Adoption Therapists in Maryland

Photo of Melissa Herendeen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Melissa Herendeen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
I work with children, adolescents, and adults touched by adoption. Through an attachment and trauma-informed approach clients are able to find internal safety and better understanding of themselves and their experience as an adopted person, parent, or birth parent. Many clients come with complex layers of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, relationship challenges, and ambiguous grief. Through the therapeutic relationship clients gain tools for internal validation, strategies to best manage their challenges, and opportunities to explore complex emotions in a safe environment.
I work with children, adolescents, and adults touched by adoption. Through an attachment and trauma-informed approach clients are able to find internal safety and better understanding of themselves and their experience as an adopted person, parent, or birth parent. Many clients come with complex layers of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, relationship challenges, and ambiguous grief. Through the therapeutic relationship clients gain tools for internal validation, strategies to best manage their challenges, and opportunities to explore complex emotions in a safe environment.
(240) 652-2309 View (240) 652-2309
Photo of Benjamin Hurlburt, Counselor in Maryland
Benjamin Hurlburt
Counselor
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701
I am trained in attachment-focused therapies such as TBRI (Trust-Based Relational Intervention) and Theraplay, especially designed for early developmental trauma experienced through foster care or adoption.
Immediate openings as of 4/28. Hi, I'm Ben! I work with children, teens & adults who want help with disordered eating or body image concerns, AFRID (restrictive eating), binge eating, depression, painful childhood experiences, or trauma. I am known for my patient & supportive nature, having a knack for helping clients open up and "put the pieces together" of their story. I use techniques such as CBT (assessing thought patterns & how they affect emotions, behavior or eating patterns), Health at Every Size, body positivity, EMDR & Cognitive Processing Therapy for trauma, and art therapy. Faith-based counseling available upon request.
I am trained in attachment-focused therapies such as TBRI (Trust-Based Relational Intervention) and Theraplay, especially designed for early developmental trauma experienced through foster care or adoption.
Immediate openings as of 4/28. Hi, I'm Ben! I work with children, teens & adults who want help with disordered eating or body image concerns, AFRID (restrictive eating), binge eating, depression, painful childhood experiences, or trauma. I am known for my patient & supportive nature, having a knack for helping clients open up and "put the pieces together" of their story. I use techniques such as CBT (assessing thought patterns & how they affect emotions, behavior or eating patterns), Health at Every Size, body positivity, EMDR & Cognitive Processing Therapy for trauma, and art therapy. Faith-based counseling available upon request.
(240) 692-3769 View (240) 692-3769
Photo of Creative Counseling Connections, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Creative Counseling Connections
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Germantown, MD 20874
Sara Rodriguez serves adults, children/teens, including parents as an important piece of the puzzle. Sara combines skill-building with creative arts, play therapy (for littles) and teaches her clients how their thoughts affect feelings & behaviors. She enjoys working with anxiety, & building connection within the family, reducing unwanted behaviors. While Sara is able to work with most pediatric issues, she has received specialized training in anxiety, developmental trauma and adoption (TBRI & TF-CBT, theraplay), also utilizes Brain Integration for natural treatment of ADHD.
Sara Rodriguez serves adults, children/teens, including parents as an important piece of the puzzle. Sara combines skill-building with creative arts, play therapy (for littles) and teaches her clients how their thoughts affect feelings & behaviors. She enjoys working with anxiety, & building connection within the family, reducing unwanted behaviors. While Sara is able to work with most pediatric issues, she has received specialized training in anxiety, developmental trauma and adoption (TBRI & TF-CBT, theraplay), also utilizes Brain Integration for natural treatment of ADHD.
(301) 636-5182 View (301) 636-5182
Photo of Jade Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Jade Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21286
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals, families, caregivers 12+ specializing in issues relating to complex trauma (CPTSD), transracial/international adoption, LGBTQ+, and Neurodivergence (ADHD). If you are looking to heal from trauma, increase your understanding of how your nervous system operates, or improve your mind-body connection, you're in the right place!
I work with individuals, families, caregivers 12+ specializing in issues relating to complex trauma (CPTSD), transracial/international adoption, LGBTQ+, and Neurodivergence (ADHD). If you are looking to heal from trauma, increase your understanding of how your nervous system operates, or improve your mind-body connection, you're in the right place!
(443) 232-2755 View (443) 232-2755
Photo of Linda L. Bloch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Linda L. Bloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW-C, RN
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
My practice includes issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, adoption, domestic violence, grief.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(301) 684-5357 View (301) 684-5357
Photo of Griff Doyle, Psychologist in Maryland
Griff Doyle
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chevy Chase, MD 20825  (Online Only)
I have spent 42 years treating adults and couples suffering from depression, disabling anxiety, repeated relational problems, trauma, and grief.I also speciaize in child developmental and play therapies with a range of challenges for which I design treatment plans individually. I determine the course of child treatment according to my assessment of their level of development. I involve parents to varying extents in the therapy. Over the years, I have become most specialized working with separation/divorce, attachment, anxiety, depression, behavioral, and neuro-developmental, and adoption difficulties for children and their families.
I have spent 42 years treating adults and couples suffering from depression, disabling anxiety, repeated relational problems, trauma, and grief.I also speciaize in child developmental and play therapies with a range of challenges for which I design treatment plans individually. I determine the course of child treatment according to my assessment of their level of development. I involve parents to varying extents in the therapy. Over the years, I have become most specialized working with separation/divorce, attachment, anxiety, depression, behavioral, and neuro-developmental, and adoption difficulties for children and their families.
(301) 652-8308 View (301) 652-8308
Photo of Victoria Alves, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Victoria Alves
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; assessing readiness for navigating relationships with birth families; or struggling with difficult behaviors? I can help.
Victoria was transracially adopted from China as an infant. Her previous work history includes: supervising visitation between parents and their children, working as a school counselor in a public charter school, providing intensive, home-based therapy to children with intense emotional and behavioral needs, and providing clinical case management to LGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness. Victoria believes strongly in client-oriented services and that everyone should have access to the opportunities and support that they need to succeed. Victoria is also passionate about self-improvement and continuing to learn throughout your life.
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; assessing readiness for navigating relationships with birth families; or struggling with difficult behaviors? I can help.
Victoria was transracially adopted from China as an infant. Her previous work history includes: supervising visitation between parents and their children, working as a school counselor in a public charter school, providing intensive, home-based therapy to children with intense emotional and behavioral needs, and providing clinical case management to LGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness. Victoria believes strongly in client-oriented services and that everyone should have access to the opportunities and support that they need to succeed. Victoria is also passionate about self-improvement and continuing to learn throughout your life.
(240) 716-5698 View (240) 716-5698
Photo of Brenda L Yuen, Counselor in Maryland
Brenda L Yuen
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Potomac, MD 20878  (Online Only)
Are you a teenager (or young adult) who struggles with cultural and racial identity due to immigration, parental or familial immigration, or international/inter-racial adoption? Or are you a teen (15 to 18) or adult of any age with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger, and/or struggling with life adjustments? Because education is power, we will touch on MH concepts through psycho-educational information and focus on other personal tools to help you learn new ways of relating with, changing, or living along side your struggles. Hope comes from willingness to change and grow! As of October, 2023, I have a few openings.
Are you a teenager (or young adult) who struggles with cultural and racial identity due to immigration, parental or familial immigration, or international/inter-racial adoption? Or are you a teen (15 to 18) or adult of any age with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, anger, and/or struggling with life adjustments? Because education is power, we will touch on MH concepts through psycho-educational information and focus on other personal tools to help you learn new ways of relating with, changing, or living along side your struggles. Hope comes from willingness to change and grow! As of October, 2023, I have a few openings.
(301) 329-6090 View (301) 329-6090
Photo of Jessica Butler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Jessica Butler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
College Park, MD 20742  (Online Only)
I provide counseling for individuals and families. I specialize in family-systems models, attachment oriented therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have worked with many individuals and families that struggle with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and abusive relationships. In addition, I have experience working with children that are struggling with adoption. By utilizing an individualized insight-oriented approach, I can help both children and adults process emotions and achieve positive progress to reach their goals. I am a strong believer of the mind/body/spirit connection.
I provide counseling for individuals and families. I specialize in family-systems models, attachment oriented therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have worked with many individuals and families that struggle with anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, substance abuse, and abusive relationships. In addition, I have experience working with children that are struggling with adoption. By utilizing an individualized insight-oriented approach, I can help both children and adults process emotions and achieve positive progress to reach their goals. I am a strong believer of the mind/body/spirit connection.
(410) 469-7463 View (410) 469-7463
Photo of Varda Makovsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Varda Makovsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20902
I have a special interest and extensive experience working with individuals who were adopted - at all stages of their adult lives, as they explore how adoption may have impacted their lives, identity and relationships.
Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and/or are navigating life transitions, my goal is to create a safe and supportive space for exploration and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered and collaborative. I work with clients to gain enhanced self-understanding, address challenges, build resilience, adopt new coping skills and affect meaningful change. Special areas of focus include: anxiety, depression, fertility and family-building, grief/loss, adult ADHD, family dynamics, and life transitions.
I have a special interest and extensive experience working with individuals who were adopted - at all stages of their adult lives, as they explore how adoption may have impacted their lives, identity and relationships.
Whether you struggle with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and/or are navigating life transitions, my goal is to create a safe and supportive space for exploration and growth. My approach to therapy is client-centered and collaborative. I work with clients to gain enhanced self-understanding, address challenges, build resilience, adopt new coping skills and affect meaningful change. Special areas of focus include: anxiety, depression, fertility and family-building, grief/loss, adult ADHD, family dynamics, and life transitions.
(301) 701-5238 View (301) 701-5238
Photo of Lisa Bridges, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Lisa Bridges
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Annapolis, MD 21401
I specialize in issues affecting members of the adoption community but love working with people from all family backgrounds and situations.
Are you feeling stuck? Maybe it's due to anxiety, a change in life circumstances, or relationship issues. Or maybe you've reached the limits of what you can figure out on your own. If you’re willing to show up, I’m here to help.
I specialize in issues affecting members of the adoption community but love working with people from all family backgrounds and situations.
Are you feeling stuck? Maybe it's due to anxiety, a change in life circumstances, or relationship issues. Or maybe you've reached the limits of what you can figure out on your own. If you’re willing to show up, I’m here to help.
(443) 775-2241 View (443) 775-2241
Photo of Diane M Ochalek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Diane M Ochalek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701  (Online Only)
I also have a great deal of experience working with children that have learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and issues around adoption and attachment.
Are you looking for better communication with your partner? Are you hoping for a more harmonious family life? You may have a child with special needs, or a blended family. Every family has it's own unique issues and struggles.
I also have a great deal of experience working with children that have learning disabilities, behavioral issues, and issues around adoption and attachment.
Are you looking for better communication with your partner? Are you hoping for a more harmonious family life? You may have a child with special needs, or a blended family. Every family has it's own unique issues and struggles.
(240) 474-9150 View (240) 474-9150
Photo of Carin Sailer, Counselor in Maryland
Carin Sailer
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Severna Park, MD 21146  (Online Only)
Carin has been an invited speaker on topics related to queer identity, figuring out parenthood, adoption, identity formation, spirituality, & the intersection of minoritized identities (e.
Carin Sailer LGPC (They/Them) helps individuals overcome feelings of anxiety, depression, and poor self-esteem. They work with individuals on exploring identity, managing internalized “isms”, and finding new adaptive ways to cope. Carin specializes in working with individuals on general mental health concerns while also working with transgender & non-binary adults, parents processing their own identity (or their child’s), and those endorsing an identity in “mid-life” (whatever that means!)
Carin has been an invited speaker on topics related to queer identity, figuring out parenthood, adoption, identity formation, spirituality, & the intersection of minoritized identities (e.
Carin Sailer LGPC (They/Them) helps individuals overcome feelings of anxiety, depression, and poor self-esteem. They work with individuals on exploring identity, managing internalized “isms”, and finding new adaptive ways to cope. Carin specializes in working with individuals on general mental health concerns while also working with transgender & non-binary adults, parents processing their own identity (or their child’s), and those endorsing an identity in “mid-life” (whatever that means!)
(410) 498-5434 x210 View (410) 498-5434 x210
Photo of Reena Bernards, Marriage & Family Therapist in Maryland
Reena Bernards
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
Close and warm relationships are key to a successful family life, individual health, and to a happy life as a couple. I work collaboratively with families to improve communication between parent and child, deal with underlying emotions, and to address problems together. I help couples find their way back to the initial strong bond that brought them together. I assist parents in finding successful strategies to deal with emotional outbursts, school difficulties, and sibling conflicts. Together we address specific challenges that children face such as learning differences and mood swings. I specialize in working with adoption and multicultural families.
(301) 433-7659 View (301) 433-7659
Photo of The Barker Adoption Foundation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
The Barker Adoption Foundation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethesda, MD 20814
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
Are you wondering if your child's current struggles are related to developmental challenges related to adoption or something else; struggling with decisions about how and when to share specific adoption information with your child; is your child ready for search/reunion; need assistance navigating an open adoption, behavioral challenges? Give me a call.
Touched by Adoption? The Barker Foundation recognizes that adoption is a lifelong journey, with normal developmental challenges and tasks. We will walk with you through and support you through your journey. Whether you are an adoptive parent with a child that is struggling emotionally or academically; a birth parent who is seeking understanding, reflection, or search and reunion; or an adoptee looking for support- we are here for you.
(240) 245-2720 View (240) 245-2720
Photo of Joanne Wolf Small, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Joanne Wolf Small
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20814
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
Forty years personal and professional experience uniquely qualifies me to understand the particular issues affecting individuals touched by adoption, infertility, kinship, attachment, and DNA search.
I believe we are all finally recognizing that a more holistic approach to treatment is needed. With over 40+ years of experience working in community mental health and private practice, I know the importance on our assessing and understanding all of the ways society impacts every individual. Everything around us matters, even beyond our personal relationships with our families, colleagues and friends. Speaking as a proud social worker, I know to effectively diagnose and treat a human problem needs a fully inclusive, psycho-social model of evaluation. I am here, tailored to help for your specific and unique needs.
(301) 298-3135 View (301) 298-3135
Photo of Emma Wanroy, Counselor in Maryland
Emma Wanroy
Counselor, MA, LGPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
Because of my lived experience as an adoptee, and training as an adoption competent therapist, I am most passionate about helping other adoptees navigate their identity and better understand how their adoption has impacted them throughout their lives.
I'm only seeing clients located in Maryland and fully virtual! I believe by exploring our past experiences and relationships we can find answers to better understand our own behaviors and thought processes. Our best healing happens throughout the context of a safe relationship and that is what I offer in therapy; a safe place where my client can explore their pain, trauma, hurt, and confusion in order to heal and live the most meaningful life possible. My clients know what their goals are and are excited to get to work but may need more accountability or support. Sometimes they aren't so clear and I can help with that, too!
(240) 512-8119 View (240) 512-8119
Photo of Julie Bulitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Julie Bulitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20906  (Online Only)
I am affiliated with Center for Adoption Support and Education (CASE) and was trained as adoption competent therapist.
I am committed to offering the very best in individual, couples and family therapy. Specialties include ADHD and executive function coaching, with an expertise in adoption, anxiety and learning disabilities. I use a strength based approach to helping people find life balance. I work with my clients to find strategies that help them improve their lives.
I am affiliated with Center for Adoption Support and Education (CASE) and was trained as adoption competent therapist.
I am committed to offering the very best in individual, couples and family therapy. Specialties include ADHD and executive function coaching, with an expertise in adoption, anxiety and learning disabilities. I use a strength based approach to helping people find life balance. I work with my clients to find strategies that help them improve their lives.
(240) 724-2528 View (240) 724-2528
Photo of Ellen Carol Singer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Ellen Carol Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
(240) 702-2188 View (240) 702-2188
Photo of Christa Carlton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Maryland
Christa Carlton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, LICSW, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21286  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
I specialize in working with people impacted by adoption and survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.
People come to me with the need for a non-judgmental space to explore their own lived experiences and express their thoughts and feelings. I specialize in supporting survivors of trauma and employ a client-centered, strengths-based approach. I help clients develop insight around factors influencing development, understand the mind-body connection, and explore individualized strategies for optimizing mental wellness. I have experience supporting clients around a variety of needs including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, neurodiversity, identity, special needs parenting, relationships, behaviors, and substance use.
(443) 785-2982 View (443) 785-2982
Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.