Together, your family and our team will establish an individualized plan to meet individual and family goals. My team and I have both experience and passion towards working with diverse issues related to adults, children, women, and families. We at Heart to Heart offer trauma-informed care that includes: individual, family, group, and play therapy. We also have a Trauma Recovery Sensory Room and have Counseling-based Virtual Reality. We specialize in recovery from traumas as well as adoption/foster care related issues.
Are you looking for a family-focused solution to challenging family circumstances? Together, your family and our team will establish an individualized plan to meet individual and family goals. My team and I have both experience and passion towards working with diverse issues related to adults, children, women, and families. We at Heart to Heart offer trauma-informed care that includes: individual, family, group, and play therapy. We also have a Trauma Recovery Sensory Room and have Counseling-based Virtual Reality. We specialize in recovery from traumas as well as adoption/foster care related issues.
(612) 800-8301 View (612) 800-8301
Photo of Jess Holly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Jess Holly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55402  (Online Only)
Jess has extensive experience treating children with complex trauma and working with families facing challenges post-adoption.
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
Jess has extensive experience treating children with complex trauma and working with families facing challenges post-adoption.
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
(651) 359-9875 View (651) 359-9875
Photo of Yaneth Cunningham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Yaneth Cunningham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55430
“You were given this Life because you are strong enough to live it”. My personal journey of Adoption has fueled my passion to provide unconditional and authentic support for families and individuals with warmth & compassion. Since 2007 I’ve been working in the mental health field in a variety of roles which have enriched my clinical practice. I have been incredibly inspired by working with adolescent and young adults navigate the challenges of childhood & current life circumstances.
“You were given this Life because you are strong enough to live it”. My personal journey of Adoption has fueled my passion to provide unconditional and authentic support for families and individuals with warmth & compassion. Since 2007 I’ve been working in the mental health field in a variety of roles which have enriched my clinical practice. I have been incredibly inspired by working with adolescent and young adults navigate the challenges of childhood & current life circumstances.
(952) 649-5643 View (952) 649-5643
Photo of Jamie Halvorson, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Jamie Halvorson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55401  (Online Only)
I'm currently accepting new telehealth clients. I see clients for individual telehealth therapy ages 12 and older. Since working as a mental health therapist my clinical experiences include Anxiety, Depression, OCD, trauma, autism, ADHD, challenges making and keeping friends, grief, self-compassion, adoption and attachment, and domestic abuse perpetrators and victims.
I'm currently accepting new telehealth clients. I see clients for individual telehealth therapy ages 12 and older. Since working as a mental health therapist my clinical experiences include Anxiety, Depression, OCD, trauma, autism, ADHD, challenges making and keeping friends, grief, self-compassion, adoption and attachment, and domestic abuse perpetrators and victims.
(763) 402-8254 View (763) 402-8254
Photo of Laura Chapeau, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Laura Chapeau
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55439  (Online Only)
I enjoy supporting families facing parenting challenges, as well as the unique gifts and experiences of parenting children with special needs. I also enjoy working with adolescents and young adults who are struggling with life transitions, managing relationships, school concerns, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, I have significant experience working with individuals in the adoption triad, as well as those considering or in the midst of the adoption process, and following placement transition. It is common for families to experience increased stress, grief, and challenges related to trauma and attachment.
I enjoy supporting families facing parenting challenges, as well as the unique gifts and experiences of parenting children with special needs. I also enjoy working with adolescents and young adults who are struggling with life transitions, managing relationships, school concerns, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, I have significant experience working with individuals in the adoption triad, as well as those considering or in the midst of the adoption process, and following placement transition. It is common for families to experience increased stress, grief, and challenges related to trauma and attachment.
(612) 482-1646 View (612) 482-1646
Photo of Ashley I Nelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Ashley I Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Navigating transitionary periods, relationships, identity, and feelings of loneliness, guilt, or shame can be overwhelmingly difficult to manage, not including additional stressors surrounding large family dynamics and conflicts. I am here to support individuals, the BIPOC community, people looking for support in foster and adoption trauma, identity, self-worth, and feelings of fear of failure. I am here to offer support to teens, couples, young adults, and individuals looking to feel validated and heard as we work together to help you navigate the challenges and stressors in your life.
Navigating transitionary periods, relationships, identity, and feelings of loneliness, guilt, or shame can be overwhelmingly difficult to manage, not including additional stressors surrounding large family dynamics and conflicts. I am here to support individuals, the BIPOC community, people looking for support in foster and adoption trauma, identity, self-worth, and feelings of fear of failure. I am here to offer support to teens, couples, young adults, and individuals looking to feel validated and heard as we work together to help you navigate the challenges and stressors in your life.
(612) 800-8035 View (612) 800-8035
Photo of Aspen Counseling, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Aspen Counseling
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55400  (Online Only)
Send me an email to schedule a free virtual consultation. I work with people who are dealing with anxiety, depression, family issues, parenting and behavioral problems, work stress, trauma and abuse issues, autism spectrum disorders, family therapy, adoption issues, infertility, and self esteem issues.
Send me an email to schedule a free virtual consultation. I work with people who are dealing with anxiety, depression, family issues, parenting and behavioral problems, work stress, trauma and abuse issues, autism spectrum disorders, family therapy, adoption issues, infertility, and self esteem issues.
(763) 888-8947 View (763) 888-8947
Photo of Christina Gwenn Copeland in Minneapolis, MN
Christina Gwenn Copeland
MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55449
Areas; ADHD, Adoption, ASD, DD, Foster Care, Blended/Divorced Families and Attachment concerns, Aging and Lifespan issues, LGBTQ, Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia, Mood and Personality Disorders, Intellectual, Emotional and Physical Disabilities, Couples, Family and Relationship dynamics and Communication issues, Abuse, Trauma and Anger Management.
Christina enjoys working with individuals, couples and families helping support them in making changes they want to make. She has her B.A. in Sociology and Diversity Studies from SCSU and her M.S. in MHC from Walden University. She is an LPCC, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the State of MN. Christina has worked 10 years in clinical counseling. She has 24 additional years working with children, and families with services that are person-centered, strength-based and therapeutic. She has worked in foster and long-term residential based programs, as well as crisis, substance abuse treatment, vocational and education areas.
Areas; ADHD, Adoption, ASD, DD, Foster Care, Blended/Divorced Families and Attachment concerns, Aging and Lifespan issues, LGBTQ, Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia, Mood and Personality Disorders, Intellectual, Emotional and Physical Disabilities, Couples, Family and Relationship dynamics and Communication issues, Abuse, Trauma and Anger Management.
Christina enjoys working with individuals, couples and families helping support them in making changes they want to make. She has her B.A. in Sociology and Diversity Studies from SCSU and her M.S. in MHC from Walden University. She is an LPCC, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the State of MN. Christina has worked 10 years in clinical counseling. She has 24 additional years working with children, and families with services that are person-centered, strength-based and therapeutic. She has worked in foster and long-term residential based programs, as well as crisis, substance abuse treatment, vocational and education areas.
(636) 266-2065 View (636) 266-2065
Photo of Suzanne M Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Suzanne M Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55435
I serve adults, families, and children (ages 4-18) with a variety of challenges. I help men and women handle breakups or relationship difficulties, cope with being single, navigate dating, create healthy relationships, manage anger/ frustration, deal with depression, explore adoptee issues, and adapt to change or loss. I serve families with children who are pushing boundaries, fighting with or blaming others, worrying excessively, yelling/talking back, lacking appropriate social skills or have poor self-esteem. I also work with adoptive families who are concerned about their adopted child's "problem" behaviors, difficulties adjusting, or challenges in connecting with others.
I serve adults, families, and children (ages 4-18) with a variety of challenges. I help men and women handle breakups or relationship difficulties, cope with being single, navigate dating, create healthy relationships, manage anger/ frustration, deal with depression, explore adoptee issues, and adapt to change or loss. I serve families with children who are pushing boundaries, fighting with or blaming others, worrying excessively, yelling/talking back, lacking appropriate social skills or have poor self-esteem. I also work with adoptive families who are concerned about their adopted child's "problem" behaviors, difficulties adjusting, or challenges in connecting with others.
(612) 217-1916 View (612) 217-1916
Photo of Rebecca Hea Rin Marks, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Minneapolis, MN
Rebecca Hea Rin Marks
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Are you looking for an authentic connection that is rooted in stability, consistency, dependability, and kindness? Do you need someone more than a friend, but not as intimate as a partner? If you are seeking a confidant; someone who trusts you and whom you can trust with your most deeply held thoughts and feelings, and you have been on a long quest, perhaps, searching for a good fit, but no one seems to fill the role quite right, or truly meet your needs - total perfection, frankly, does not exist, but a compassionate , complementary, endearing connection does - and is found right here.
Are you looking for an authentic connection that is rooted in stability, consistency, dependability, and kindness? Do you need someone more than a friend, but not as intimate as a partner? If you are seeking a confidant; someone who trusts you and whom you can trust with your most deeply held thoughts and feelings, and you have been on a long quest, perhaps, searching for a good fit, but no one seems to fill the role quite right, or truly meet your needs - total perfection, frankly, does not exist, but a compassionate , complementary, endearing connection does - and is found right here.
(651) 369-6487 View (651) 369-6487
Photo of Joanna L Kelly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Joanna L Kelly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Worried about your child's behavior? Struggling with parenting? Concerned about your adolescent's self image or self harm? Stuck in a negative cycle with your significant other and unsure how to connect again? Coming to terms with divorce and co-parenting? Wanting to improve family communication? Battling the shadows of depression and anxiety? Wanting change in your life but not sure what? Seeking therapy is hard and deeply personal. You are the expert in your life and I strive to make each client feel accepted, safe and understood. Together, we can discover your unique path to change and healing within yourself and relationships.
Worried about your child's behavior? Struggling with parenting? Concerned about your adolescent's self image or self harm? Stuck in a negative cycle with your significant other and unsure how to connect again? Coming to terms with divorce and co-parenting? Wanting to improve family communication? Battling the shadows of depression and anxiety? Wanting change in your life but not sure what? Seeking therapy is hard and deeply personal. You are the expert in your life and I strive to make each client feel accepted, safe and understood. Together, we can discover your unique path to change and healing within yourself and relationships.
(612) 276-6301 View (612) 276-6301
Photo of Mosaic Psychological Assessment, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Mosaic Psychological Assessment
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55410
Clients come to Mosaic Psychological Assessment, to find answers to a broad range of questions, such as what diagnosis makes sense for them (e.g., ADHD, Depression, etc.) to questions about what is making them feel stuck in their forward progress in life, in therapy, in relationships, at work, or in school. What does the mosaic of your life look like? What are each of the small tiles that add up to the picture of who you are now? What would you like to change?
Clients come to Mosaic Psychological Assessment, to find answers to a broad range of questions, such as what diagnosis makes sense for them (e.g., ADHD, Depression, etc.) to questions about what is making them feel stuck in their forward progress in life, in therapy, in relationships, at work, or in school. What does the mosaic of your life look like? What are each of the small tiles that add up to the picture of who you are now? What would you like to change?
(952) 592-9173 View (952) 592-9173
Photo of Sandra Streitman, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Sandra Streitman
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55426
Sandra Streitman, Ph. D. is a clinical neuropsychologist with interest in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, OCD, learning disabilities, mood and anxiety disorders, and pervasive developmental (autism spectrum) disorders. She specializes in neuropsychology testing and evaluations for children, adolescents, and adults. She integrates neurocognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of these disorders in order help parents better understand and manage the behaviors. She also evaluates intellectually gifted children with accompanying learning and attention issues, and children with seizures, and traumatic brain injuries. She encourages early intervention for learning and attention disorders, the importance of multi-disciplinary collaboration, and neuropsychological evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Sandra Streitman, Ph. D. is a clinical neuropsychologist with interest in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders such as ADHD, OCD, learning disabilities, mood and anxiety disorders, and pervasive developmental (autism spectrum) disorders. She specializes in neuropsychology testing and evaluations for children, adolescents, and adults. She integrates neurocognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of these disorders in order help parents better understand and manage the behaviors. She also evaluates intellectually gifted children with accompanying learning and attention issues, and children with seizures, and traumatic brain injuries. She encourages early intervention for learning and attention disorders, the importance of multi-disciplinary collaboration, and neuropsychological evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
(952) 856-7394 View (952) 856-7394
Photo of Lyndsie Standerwick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Lyndsie Standerwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407
In-Person sessions with COVID-19 precautions in place and Virtual sessions available. Lyndsie Standerwick is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Registered Play Therapist. She has over 10 years of experience working in the mental health field with children, adolescents, women, and families. Lyndsie is passionate about walking alongside clients and families as they find what they need within themselves to live life more fully. Lyndsie aims to listen to clients without judgement and to provide feedback and support honestly.
In-Person sessions with COVID-19 precautions in place and Virtual sessions available. Lyndsie Standerwick is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Registered Play Therapist. She has over 10 years of experience working in the mental health field with children, adolescents, women, and families. Lyndsie is passionate about walking alongside clients and families as they find what they need within themselves to live life more fully. Lyndsie aims to listen to clients without judgement and to provide feedback and support honestly.
(612) 361-2247 View (612) 361-2247

Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.