Therapists in Topeka, KS

Photo of Shauna B Vega, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Shauna B Vega
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614  (Online Only)
Everyone needs help navigating life's biggest challenges, regrets, losses, illnesses, and/or worries. Sometimes the support system we have been relying upon is just not enough to help us overcome our current frustrations. Anxiety and depression can seep in and take over without us even realizing how paralyzing it can be. Rejuvenate your sense of well-being and get back on track. You have taken the first encouraging step by reaching out to get more help in setting up your goals to a better well-being.
Everyone needs help navigating life's biggest challenges, regrets, losses, illnesses, and/or worries. Sometimes the support system we have been relying upon is just not enough to help us overcome our current frustrations. Anxiety and depression can seep in and take over without us even realizing how paralyzing it can be. Rejuvenate your sense of well-being and get back on track. You have taken the first encouraging step by reaching out to get more help in setting up your goals to a better well-being.
(785) 322-9483 View (785) 322-9483
Photo of Greg Gober, Licensed Professional Counselor in Topeka, KS
Greg Gober
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
I am a retired veteran whose passion for helping people developed during my time in the military from working with Active-Duty Service Members and their families through the struggles that they faced on a regular basis. I work with individuals and couples dealing with trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and adjustment concerns to name a few. Regardless of how overwhelmed you may be feeling, there are people available who can help you to be able to manage and function during those times (even in those moments where we feel that it is not possible).
I am a retired veteran whose passion for helping people developed during my time in the military from working with Active-Duty Service Members and their families through the struggles that they faced on a regular basis. I work with individuals and couples dealing with trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and adjustment concerns to name a few. Regardless of how overwhelmed you may be feeling, there are people available who can help you to be able to manage and function during those times (even in those moments where we feel that it is not possible).
(785) 249-8276 View (785) 249-8276
Photo of Renata H. Coleman, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Renata H. Coleman, LSCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66604  (Online Only)
Clinical Social Worker seeking to improve the quality of life and well being of individuals, couples and families. Helping to cope with and solve issues in everyday life; emotional, behavioral and relationship issues.
Clinical Social Worker seeking to improve the quality of life and well being of individuals, couples and families. Helping to cope with and solve issues in everyday life; emotional, behavioral and relationship issues.
(785) 282-7596 View (785) 282-7596
Photo of Angela D McClain, Licensed Professional Counselor in Topeka, KS
Angela D McClain
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LCAC, LIMHP, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Welcome. So glad you stopped by :) Feeling challenged, depressive, anxious, or unsupported? If so, I'd feel privileged to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery & healing. I'm extremely passionate about working w/ my clients & believe my passion shines through, creating an effective, empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am highly skilled in anxiety, mood, personality, anxiety, addiction disorders, PTSD, and relationship challenges. Too often, we don't place our well-being as a priority, but we SHOULD, because it WILL make a difference in your life. My focus is ALWAYS on YOU b/c YOU are who matters the most!!! :)
Welcome. So glad you stopped by :) Feeling challenged, depressive, anxious, or unsupported? If so, I'd feel privileged to walk alongside you in your journey of self-discovery & healing. I'm extremely passionate about working w/ my clients & believe my passion shines through, creating an effective, empathetic therapeutic relationship. I am highly skilled in anxiety, mood, personality, anxiety, addiction disorders, PTSD, and relationship challenges. Too often, we don't place our well-being as a priority, but we SHOULD, because it WILL make a difference in your life. My focus is ALWAYS on YOU b/c YOU are who matters the most!!! :)
(785) 337-4586 View (785) 337-4586
Photo of Pamela Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Pamela Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66604
People can benefit from taking the time to reflect and think about their lives in the presence of a neutral therapist. When people encounter a crisis or a difficult situation, it provides an opportunity for the development of self. Change is possible. Therapy provides an avenue to identify and interrupt old ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that are keeping one stuck. It provides an opportunity to "think/reflect" on one's life vs. automatically responding to life's stresses. In this process, a person is often able to see things in a new light and identify new options for dealing with old problems.
People can benefit from taking the time to reflect and think about their lives in the presence of a neutral therapist. When people encounter a crisis or a difficult situation, it provides an opportunity for the development of self. Change is possible. Therapy provides an avenue to identify and interrupt old ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that are keeping one stuck. It provides an opportunity to "think/reflect" on one's life vs. automatically responding to life's stresses. In this process, a person is often able to see things in a new light and identify new options for dealing with old problems.
(785) 260-6702 View (785) 260-6702
Photo of Jennifer Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Jennifer Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66611
Like many of us, most of my clients are seeking greater meaning in their lives, improved connection and satisfaction in relationships, and relief from loneliness, worry, rumination, and shame. My practice is based on values that emphasize acceptance/non-judgment, compassion, and authenticity. Starting therapy doesn't need to have a rigid plan or agenda. Simply being curious or wanting to feel better is a great place to start. We all need a space where we don't feel judged and are free to explore who we are, what we want, and who we want to become.
Like many of us, most of my clients are seeking greater meaning in their lives, improved connection and satisfaction in relationships, and relief from loneliness, worry, rumination, and shame. My practice is based on values that emphasize acceptance/non-judgment, compassion, and authenticity. Starting therapy doesn't need to have a rigid plan or agenda. Simply being curious or wanting to feel better is a great place to start. We all need a space where we don't feel judged and are free to explore who we are, what we want, and who we want to become.
(785) 630-8465 View (785) 630-8465
Photo of Jessica Poell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Jessica Poell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
Elizabeth Kubler Ross said, “The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of those depths.” While you may not have chosen the difficulties & struggles you’ve faced,& it may feel that there is no way through, I believe you have the strength & ability to overcome all obstacles in your path. It may seem impossible or overwhelming, & the peace & calm you so desperately desire might appear unattainable, I believe you already have all the tools necessary to become that beautiful person you envision for yourself & I would like to help you.
Elizabeth Kubler Ross said, “The most beautiful people we have known are those who have known defeat, known suffering, known struggle, known loss, and have found their way out of those depths.” While you may not have chosen the difficulties & struggles you’ve faced,& it may feel that there is no way through, I believe you have the strength & ability to overcome all obstacles in your path. It may seem impossible or overwhelming, & the peace & calm you so desperately desire might appear unattainable, I believe you already have all the tools necessary to become that beautiful person you envision for yourself & I would like to help you.
(316) 974-1274 View (316) 974-1274
Photo of Laurynn Lake in Topeka, KS
Laurynn Lake
LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66614
It's time to put yourself first, reaching out for help is often the hardest part of the therapeutic process. As a Therapist I believe in the importance of providing Clients with a supportive and safe environment where they feel comfortable to explore and understand the thoughts and feelings that may arise when dealing with life challenges. You may be handling these difficulties in ways that are not satisfying or that impact your relationships. Whether you are a parent struggling with your child’s behaviors, a young adult starting with new changes in life, or a survivor of trauma looking for a safe place to heal, I am here to help.
It's time to put yourself first, reaching out for help is often the hardest part of the therapeutic process. As a Therapist I believe in the importance of providing Clients with a supportive and safe environment where they feel comfortable to explore and understand the thoughts and feelings that may arise when dealing with life challenges. You may be handling these difficulties in ways that are not satisfying or that impact your relationships. Whether you are a parent struggling with your child’s behaviors, a young adult starting with new changes in life, or a survivor of trauma looking for a safe place to heal, I am here to help.
(785) 264-6349 View (785) 264-6349
Photo of Mindi Kessler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Topeka, KS
Mindi Kessler
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
I am the author of the book Cycle Breaker: A Guide to Transcending Childhood Trauma. In my work with clients, I use what I have learned as a trauma therapist for 25 years to support people who want to get unstuck and create a life they love. Most people don’t realize they have suffered childhood trauma, but are confused why they are angry, anxious, depressed and have unfulfilling relationships. I help people connect the dots between their current struggles and their unprocessed wounds from the past. I don't just help people with symptoms, I help them get to the root cause of their suffering, so they can enjoy sustainable change.
(785) 608-3321 View (785) 608-3321
Photo of Joy Bishop, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Joy Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. "No one ever told me that grief felt so much like fear" -C.S. Lewis. Hello, I am here to help you on your personal grief and loss journey. Having someone you love die, can feel unbearable. I have provided a safe place where your voice is heard. Grieving and mourning can take place. Death of a loved one, loss of a career and loss of relationships can all leave you feeling hopeless and alone. I will sit with you in this darkness. I will hold hope for you. I have witnessed personally and professionally that there is light in all this darkness.
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. "No one ever told me that grief felt so much like fear" -C.S. Lewis. Hello, I am here to help you on your personal grief and loss journey. Having someone you love die, can feel unbearable. I have provided a safe place where your voice is heard. Grieving and mourning can take place. Death of a loved one, loss of a career and loss of relationships can all leave you feeling hopeless and alone. I will sit with you in this darkness. I will hold hope for you. I have witnessed personally and professionally that there is light in all this darkness.
(785) 371-1327 View (785) 371-1327
Photo of Morgan Thorn Grey, Counselor in Topeka, KS
Morgan Thorn Grey
Counselor, LCPC, ExAT, IQM
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66603
The tension in your chest is there again. You can hardly catch your breath. So much to do! Your mind is racing and you feel like you are drowning. Even the smallest things are irritating. You just screamed at your son for spilling a drink, and now feel terrible about it. You missed another assignment at work because you’re so distracted. Confidence is at an all-time low. “I can’t do anything right,” you tell yourself. You know something needs to change, but you’re paralyzed by anxiety. Overthinking every choice until you can’t take any action. It’s gotten to the point where you just want to stay in bed, avoid everyone, and give up.
The tension in your chest is there again. You can hardly catch your breath. So much to do! Your mind is racing and you feel like you are drowning. Even the smallest things are irritating. You just screamed at your son for spilling a drink, and now feel terrible about it. You missed another assignment at work because you’re so distracted. Confidence is at an all-time low. “I can’t do anything right,” you tell yourself. You know something needs to change, but you’re paralyzed by anxiety. Overthinking every choice until you can’t take any action. It’s gotten to the point where you just want to stay in bed, avoid everyone, and give up.
(785) 261-9068 View (785) 261-9068
Photo of Thomas S Parish in Topeka, KS
Thomas S Parish
PhD, CTRTC
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Need some help dealing with the stresses, frustrations and challenges that you are facing? Are there family, workplace, or relationship issues that need to be addressed? With a focus on finding effective alternatives, my clients learn how to move forward with greater confidence. experiencing greater happiness and fulfillment.
Need some help dealing with the stresses, frustrations and challenges that you are facing? Are there family, workplace, or relationship issues that need to be addressed? With a focus on finding effective alternatives, my clients learn how to move forward with greater confidence. experiencing greater happiness and fulfillment.
(785) 509-7730 View (785) 509-7730
Photo of Brandi Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Brandi Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Do you feel unworthy, unwanted, unloved or unable? Is it time to unpack your un's? Life has its many challenges that can leave us feeling less than. It is not easy to open up about your deepest hurts, trauma's or feelings, but shining a light on those big emotions is how you begin your healing journey.
Do you feel unworthy, unwanted, unloved or unable? Is it time to unpack your un's? Life has its many challenges that can leave us feeling less than. It is not easy to open up about your deepest hurts, trauma's or feelings, but shining a light on those big emotions is how you begin your healing journey.
(785) 669-8740 View (785) 669-8740
Photo of Janna M. Walpole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Janna M. Walpole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
Ms. Walpole is pleased to offer partnership in her client’s journey toward healing. She practices believing that therapy offers a road to real growth and transformation! Ms. Walpole works to help people lead more authentic and satisfying lives. As an Advanced Generalist and Clinical Social Worker she is able to engage with an array of clients across the lifespan. She is passionate about advocacy, neurodiversity and healing from trauma. Ms. Walpole believes that effective therapy begins in an atmosphere of warmth and acceptance.
Ms. Walpole is pleased to offer partnership in her client’s journey toward healing. She practices believing that therapy offers a road to real growth and transformation! Ms. Walpole works to help people lead more authentic and satisfying lives. As an Advanced Generalist and Clinical Social Worker she is able to engage with an array of clients across the lifespan. She is passionate about advocacy, neurodiversity and healing from trauma. Ms. Walpole believes that effective therapy begins in an atmosphere of warmth and acceptance.
(785) 310-3042 View (785) 310-3042
Photo of Daniel Patrick Lassley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Topeka, KS
Daniel Patrick Lassley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-KS
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66611
I work with adults who are experiencing difficult emotions and life situations. I also work with those who want to improve the quality of their relationships. People struggling with issues from disability or chronic illness.
I work with adults who are experiencing difficult emotions and life situations. I also work with those who want to improve the quality of their relationships. People struggling with issues from disability or chronic illness.
(785) 367-3466 View (785) 367-3466
Photo of Emily Hoffman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Topeka, KS
Emily Hoffman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66604
If you want to feel calmer and more confident while improving your relationships with loved ones, I can help. Since 2012, I have worked with children, teenagers, women, couples and families to reduce conflict and stress, improve communication skills and gain mastery over their emotions and reactions. I'm a trauma-informed therapist committed to helping my clients learn how to regulate their emotions and heal from their past to live a fulfilling life. My work focuses on identifying problematic patterns and working collaboratively with my clients to make the necessary changes.
If you want to feel calmer and more confident while improving your relationships with loved ones, I can help. Since 2012, I have worked with children, teenagers, women, couples and families to reduce conflict and stress, improve communication skills and gain mastery over their emotions and reactions. I'm a trauma-informed therapist committed to helping my clients learn how to regulate their emotions and heal from their past to live a fulfilling life. My work focuses on identifying problematic patterns and working collaboratively with my clients to make the necessary changes.
(785) 213-8322 View (785) 213-8322
Photo of Sweetgrass Counseling LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Topeka, KS
Sweetgrass Counseling LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66604
Bosho! (Hello) - I'm Samantha Wahwassuck. As a mental health clinician, I am dedicated to providing a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to discuss and process challenges they're facing. I believe in the healing power of empathic relationships and I welcome the chance to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds and orientations. If you're on a journey of self-discovery and seeking support, or if you're motivated to make positive changes for the best version of yourself, there's a possibility that we could work well together.
Bosho! (Hello) - I'm Samantha Wahwassuck. As a mental health clinician, I am dedicated to providing a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to discuss and process challenges they're facing. I believe in the healing power of empathic relationships and I welcome the chance to work with individuals from diverse backgrounds and orientations. If you're on a journey of self-discovery and seeking support, or if you're motivated to make positive changes for the best version of yourself, there's a possibility that we could work well together.
(785) 347-8721 View (785) 347-8721
Photo of Barbara StreckerGaudreau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Barbara StreckerGaudreau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Topeka, KS 66614
I have 30+ years experience working in Mental Health. I'm a graduate of KU School of Social Welfare and have vast experience working with diverse clients. In my practice, I work to empower clients to reach their goals. I use problem-solving, positive therapeutic approaches "in partnership" with my clients to reduce co-dependency, depression, anxiety, stress, relationships and parent/child issues.
I have 30+ years experience working in Mental Health. I'm a graduate of KU School of Social Welfare and have vast experience working with diverse clients. In my practice, I work to empower clients to reach their goals. I use problem-solving, positive therapeutic approaches "in partnership" with my clients to reduce co-dependency, depression, anxiety, stress, relationships and parent/child issues.
(785) 428-4049 View (785) 428-4049
Photo of April Neff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
April Neff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, MSW, BSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66603
Do you have a teen with anxiety, depression, or your just struggling to communicate with? I can help with this! But first you need to know one number. 167. That's what I need from you. We can meet 1 hour a week every week, but we both know that you're going to be working hard the other 167 hours to make our work a reality. Is that what your looking for? Discussing change is easy, when your ready to connect with your kid again and build them the life they deserve. I'm here to help.
Do you have a teen with anxiety, depression, or your just struggling to communicate with? I can help with this! But first you need to know one number. 167. That's what I need from you. We can meet 1 hour a week every week, but we both know that you're going to be working hard the other 167 hours to make our work a reality. Is that what your looking for? Discussing change is easy, when your ready to connect with your kid again and build them the life they deserve. I'm here to help.
(785) 336-5583 View (785) 336-5583
Photo of Meghan West, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Topeka, KS
Meghan West
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Topeka, KS 66618  (Online Only)
Meghan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes that to have a successful outcome in therapy, the client and therapist must first build a strong rapport. Once that foundation is laid, Meghan will use one of several therapeutic modalities, depending on the issue at hand. These modalities may include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Therapy, and General Psychotherapy. Many people benefit from the use of different modalities. Meghan is known for being a good listener, caring, sensitive, and enthusiastic.
Meghan is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes that to have a successful outcome in therapy, the client and therapist must first build a strong rapport. Once that foundation is laid, Meghan will use one of several therapeutic modalities, depending on the issue at hand. These modalities may include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Client-Centered Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Therapy, and General Psychotherapy. Many people benefit from the use of different modalities. Meghan is known for being a good listener, caring, sensitive, and enthusiastic.
(785) 322-9229 View (785) 322-9229

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Topeka, KS

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Topeka, KS who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
89% Anxiety
75% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% Medicaid
53% Aetna

How Therapists in Topeka, KS see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
26% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Topeka?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.