Therapists in Valparaiso, IN

Photo of Nicole Krueger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Nicole Krueger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
My passion is to help guide children, adolescents and adults during times of hopelessness and fear. I believe that your past does not determine your future. My practice emphasizes providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions proven to be effective and is facilitated in a safe, caring, confidential and non-judgmental environment. Over a decade of experience in mental health has embraced my passion in helping adolescents and adults heal. I have extensive training treating clients who experience a variety of distressing symptoms related to; PTSD/Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, Grief and Loss, Divorce-Related Issues, Stress and Anger Management, Codependency and many more.
My passion is to help guide children, adolescents and adults during times of hopelessness and fear. I believe that your past does not determine your future. My practice emphasizes providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions proven to be effective and is facilitated in a safe, caring, confidential and non-judgmental environment. Over a decade of experience in mental health has embraced my passion in helping adolescents and adults heal. I have extensive training treating clients who experience a variety of distressing symptoms related to; PTSD/Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, Grief and Loss, Divorce-Related Issues, Stress and Anger Management, Codependency and many more.
(219) 898-4582 View (219) 898-4582
Photo of Cheryl L. Montalbano-Rahmany, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Cheryl L. Montalbano-Rahmany
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LCAC, MAC, ICOGS
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46385
I have been a therapist for 20 years and have treated adult clients with mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and trauma, as well as dual diagnosis, substance abuse, and problem gambling. I have also seen adolescents in treatment for substance abuse and problem gambling issues. I believe it is important for the client to feel secure and at ease in a supportive therapeutic environment, without judgment, and that it is necessary to empower the client to resolve the issue and live his or her best life.
I have been a therapist for 20 years and have treated adult clients with mental health concerns, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and trauma, as well as dual diagnosis, substance abuse, and problem gambling. I have also seen adolescents in treatment for substance abuse and problem gambling issues. I believe it is important for the client to feel secure and at ease in a supportive therapeutic environment, without judgment, and that it is necessary to empower the client to resolve the issue and live his or her best life.
(219) 386-1092 View (219) 386-1092
Photo of Lauren Stanford, Pre-Licensed Professional in Valparaiso, IN
Lauren Stanford
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Hi, I'm Lauren and I love helping clients discover strengths to overcome situations and learn new ways to cope with tough situations. I believe anyone can overcome their challenges, and I can help you along that journey.
Hi, I'm Lauren and I love helping clients discover strengths to overcome situations and learn new ways to cope with tough situations. I believe anyone can overcome their challenges, and I can help you along that journey.
(219) 245-2220 View (219) 245-2220
Photo of Erin Findley-Sykes, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Erin Findley-Sykes
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Hi! I am Erin, and I am an empathetic and compassionate therapist with over thirteen years of experience in providing a supportive space in which my clients can heal and grow from any number of challenges that they may face. I focus on working with my client’s strengths and abilities to help them meet their goals for their mental health and their lives.
Hi! I am Erin, and I am an empathetic and compassionate therapist with over thirteen years of experience in providing a supportive space in which my clients can heal and grow from any number of challenges that they may face. I focus on working with my client’s strengths and abilities to help them meet their goals for their mental health and their lives.
(219) 348-8651 View (219) 348-8651
Photo of Stephanie M. Sullivan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Stephanie M. Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
I offer a focus on trauma-informed and LGBTQIA-affirmative holistic healing. I am passionate about helping all people gain clarity and feel more connected, calm, and self-compassionate. I’d love to help you meet your goals of feeling more present in the here and now, both with yourself and within your relationship(s). I specialize in working with folx who have anxiety or attachment wounds and who are motivated for change in how they relate to themselves and others. I help my clients have a deeper understanding and awareness of their emotions, thoughts, and mind-body connection.
I offer a focus on trauma-informed and LGBTQIA-affirmative holistic healing. I am passionate about helping all people gain clarity and feel more connected, calm, and self-compassionate. I’d love to help you meet your goals of feeling more present in the here and now, both with yourself and within your relationship(s). I specialize in working with folx who have anxiety or attachment wounds and who are motivated for change in how they relate to themselves and others. I help my clients have a deeper understanding and awareness of their emotions, thoughts, and mind-body connection.
(219) 342-2828 View (219) 342-2828
Photo of Eric Jimenez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Eric Jimenez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MBA, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
I consider it a privilege to serve my clientele. I see children, teens, and adults and work collaboratively to discover solutions in an affirming therapeutic environment. It takes a great deal of courage to share stories of trauma, addiction, family distress, and parental fears for one’s children. The joining anxiety and/or mood changes are deserving of respect and genuine care. I have gained valuable experience working with a myriad of conditions among a diverse population. Through it all, the client's needs are always paramount.
I consider it a privilege to serve my clientele. I see children, teens, and adults and work collaboratively to discover solutions in an affirming therapeutic environment. It takes a great deal of courage to share stories of trauma, addiction, family distress, and parental fears for one’s children. The joining anxiety and/or mood changes are deserving of respect and genuine care. I have gained valuable experience working with a myriad of conditions among a diverse population. Through it all, the client's needs are always paramount.
(219) 245-7161 View (219) 245-7161
Photo of Gina Pike, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Gina Pike
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
Hi There–My name is Gina! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently providing telehealth services. I understand how terrifying it may be to start therapy and enter into a therapeutic relationship and I recognize the courage and vulnerability it takes to make this step. I want to meet you where you are, not where you or anyone else thinks you “should” be. I make every effort to create a safe and comfortable space that makes you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood.
Hi There–My name is Gina! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker currently providing telehealth services. I understand how terrifying it may be to start therapy and enter into a therapeutic relationship and I recognize the courage and vulnerability it takes to make this step. I want to meet you where you are, not where you or anyone else thinks you “should” be. I make every effort to create a safe and comfortable space that makes you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood.
(219) 200-5017 View (219) 200-5017
Photo of Amanda Tuohy-Fuller, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Amanda Tuohy-Fuller
Counselor, NCC, LMHC, R-DMT, CDE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
At this time, "limited daytime availability only" until May 3, 2024 for new client appointments, where it will then open up. Currently, no evening or after school availability at this time.
At this time, "limited daytime availability only" until May 3, 2024 for new client appointments, where it will then open up. Currently, no evening or after school availability at this time.
(219) 388-6258 View (219) 388-6258
Photo of Kathleen Strohbach, Licensed Social Worker in Valparaiso, IN
Kathleen Strohbach
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
As an experienced Licensed Social Worker, I have worked extensively with children, adolescents, and adults from various backgrounds. I believe my role as a clinician is to assist others in taking control of their circumstances to achieve their own goals, thereby helping themselves and others to maximize the quality of their lives. My educational background assumes a developmental approach which explains growth, change, and consistency though the lifespan in biological, social, emotion, and cognitive areas. Developmental psychology looks at how thinking, feeling, and behavior effect one’s health and perspective.
As an experienced Licensed Social Worker, I have worked extensively with children, adolescents, and adults from various backgrounds. I believe my role as a clinician is to assist others in taking control of their circumstances to achieve their own goals, thereby helping themselves and others to maximize the quality of their lives. My educational background assumes a developmental approach which explains growth, change, and consistency though the lifespan in biological, social, emotion, and cognitive areas. Developmental psychology looks at how thinking, feeling, and behavior effect one’s health and perspective.
(219) 266-6586 View (219) 266-6586
Photo of LPA Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
LPA Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
We are a family oriented group practice comprised of several therapists with a variety of specialties, we offer in office, video and phone therapy sessions. We have therapists licensed in the following states: Indiana, Michigan, and Utah. We work with children, teens, adults and elderly adults in individual, couples, and family counseling. We work with substance abuse, trauma, grief, relationship issues, LGBTQ+, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and dealing with everyday issues and stress.
We are a family oriented group practice comprised of several therapists with a variety of specialties, we offer in office, video and phone therapy sessions. We have therapists licensed in the following states: Indiana, Michigan, and Utah. We work with children, teens, adults and elderly adults in individual, couples, and family counseling. We work with substance abuse, trauma, grief, relationship issues, LGBTQ+, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and dealing with everyday issues and stress.
(219) 230-3681 View (219) 230-3681
Photo of James Lampe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
James Lampe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
With over thirty years in practice as a psychotherapist, including advanced study in psychoanalytic theory and technique, I bring a wealth of experience into the clinical setting treating symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression as well as working with relationship issues and self growth. I treat adult individuals and couples. With every client, a unique relationship is developed. Within the context of this therapeutic relationship evolves an understanding of what is meaningful for personalized growth. My practice emphasizes working with you the individual wherever you are in life's journey.
With over thirty years in practice as a psychotherapist, including advanced study in psychoanalytic theory and technique, I bring a wealth of experience into the clinical setting treating symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression as well as working with relationship issues and self growth. I treat adult individuals and couples. With every client, a unique relationship is developed. Within the context of this therapeutic relationship evolves an understanding of what is meaningful for personalized growth. My practice emphasizes working with you the individual wherever you are in life's journey.
(773) 234-7929 View (773) 234-7929
Photo of Dominique Jackson-Pittman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Dominique Jackson-Pittman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, TMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383  (Online Only)
Do you often feel on edge, fatigued, or irritable? Do you feel like there are no other options or that no one is listening? Do you feel like you struggle to focus on the present because of so much thought on the past? Do you isolate or often feel down? These are all common for many of us at different parts of our lives. Many of us need support and struggle to discover who and what resources we have so that we may overcome life stressors. Therapy could be just what you need to tap into your best you! You have made a major step in your mental health journey just by searching for a therapist to fit your needs.
Do you often feel on edge, fatigued, or irritable? Do you feel like there are no other options or that no one is listening? Do you feel like you struggle to focus on the present because of so much thought on the past? Do you isolate or often feel down? These are all common for many of us at different parts of our lives. Many of us need support and struggle to discover who and what resources we have so that we may overcome life stressors. Therapy could be just what you need to tap into your best you! You have made a major step in your mental health journey just by searching for a therapist to fit your needs.
(312) 584-3640 View (312) 584-3640
Photo of Deborah A Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Deborah A Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46385
Oftentimes, the origin of our individual emotional struggles are not always apparent to us. We can become alarmed when these struggles begin to impact on our day to day living and relationships. It is then that clients most often begin to reach out for therapy to gain further insight into their thoughts, actions, and feelings. Distorted thinking patterns can fuel low self esteem and affect every area in a persons life. A once used defense mechanism may no longer be useful or beneficial to your mental health and once identified can be discussed in therapy and clients can learn more adaptive ways of coping.
Oftentimes, the origin of our individual emotional struggles are not always apparent to us. We can become alarmed when these struggles begin to impact on our day to day living and relationships. It is then that clients most often begin to reach out for therapy to gain further insight into their thoughts, actions, and feelings. Distorted thinking patterns can fuel low self esteem and affect every area in a persons life. A once used defense mechanism may no longer be useful or beneficial to your mental health and once identified can be discussed in therapy and clients can learn more adaptive ways of coping.
(219) 245-7642 View (219) 245-7642
Photo of Sandra Carbajal, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Sandra Carbajal
Counselor, LMHC, LCAC, CCTP, IFS-trn, EMDR-CL
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
Feeling overwhelmed, tired, depressed, and hopeless? Experiencing overwhelming emotions, visuals, voices, somatic sensations, and flashbacks? Always looking for danger in safe places? Struggling with generational/Legacy trauma? Even the strongest finds it difficult to enjoy normal life experiences when enduring emotional trauma. These events can take the joy of life and emotional connection with family and friends. As a professional trauma therapist, I can help you gain insight on traumatic events, uncover personal strengths, and have a more positive relationship with your past.
Feeling overwhelmed, tired, depressed, and hopeless? Experiencing overwhelming emotions, visuals, voices, somatic sensations, and flashbacks? Always looking for danger in safe places? Struggling with generational/Legacy trauma? Even the strongest finds it difficult to enjoy normal life experiences when enduring emotional trauma. These events can take the joy of life and emotional connection with family and friends. As a professional trauma therapist, I can help you gain insight on traumatic events, uncover personal strengths, and have a more positive relationship with your past.
(219) 754-5176 View (219) 754-5176
Photo of Mid-America Psychological and Counseling services, Psychologist in Valparaiso, IN
Mid-America Psychological and Counseling services
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Neuropsychologist: I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Indiana and Illinois. I have specialized training in clinical Neuropsychology from Fielding Graduate University. My work at Northwestern University and University of California at Davis has been with patients with Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. My clinic provides comprehensive services to children and adult with ADD, Learning disabilities, and Autism at five locations in Northwest Indiana and Illinois.. .
Neuropsychologist: I am a licensed clinical psychologist and a licensed mental health counselor in the state of Indiana and Illinois. I have specialized training in clinical Neuropsychology from Fielding Graduate University. My work at Northwestern University and University of California at Davis has been with patients with Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. My clinic provides comprehensive services to children and adult with ADD, Learning disabilities, and Autism at five locations in Northwest Indiana and Illinois.. .
(219) 364-6965 View (219) 364-6965
Photo of Shannon Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Shannon Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Let's face it - communication is key. At work, with your kids and of course with your current or former partner. For over a decade, Shannon Johnson has helped families, couples and individuals get "unstuck." And learning to communicate effectively has been a key element. Her primary goal is to make you feel safe, comfortable and at ease in each and every session.
Let's face it - communication is key. At work, with your kids and of course with your current or former partner. For over a decade, Shannon Johnson has helped families, couples and individuals get "unstuck." And learning to communicate effectively has been a key element. Her primary goal is to make you feel safe, comfortable and at ease in each and every session.
(219) 230-3871 View (219) 230-3871
Photo of Mira Pilipovic, Counselor in Valparaiso, IN
Mira Pilipovic
Counselor, LMHC-A, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Not accepting new clients
People are a lot like plants. We stem from different roots, endure different stressors, and grow under different conditions. Yet, our most important similarity is our ability to be resilient even in the face of adversity. In my clinical approach, I nurture the conditions that support each individual’s growth through collaboration, creativity, and compassion. Whether you are looking to tend to the intricacies of grief and loss, uproot your life from past trauma, cut down on addictive patterns, or simply absorb new tools for managing day-to-day stressors, I would love the opportunity to work with you and help you grow.
People are a lot like plants. We stem from different roots, endure different stressors, and grow under different conditions. Yet, our most important similarity is our ability to be resilient even in the face of adversity. In my clinical approach, I nurture the conditions that support each individual’s growth through collaboration, creativity, and compassion. Whether you are looking to tend to the intricacies of grief and loss, uproot your life from past trauma, cut down on addictive patterns, or simply absorb new tools for managing day-to-day stressors, I would love the opportunity to work with you and help you grow.
(219) 271-8587 View (219) 271-8587
Photo of Greg Blair, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Valparaiso, IN
Greg Blair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Emotions can be confusing, relationships can be messy, and past experiences can negatively impact our present lives, but with proper coping strategies, we don’t have to remain stuck in maladaptive patterns. Change can be scary and people often remain frozen due to the fear of the unknown. Change and acceptance are two concepts that are diametrically opposed but with the right mind set they can actually work hand-in-hand in order to promote growth and healing.
Emotions can be confusing, relationships can be messy, and past experiences can negatively impact our present lives, but with proper coping strategies, we don’t have to remain stuck in maladaptive patterns. Change can be scary and people often remain frozen due to the fear of the unknown. Change and acceptance are two concepts that are diametrically opposed but with the right mind set they can actually work hand-in-hand in order to promote growth and healing.
(219) 327-4614 View (219) 327-4614
Photo of Aspire Counseling Services in Valparaiso, IN
Aspire Counseling Services
Verified Verified
Valparaiso, IN 46383
Aspire was started with an emphasis on creating a private practice that would feel inviting to those who visited. We created an environment where clients and visitors felt welcomed and would be a place of peace and healing. We have grown since that time and have therapists who have built their practice in a way that is comfortable to them and who feel supported by the partners of Aspire. We envisioned and created a space for clients that feels authentic and welcoming. We provide a space that is comfortably decorated and encourage a supportive environment to our clients.
Aspire was started with an emphasis on creating a private practice that would feel inviting to those who visited. We created an environment where clients and visitors felt welcomed and would be a place of peace and healing. We have grown since that time and have therapists who have built their practice in a way that is comfortable to them and who feel supported by the partners of Aspire. We envisioned and created a space for clients that feels authentic and welcoming. We provide a space that is comfortably decorated and encourage a supportive environment to our clients.
(219) 754-5282 View (219) 754-5282
Photo of Lyndsey Hansen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Valparaiso, IN
Lyndsey Hansen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valparaiso, IN 46383
My ideal client would be someone who is going through a life change and relationship difficulties and would need guidance and support. I am most interested in working with older adults, adults, and teenagers, but am open to working with younger children as well. Clients can have a range of presenting problems such as depression, anxiety, and relationship and family conflict, among other things. The client would need to be motivated for change, emotional validation, willingness to be challenged, and wanting to gain more insight about themselves.
My ideal client would be someone who is going through a life change and relationship difficulties and would need guidance and support. I am most interested in working with older adults, adults, and teenagers, but am open to working with younger children as well. Clients can have a range of presenting problems such as depression, anxiety, and relationship and family conflict, among other things. The client would need to be motivated for change, emotional validation, willingness to be challenged, and wanting to gain more insight about themselves.
(219) 351-8212 View (219) 351-8212

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Valparaiso, IN

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Valparaiso, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
72% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Anthem | Elevance
69% Aetna

How Therapists in Valparaiso, IN see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Valparaiso?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.