Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Dr. Andrea (Andi) Stone, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Andrea (Andi) Stone
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of clinical experience. I recently joined the team at SpringSource Psychological Center and therefore have immediate availability for new clients. I specialize in the treatment of mood, anxiety, personality and trauma-related disorders in adults, young adults, and families and have worked for many years in higher levels of care settings. I most recently served as a Clinical Director for Pathlight’s Mood and Anxiety Center in Chicago. I value the power of the therapeutic relationship to move clients towards sustained recovery.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of clinical experience. I recently joined the team at SpringSource Psychological Center and therefore have immediate availability for new clients. I specialize in the treatment of mood, anxiety, personality and trauma-related disorders in adults, young adults, and families and have worked for many years in higher levels of care settings. I most recently served as a Clinical Director for Pathlight’s Mood and Anxiety Center in Chicago. I value the power of the therapeutic relationship to move clients towards sustained recovery.
(630) 581-2795 View (630) 581-2795
Photo of Laurel Meng, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Laurel Meng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit.
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit.
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Photo of Mario Castelo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mario Castelo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642
I am a queer therapist that finds meaning working with individuals with histories of trauma, complex family dynamics, and those in toxic relationships with themselves and others. I also work with LGBTQ couples and mixed neurotype couples who want to explore open relationships, polyamory, and how to feel more connected and safer with their partners. My role as a therapist is to help my clients understand the symptoms that once protected them from trauma with the wisdom and compassion of your present self and encourage them to feel confident while you practice new skills to look ahead.
I am a queer therapist that finds meaning working with individuals with histories of trauma, complex family dynamics, and those in toxic relationships with themselves and others. I also work with LGBTQ couples and mixed neurotype couples who want to explore open relationships, polyamory, and how to feel more connected and safer with their partners. My role as a therapist is to help my clients understand the symptoms that once protected them from trauma with the wisdom and compassion of your present self and encourage them to feel confident while you practice new skills to look ahead.
(916) 314-7745 View (916) 314-7745
Photo of Kyla Kachman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kyla Kachman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
I work with clients ages 18 and up looking for help managing anxiety, OCD, panic disorders, adjustment disorders, and depression. I am also an ADHD Certified Professional (ADHD-CCSP) and enjoy helping people learn more about ADHD while developing executive functioning and mood regulation skills. I have worked in the Chicago area for 13 years providing therapy services in a variety of settings from inpatient hospital units, PHP and IOP programs, and outpatient practices.
I work with clients ages 18 and up looking for help managing anxiety, OCD, panic disorders, adjustment disorders, and depression. I am also an ADHD Certified Professional (ADHD-CCSP) and enjoy helping people learn more about ADHD while developing executive functioning and mood regulation skills. I have worked in the Chicago area for 13 years providing therapy services in a variety of settings from inpatient hospital units, PHP and IOP programs, and outpatient practices.
(872) 205-3666 View (872) 205-3666
Photo of Jeanny Masso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jeanny Masso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Jenny, a clinically licensed social worker with nearly a decade of experience in the field of social work. I completed my graduate studies at the Jane Addams School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, receiving my degree in 2018. My journey in social work has been fueled by a passion for helping my clients navigate life's challenges. Over the years, I've worked extensively with individuals grappling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and the journey of self-discovery. My approach is rooted in compassion and support, aiming to provide a safe space for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings.
Hello, I'm Jenny, a clinically licensed social worker with nearly a decade of experience in the field of social work. I completed my graduate studies at the Jane Addams School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, receiving my degree in 2018. My journey in social work has been fueled by a passion for helping my clients navigate life's challenges. Over the years, I've worked extensively with individuals grappling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and the journey of self-discovery. My approach is rooted in compassion and support, aiming to provide a safe space for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings.
(224) 706-1206 View (224) 706-1206
Photo of Marcia Vickman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Marcia Vickman
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60610
I have been working with clients for over 20 years and believe in the unique ways in which each person progresses. My approach is practical and solution-focused. Using your strengths, we will focus on strategies to bring about the positive change you are looking for.
I have been working with clients for over 20 years and believe in the unique ways in which each person progresses. My approach is practical and solution-focused. Using your strengths, we will focus on strategies to bring about the positive change you are looking for.
(847) 786-2038 View (847) 786-2038
Photo of Fabrice Robert Lubin, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Fabrice Robert Lubin
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Having been involved in the mental health field for over a decade, working across various setting (hospitals, VA, college) I now focus on those eager to enhance their creativity, community, and value-driven experiences. As the founder of an organization that has seen significant growth, my interest lies in supporting leaders—whether they are in creative roles, parenting, or mental health professions—who struggle with the demands of their work environments and the prioritization of their own healing. I believe relationships are formed in repair and I am useful to those seeking to deepen the interpersonal and cultural spaces.
Having been involved in the mental health field for over a decade, working across various setting (hospitals, VA, college) I now focus on those eager to enhance their creativity, community, and value-driven experiences. As the founder of an organization that has seen significant growth, my interest lies in supporting leaders—whether they are in creative roles, parenting, or mental health professions—who struggle with the demands of their work environments and the prioritization of their own healing. I believe relationships are formed in repair and I am useful to those seeking to deepen the interpersonal and cultural spaces.
(773) 786-9903 View (773) 786-9903
Photo of Christian Life Counselors, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Christian Life Counselors
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Christian Life Counselor is managed by Yvette Yonan, LCSW, MSW, on behalf of InTouch Mind Health, PLLC. We are a Christian owned company with seasoned Clinicians of Christian faith, who have a strong biblical foundation and are able to incorporate biblical truth in our work with individuals, couples, and families. We provide a confidential place where people can feel safe to unpack the burdens they carry and find peace. We provide individualized care using clinically proven interventions with treatment goals to suit your needs. Our counselors and therapists are skilled professionals who work with people of all ages.
Christian Life Counselor is managed by Yvette Yonan, LCSW, MSW, on behalf of InTouch Mind Health, PLLC. We are a Christian owned company with seasoned Clinicians of Christian faith, who have a strong biblical foundation and are able to incorporate biblical truth in our work with individuals, couples, and families. We provide a confidential place where people can feel safe to unpack the burdens they carry and find peace. We provide individualized care using clinically proven interventions with treatment goals to suit your needs. Our counselors and therapists are skilled professionals who work with people of all ages.
(872) 259-4332 View (872) 259-4332
Photo of Sara Witte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sara Witte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I believe that every human was born with the innate ability to know themselves, to survive, and to thrive. We already have all the tools we need within us. As we develop and encounter a world filled with systemic oppression and trauma, our tools start to get dusty, sticky, and/or feel lost entirely. We start to question ourselves and our knowledge of ourselves. My job is to provide support as you illuminate the tools you already have, wash and dust them off, and restore yourself to connectivity and radical self love even in the face of our traumatizing and increasingly unsafe world.
I believe that every human was born with the innate ability to know themselves, to survive, and to thrive. We already have all the tools we need within us. As we develop and encounter a world filled with systemic oppression and trauma, our tools start to get dusty, sticky, and/or feel lost entirely. We start to question ourselves and our knowledge of ourselves. My job is to provide support as you illuminate the tools you already have, wash and dust them off, and restore yourself to connectivity and radical self love even in the face of our traumatizing and increasingly unsafe world.
(773) 659-9207 View (773) 659-9207
Photo of Sabrina Marlow, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sabrina Marlow
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, hurt, sad, angry, worried, or even heartbroken? Are you looking to get some things off your mind to a trusted professional? Have you experienced traumatic events or not even sure if it would be considered traumatic? We can find the answer to that together. I have approximately 4 years of experience working with adults and teenagers who experience all of the above concerns and more! I am here to help you find solutions and motivate you to find your own answers. I will assist in providing the tools and be there to listen.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, hurt, sad, angry, worried, or even heartbroken? Are you looking to get some things off your mind to a trusted professional? Have you experienced traumatic events or not even sure if it would be considered traumatic? We can find the answer to that together. I have approximately 4 years of experience working with adults and teenagers who experience all of the above concerns and more! I am here to help you find solutions and motivate you to find your own answers. I will assist in providing the tools and be there to listen.
(224) 505-2725 View (224) 505-2725
Photo of Dr. Mary Jia, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Mary Jia
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
People are not their diagnoses even though these labels can sometimes be informative. I prefer to get to know you. Specifically, what do you want out of therapy? What is currently working for you, not working? What brings you in to see me in this moment? Therapy is not only about reducing our suffering, but also finding meaning and fulfillment in our lives. It is about getting to know ourselves, parts that we love, parts that we are afraid of, parts that we don't yet understand. People are also not things that need to be "fixed", instead, this is a place for healing, self-compassion, and growth.
People are not their diagnoses even though these labels can sometimes be informative. I prefer to get to know you. Specifically, what do you want out of therapy? What is currently working for you, not working? What brings you in to see me in this moment? Therapy is not only about reducing our suffering, but also finding meaning and fulfillment in our lives. It is about getting to know ourselves, parts that we love, parts that we are afraid of, parts that we don't yet understand. People are also not things that need to be "fixed", instead, this is a place for healing, self-compassion, and growth.
(312) 778-5941 View (312) 778-5941
Photo of Elena Vertti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Elena Vertti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60637
Making the decision to come to therapy is intimidating. It can be hard to prioritize mental health and scary to be open in sharing with another person. I understand these challenges and I am ready to meet you where you are at. With my big heart, sharp intellect, and lighthearted demeanor, I am ready to provide the support you need to cope with and overcome life’s challenges. If you are experiencing anxiety, struggling with feeling sad or depressed, or are behaving in ways you or others find unacceptable, I am here to help. When you work with me, I will be myself, which most people describe as kind, fun, and empathic.
Making the decision to come to therapy is intimidating. It can be hard to prioritize mental health and scary to be open in sharing with another person. I understand these challenges and I am ready to meet you where you are at. With my big heart, sharp intellect, and lighthearted demeanor, I am ready to provide the support you need to cope with and overcome life’s challenges. If you are experiencing anxiety, struggling with feeling sad or depressed, or are behaving in ways you or others find unacceptable, I am here to help. When you work with me, I will be myself, which most people describe as kind, fun, and empathic.
(872) 204-1521 x230 View (872) 204-1521 x230
Photo of Amalia Salmerón, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amalia Salmerón
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
I’m happy you’re here! I believe that healing takes place in relationship. My therapeutic approach is reflective, humanist, and conversational. I work through Relational-Cultural, Feminist and Person-Centered theoretical frameworks. We will be working together to create a space of healing that is non-judgmental and grounded in self-directive, goal-oriented, and strengths-based work. There is not a one-size-fits-all approach to the therapeutic relationship, so our work together will be tailored to best address your needs.
I’m happy you’re here! I believe that healing takes place in relationship. My therapeutic approach is reflective, humanist, and conversational. I work through Relational-Cultural, Feminist and Person-Centered theoretical frameworks. We will be working together to create a space of healing that is non-judgmental and grounded in self-directive, goal-oriented, and strengths-based work. There is not a one-size-fits-all approach to the therapeutic relationship, so our work together will be tailored to best address your needs.
(872) 219-1795 View (872) 219-1795
Photo of Lori A Rush, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lori A Rush
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
I have been a therapist for over 25 years working with adult clients around issues of mood disorders, trauma, personality disorders and relationship difficulties. I believe people have the power within themselves for change but sometimes need a facilitator and coach to help them find additional coping skills or to process something with an objective party. I offer empathy, experience and a non-judgmental stance in the therapeutic relationship. My style is eclectic depending on an individual’s needs, with foundations in DBT, CBT, motivational interviewing and best practice models for psychotherapy.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years working with adult clients around issues of mood disorders, trauma, personality disorders and relationship difficulties. I believe people have the power within themselves for change but sometimes need a facilitator and coach to help them find additional coping skills or to process something with an objective party. I offer empathy, experience and a non-judgmental stance in the therapeutic relationship. My style is eclectic depending on an individual’s needs, with foundations in DBT, CBT, motivational interviewing and best practice models for psychotherapy.
(872) 704-1720 View (872) 704-1720
Photo of Delma Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Delma Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
(979) 451-6796 View (979) 451-6796
Photo of Barbara Friedman, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Barbara Friedman
Psychologist, PhD, LICDC, ICADC, yoga, allia
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
I am a licensed psychologist, a Jungian psychoanalyst and a certified addictions counselor. I also have training in recovery work, Gestalt therapy and am a certified yoga instructor. I use these perspectives appropriately for the unique benefit of the client who sits in front of me. I try to meet each person with freshness each session. I advocate for change in the power dynamic between people and within the psyche and support my clients to become their most authentic and fullest self.
I am a licensed psychologist, a Jungian psychoanalyst and a certified addictions counselor. I also have training in recovery work, Gestalt therapy and am a certified yoga instructor. I use these perspectives appropriately for the unique benefit of the client who sits in front of me. I try to meet each person with freshness each session. I advocate for change in the power dynamic between people and within the psyche and support my clients to become their most authentic and fullest self.
(216) 245-3889 View (216) 245-3889
Photo of Bernadine Bishop, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Bernadine Bishop
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I like to facilitate helping people help themselves by recognizing the maladjusted areas and patterns in their lives and empowering them to make the necessary changes toward improved mental health. I am open to working with most populations, but have the most experience adults with depression, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD, LGBTQ issues, and substance abuse.
I like to facilitate helping people help themselves by recognizing the maladjusted areas and patterns in their lives and empowering them to make the necessary changes toward improved mental health. I am open to working with most populations, but have the most experience adults with depression, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD, LGBTQ issues, and substance abuse.
(708) 367-6217 View (708) 367-6217
Photo of Dr. Mtisunge Erica Kapalamula, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dr. Mtisunge Erica Kapalamula
Counselor, MSEd, PhD, LCPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
So you survived a pandemic, losses and uncertainty? Resilience is within you. I believe that we all possess abilities within us that can help us overcome the most difficult of times. Let us work together to use that same resilience to overcome other life stressors, be it anxiety, depression or relationship problems.
So you survived a pandemic, losses and uncertainty? Resilience is within you. I believe that we all possess abilities within us that can help us overcome the most difficult of times. Let us work together to use that same resilience to overcome other life stressors, be it anxiety, depression or relationship problems.
(312) 635-4410 View (312) 635-4410
Photo of Alice Davies, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chicago, IL
Alice Davies
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
My areas of expertise: couples, premarital counseling, interracial relationships, multicultural families, teen pregnancy/parenthood, parenthood, infertility and pregnancy concerns, infidelity, divorce, remarriage and/or blending families, helping you and your partner if you have different attachment styles, and singles who are navigating dating, going through breakups or are unsure if they should stay or leave a relationship.
My areas of expertise: couples, premarital counseling, interracial relationships, multicultural families, teen pregnancy/parenthood, parenthood, infertility and pregnancy concerns, infidelity, divorce, remarriage and/or blending families, helping you and your partner if you have different attachment styles, and singles who are navigating dating, going through breakups or are unsure if they should stay or leave a relationship.
(773) 912-0796 View (773) 912-0796
Photo of Amber Konopa, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Amber Konopa
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
Amber Konopa is a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a versatile skill set that spans across various therapeutic modalities and demographic groups. With a deep commitment to her clients, she specializes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and several other approaches tailored to individual needs. Her services cater to individuals, families, children over 10, teenagers, young adults, adults, older adults, first responders, and military personnel, demonstrating her wide-reaching expertise and inclusivity.
Amber Konopa is a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a versatile skill set that spans across various therapeutic modalities and demographic groups. With a deep commitment to her clients, she specializes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and several other approaches tailored to individual needs. Her services cater to individuals, families, children over 10, teenagers, young adults, adults, older adults, first responders, and military personnel, demonstrating her wide-reaching expertise and inclusivity.
(708) 905-9738 View (708) 905-9738

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.