Photo of Ellen Carol Singer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Ellen Carol Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
(240) 702-2188 View (240) 702-2188
Photo of Creative Counseling Connections, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Creative Counseling Connections
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Germantown, MD 20874
Gabby Berry, LGPC & play therapist serves primarily children/teens, including parents as an important piece of the puzzle. Gabby combines skill-building with creative arts, play therapy (for littles) and teaches her clients how their thoughts affect feelings & behaviors. She enjoys working with anxiety, & building connection within the family, reducing unwanted behaviors. While Gabby is able to work with most pediatric issues, she has received specialized training in anxiety, developmental trauma and adoption (TBRI & TF-CBT, theraplay), also utilizes Brain Integration for natural treatment of ADHD.
Gabby Berry, LGPC & play therapist serves primarily children/teens, including parents as an important piece of the puzzle. Gabby combines skill-building with creative arts, play therapy (for littles) and teaches her clients how their thoughts affect feelings & behaviors. She enjoys working with anxiety, & building connection within the family, reducing unwanted behaviors. While Gabby is able to work with most pediatric issues, she has received specialized training in anxiety, developmental trauma and adoption (TBRI & TF-CBT, theraplay), also utilizes Brain Integration for natural treatment of ADHD.
(301) 636-5182 View (301) 636-5182
Photo of Reena Bernards, Marriage & Family Therapist in Maryland
Reena Bernards
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
(301) 433-7659 View (301) 433-7659
Photo of Linda L. Bloch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Linda L. Bloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW-C, RN
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(301) 684-5357 View (301) 684-5357
Photo of Lisa Bridges, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Lisa Bridges
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
I specialize in issues affecting members of the adoption community but love working with people from all family backgrounds and situations.
Are you feeling stuck? Maybe it's due to anxiety, a change in life circumstances, or relationship issues. Or maybe you've reached the limits of what you can figure out on your own. If you’re willing to show up, I’m here to help.
I specialize in issues affecting members of the adoption community but love working with people from all family backgrounds and situations.
Are you feeling stuck? Maybe it's due to anxiety, a change in life circumstances, or relationship issues. Or maybe you've reached the limits of what you can figure out on your own. If you’re willing to show up, I’m here to help.
(443) 775-2241 View (443) 775-2241
Photo of Brenda L Yuen, Counselor in Maryland
Brenda L Yuen
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Potomac, MD 20878  (Online Only)
Are you a teenager (or young adult) who struggles with cultural and racial identity due to immigration, parental or familial immigration, or international/inter-racial adoption? Or are you a teen (15 to 18) or adult of any age with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger, and/or struggling with life adjustments? Because education is power, we will touch on MH concepts through psycho-educational information and focus on other personal tools to help you learn new ways of relating with, changing, or living along side your struggles. Hope comes from willingness to change and grow! As of October, 2023, I have a few openings.
Are you a teenager (or young adult) who struggles with cultural and racial identity due to immigration, parental or familial immigration, or international/inter-racial adoption? Or are you a teen (15 to 18) or adult of any age with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger, and/or struggling with life adjustments? Because education is power, we will touch on MH concepts through psycho-educational information and focus on other personal tools to help you learn new ways of relating with, changing, or living along side your struggles. Hope comes from willingness to change and grow! As of October, 2023, I have a few openings.
(301) 329-6090 View (301) 329-6090
Photo of Emma Wanroy, Counselor in Maryland
Emma Wanroy
Counselor, MA, LGPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
(240) 512-8119 View (240) 512-8119
Photo of Jessica Butler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Jessica Butler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
College Park, MD 20742  (Online Only)
I provide counseling for individuals and families. I specialize in family-systems models, attachment oriented therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have worked with many individuals and families that struggle with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and abusive relationships. In addition, I have experience working with children that are struggling with adoption. By utilizing an individualized insight-oriented approach, I can help both children and adults process emotions and achieve positive progress to reach their goals. I am a strong believer of the mind/body/spirit connection.
I provide counseling for individuals and families. I specialize in family-systems models, attachment oriented therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have worked with many individuals and families that struggle with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and abusive relationships. In addition, I have experience working with children that are struggling with adoption. By utilizing an individualized insight-oriented approach, I can help both children and adults process emotions and achieve positive progress to reach their goals. I am a strong believer of the mind/body/spirit connection.
(410) 469-7463 View (410) 469-7463
Photo of Christa Carlton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Christa Carlton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
(443) 785-2982 View (443) 785-2982
Photo of Joanne Wolf Small, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Joanne Wolf Small
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
(301) 298-3135 View (301) 298-3135
Photo of Jodi Cobb, Marriage & Family Therapist in Maryland
Jodi Cobb
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Ellicott City, MD 21043  (Online Only)
With over 35 years of experience, I bring compassion, humor, and creativity to my work with individuals and families. My professional interests include psychotherapy with parent-child dyads, parent support from an attachment-focused lens, and individual work with adults and teens. I have experience and interest in working with families impacted by attachment issues, adoption, foster care, trauma, and the LGBTQIA+ community.
With over 35 years of experience, I bring compassion, humor, and creativity to my work with individuals and families. My professional interests include psychotherapy with parent-child dyads, parent support from an attachment-focused lens, and individual work with adults and teens. I have experience and interest in working with families impacted by attachment issues, adoption, foster care, trauma, and the LGBTQIA+ community.
(443) 400-7310 View (443) 400-7310
Photo of The Barker Adoption Foundation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
The Barker Adoption Foundation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
(240) 245-2720 View (240) 245-2720
Photo of Carroll Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Carroll Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286
Maybe you've seen lots of different therapists, how will adoption focused counseling be different? As a transracial adoptee myself, I have personal insight and have worked with many families like yours.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
Maybe you've seen lots of different therapists, how will adoption focused counseling be different? As a transracial adoptee myself, I have personal insight and have worked with many families like yours.
Finding a therapist you connect with can feel so overwhelming you avoid it. But that is probably why you're here, because there have been things you've been avoiding and you're ready to get some help. Being foster and adoptive parents is way harder than most people understand, especially those who haven't experienced the invasive and arduous process. As a teen or young adult, you might be feeling lost or angry. You might be having a harder time than others figuring out who are you are and where you fit in the world. My style fuses warmth, humor, and directness.
(540) 401-5455 View (540) 401-5455
Photo of Rachel Harrison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Maryland
Rachel Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMH, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21701
I specialize in working with those who have been touched by the circle of adoption, including individuals who have been adopted, adoptive families, and birth families.
Many people are facing difficult challenges in life, both past and present. If this is you, I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you and work together to create a plan for therapy that will lead to feeling better and to the resolution of your past difficulties. I specialize in EMDR Therapy, anxiety, and those touched by the circle of adoption.
I specialize in working with those who have been touched by the circle of adoption, including individuals who have been adopted, adoptive families, and birth families.
Many people are facing difficult challenges in life, both past and present. If this is you, I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you and work together to create a plan for therapy that will lead to feeling better and to the resolution of your past difficulties. I specialize in EMDR Therapy, anxiety, and those touched by the circle of adoption.
(301) 304-7108 View (301) 304-7108
Photo of Crystal Marcus August, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Crystal Marcus August
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, CGP
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
I have expertise in adoption, infertility, and the sometimes delayed residual experiences of trauma and abuse.
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples, often in transition or crisis. If we work together, you will become more fully self-aware and present as you improve and deepen your relationships with others. I am a warm and engaged participant in the psychotherapy and problem-solving process and as such, I am continually awed by each person's story and the unique reservoirs found to deal with life's difficulties.
I have expertise in adoption, infertility, and the sometimes delayed residual experiences of trauma and abuse.
I work with adults, adolescents, and couples, often in transition or crisis. If we work together, you will become more fully self-aware and present as you improve and deepen your relationships with others. I am a warm and engaged participant in the psychotherapy and problem-solving process and as such, I am continually awed by each person's story and the unique reservoirs found to deal with life's difficulties.
(240) 321-9906 View (240) 321-9906
Photo of Nicole Maus-Chaudhury, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Nicole Maus-Chaudhury
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Ellicott City, MD 21043
I'm also an adoptive parent, so I'm personally and professionally well-versed in the questions, concerns, and problems related to adoption.
I believe that you have the capability to help yourself, but perhaps you need my knowledge and support to do so. My purpose is to help you tap into your strengths and what you already know about yourself, and help you to change your thoughts in order to change how you feel. My goal is to empower you and guide you toward your goals, whether they involve improving your family relationships, managing anxiety or depression, or dealing with work or school stressors.
I'm also an adoptive parent, so I'm personally and professionally well-versed in the questions, concerns, and problems related to adoption.
I believe that you have the capability to help yourself, but perhaps you need my knowledge and support to do so. My purpose is to help you tap into your strengths and what you already know about yourself, and help you to change your thoughts in order to change how you feel. My goal is to empower you and guide you toward your goals, whether they involve improving your family relationships, managing anxiety or depression, or dealing with work or school stressors.
(410) 517-7533 View (410) 517-7533
Photo of Michelle Valdivia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Michelle Valdivia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Adoption is a profound and enduring journey that encompasses a range of developmental challenges and milestones. It is not merely a singular event but an ongoing process of personal growth. I have a personal connection to adoption and specialize in offering customized therapy for children and teenagers grappling with issues like anxiety, ADHD, grief, transitions, and behavioral difficulties.
Adoption is a profound and enduring journey that encompasses a range of developmental challenges and milestones. It is not merely a singular event but an ongoing process of personal growth. I have a personal connection to adoption and specialize in offering customized therapy for children and teenagers grappling with issues like anxiety, ADHD, grief, transitions, and behavioral difficulties.
(240) 571-2291 View (240) 571-2291
Photo of Anna C Maling Therapy, Counselor in Maryland
Anna C Maling Therapy
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Havre De Grace, MD 21078  (Online Only)
Currently accepting NEW clients! I work with clients during all life transitions, but particularly ones around reproductive mental health. If you are experiencing an unintended pregnancy, I offer unbiased support navigating options of parenting, adoption or abortion. Whatever you decide, you can reflect and process during our time together. You might be experiencing the life transition of a pregnancy or postpartum. This is an exciting time that is also filled with big emotional swings. Be seen. Be heard. Be supported. Be safe. Be you.
Currently accepting NEW clients! I work with clients during all life transitions, but particularly ones around reproductive mental health. If you are experiencing an unintended pregnancy, I offer unbiased support navigating options of parenting, adoption or abortion. Whatever you decide, you can reflect and process during our time together. You might be experiencing the life transition of a pregnancy or postpartum. This is an exciting time that is also filled with big emotional swings. Be seen. Be heard. Be supported. Be safe. Be you.
(443) 903-2588 View (443) 903-2588
Photo of Classen-Miller and Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Classen-Miller and Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
Specialties of our therapists include depression, anxiety, addiction, substance abuse, bipolar, borderline personality, dual diagnosis, self-harm, OCD, psychosis, eating disorders, adoption, learning disability, ADHD, autism, insomnia, divorce, women's issues, infertility, cross-cultural, marital, couples, relationships, family conflict, trauma, PTSD, grief.
TELETHERAPY AND IN-OFFICE APPOINTMENTS with experienced psychotherapists who are licensed at the highest level of their profession. We accept mayor insurance plans and work with children, adolescents, adults, couples and families, Our clinicians reflect the full diversity of our community. We provide a safe and nonjudgmental environment that enables our clients to work towards solutions, develop coping skills and have a better understanding of the issues that interfere with self-esteem and a sense of well being.
(301) 918-5312 View (301) 918-5312
Photo of Anne M Cosimano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Anne M Cosimano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
In my work as a therapist for the past 25+ years I have witnessed the incredible strength and resilience in people despite life's hardships, losses and traumas. I work with adults, teens and tweens to deal with life's challenges such as relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, adoption,parenting, and divorce. As people gain deeper understanding of themselves and their behaviors , they are often able to make changes to improve their self esteem, strengthen their relationships, cope with life's ups and downs,and achieve deeper satisfaction in their lives.
In my work as a therapist for the past 25+ years I have witnessed the incredible strength and resilience in people despite life's hardships, losses and traumas. I work with adults, teens and tweens to deal with life's challenges such as relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, adoption,parenting, and divorce. As people gain deeper understanding of themselves and their behaviors , they are often able to make changes to improve their self esteem, strengthen their relationships, cope with life's ups and downs,and achieve deeper satisfaction in their lives.
(301) 850-2432 View (301) 850-2432

Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.