Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Laura Vecchiolla, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Laura Vecchiolla
Psychologist, PsyD, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Grief, loss, and trauma can have a profound and lasting impact on you or people you love. You may feel isolated from others and overwhelmed as you try to go about day-to-day tasks; you may struggle to feel safe, express your emotions, or understand how to make meaning from all that has happened. Other people might be telling you to “get over” it, as if grief has a deadline you haven’t met. Traumatic events from your past may bring up feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, or shame, which can prevent you from doing the things you want to do, affect your relationships, and make it hard to communicate or set healthy boundaries with others.
Grief, loss, and trauma can have a profound and lasting impact on you or people you love. You may feel isolated from others and overwhelmed as you try to go about day-to-day tasks; you may struggle to feel safe, express your emotions, or understand how to make meaning from all that has happened. Other people might be telling you to “get over” it, as if grief has a deadline you haven’t met. Traumatic events from your past may bring up feelings of inadequacy, anxiety, or shame, which can prevent you from doing the things you want to do, affect your relationships, and make it hard to communicate or set healthy boundaries with others.
(815) 627-4788 View (815) 627-4788
Photo of Nicole Rothman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Nicole Rothman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Nicole has over 10 years of experience working with individuals in a variety of settings. Over the past 5 years, Nicole has built and is the owner and head Psychotherapist at Perspective Clinical Therapy PLLC., a private practice in the loop. Nicole practices from a person-centered, holistic approach, eluding significant value on the therapeutic relationship in order to initiate an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion. Nicole works with clients who have a readiness to change, coupled with an interest to find alternative methods, perspective, tools, and action, to ultimately cultivate the motivation necessary for change to occur.
Nicole has over 10 years of experience working with individuals in a variety of settings. Over the past 5 years, Nicole has built and is the owner and head Psychotherapist at Perspective Clinical Therapy PLLC., a private practice in the loop. Nicole practices from a person-centered, holistic approach, eluding significant value on the therapeutic relationship in order to initiate an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion. Nicole works with clients who have a readiness to change, coupled with an interest to find alternative methods, perspective, tools, and action, to ultimately cultivate the motivation necessary for change to occur.
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Photo of Amy M Wilhelmi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy M Wilhelmi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Welcome to the transformative journey of emotional connection and healing in your relationship or future relationships. I'm Amy Wilhelmi, and I am an Emotionally Focused Couples, Family, and Individual Therapist. I also do EMDR and am Trauma and Attachment informed. I want to extend a warm and empathetic welcome to you and your partner as we embark on a path toward fostering deeper emotional bonds, understanding, and intimacy within your relationships.
Welcome to the transformative journey of emotional connection and healing in your relationship or future relationships. I'm Amy Wilhelmi, and I am an Emotionally Focused Couples, Family, and Individual Therapist. I also do EMDR and am Trauma and Attachment informed. I want to extend a warm and empathetic welcome to you and your partner as we embark on a path toward fostering deeper emotional bonds, understanding, and intimacy within your relationships.
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Photo of Amber Berridge (Procida), Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amber Berridge (Procida)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60630
My name is Amber Berridge and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I love helping adolescents and young adults successfully navigate life's ups and downs! My focus areas include depression, anxiety, school and work stress, and other mental health concerns. My focus areas of practice are males or females between the ages of 14 and 25, struggling with depression, anxiety, school concerns, and stress. My professional experience includes using CBT, DBT, strengths-based, and mindfulness. I like to teach my clients new skills or help them to improve on ones they may have learned in the past.
My name is Amber Berridge and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I love helping adolescents and young adults successfully navigate life's ups and downs! My focus areas include depression, anxiety, school and work stress, and other mental health concerns. My focus areas of practice are males or females between the ages of 14 and 25, struggling with depression, anxiety, school concerns, and stress. My professional experience includes using CBT, DBT, strengths-based, and mindfulness. I like to teach my clients new skills or help them to improve on ones they may have learned in the past.
(773) 923-0359 View (773) 923-0359
Photo of Ari Graff, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Ari Graff
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60641  (Online Only)
Are you a man that feels stuck? Do you need help with confidence, masculinity, marriage/romantic relationships, dating, purpose, leadership, self-discipline, and friendships? Many men feel stuck right now, unsure of what it means to be a man and how to feel good about it. We often get conflicting messages from our parents, our partners, and the broader culture about manhood and masculinity. Many people equate masculinity with toxic masculinity. If you’re struggling to figure out how to be a strong, confident man that is also kind and loving, then coaching or a men’s group may be right for you.
Are you a man that feels stuck? Do you need help with confidence, masculinity, marriage/romantic relationships, dating, purpose, leadership, self-discipline, and friendships? Many men feel stuck right now, unsure of what it means to be a man and how to feel good about it. We often get conflicting messages from our parents, our partners, and the broader culture about manhood and masculinity. Many people equate masculinity with toxic masculinity. If you’re struggling to figure out how to be a strong, confident man that is also kind and loving, then coaching or a men’s group may be right for you.
(708) 377-5209 View (708) 377-5209
Photo of Portia Brock, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Portia Brock
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Are you tired of feeling frustrated and overwhelmed by the issues that you’re facing in your life? Are you asking yourself, “is there help for me and my situation?” Well, I’m here to tell you yes there is. Mental health is something that many of us don’t always focus enough time on, but is so important to our overall wellness. As your therapist I will partner with you to decrease your distress and help you gain awareness and insight about the obstacles you are facing. Our time together will provide you with a safe and non judgmental space to reconnect with yourself and your life.
Are you tired of feeling frustrated and overwhelmed by the issues that you’re facing in your life? Are you asking yourself, “is there help for me and my situation?” Well, I’m here to tell you yes there is. Mental health is something that many of us don’t always focus enough time on, but is so important to our overall wellness. As your therapist I will partner with you to decrease your distress and help you gain awareness and insight about the obstacles you are facing. Our time together will provide you with a safe and non judgmental space to reconnect with yourself and your life.
(312) 820-8631 View (312) 820-8631
Photo of Sarah K Nicoletta Portsche, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Sarah K Nicoletta Portsche
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
I am a licensed clinical psychologist that works with individuals & families struggling with eating disorders & comorbid issues, including, depression, anxiety, dual diagnosis, relationship issues & life transitions. From a systemic, psycho-dynamic foundation, I focus on past & present relationships and how behavioral patterns evolve over time. I believe the therapeutic relationship provides a safe space for the client to explore, uncover, and discover emotions. This allows the client to build trust, to take emotional risks, to challenge maladaptive coping in order to create new, more effective ways of managing painful emotions.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist that works with individuals & families struggling with eating disorders & comorbid issues, including, depression, anxiety, dual diagnosis, relationship issues & life transitions. From a systemic, psycho-dynamic foundation, I focus on past & present relationships and how behavioral patterns evolve over time. I believe the therapeutic relationship provides a safe space for the client to explore, uncover, and discover emotions. This allows the client to build trust, to take emotional risks, to challenge maladaptive coping in order to create new, more effective ways of managing painful emotions.
(312) 487-2891 View (312) 487-2891
Photo of Courtney Cornick, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Courtney Cornick
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
Deciding to change your life is a major step, and CAYA Wellness is happy to join you on your path to wellness. No matter where you are today, CAYA Wellness is here to help you live a fulfilled life with optimal mental health and wellness. CAYA wellness offers a wide range of services for individuals seeking to treat mental health conditions, achieve goals, and enhance wellness.
Deciding to change your life is a major step, and CAYA Wellness is happy to join you on your path to wellness. No matter where you are today, CAYA Wellness is here to help you live a fulfilled life with optimal mental health and wellness. CAYA wellness offers a wide range of services for individuals seeking to treat mental health conditions, achieve goals, and enhance wellness.
(619) 514-3838 View (619) 514-3838
Photo of Leah Hoane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Leah Hoane
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Through a feminist and relational lens, I work diligently to empower my clients through their growth process. I believe that counseling should be as unique as the individual or relationship seeking guidance, and we will work together to find an approach that will fit best.
Through a feminist and relational lens, I work diligently to empower my clients through their growth process. I believe that counseling should be as unique as the individual or relationship seeking guidance, and we will work together to find an approach that will fit best.
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Photo of Lauren Nicole Cartwright, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Lauren Nicole Cartwright
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60629  (Online Only)
I want my clients to feel empowered, to know that we work together as a team to accomplish their goals. Life can be sometimes difficult to accept and navigate. I can help in struggles with depression, grief, life transitions , anger management, anxiety and relationships issues. I strive to help them enjoy meaningful and healthy relationships with others (and themselves), to manage and overcome anxiety and depression, control their anger and to strategies to combat feeling overwhelmed and unmotivated by life’s demands. To believe in happiness.
I want my clients to feel empowered, to know that we work together as a team to accomplish their goals. Life can be sometimes difficult to accept and navigate. I can help in struggles with depression, grief, life transitions , anger management, anxiety and relationships issues. I strive to help them enjoy meaningful and healthy relationships with others (and themselves), to manage and overcome anxiety and depression, control their anger and to strategies to combat feeling overwhelmed and unmotivated by life’s demands. To believe in happiness.
(312) 262-4911 View (312) 262-4911
Photo of Teresa Gonzalez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Teresa Gonzalez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60610  (Online Only)
Are you noticing that at times life is difficult to cope with? Do you want to gain a deeper understanding of yourself in an effort to promote overall wellness? I understand that the healing process can become a bit frustrating and confusing, overcoming the challenges of life is not always easy. I fully recognize that every individual has a different background and deals with a unique set of challenges. But we have the capacity to get up from each fall and regain strength to move forward. If we give ourselves the opportunity, this can be something that can make us strong and resilient people. Thank you for taking the step to be here.
Are you noticing that at times life is difficult to cope with? Do you want to gain a deeper understanding of yourself in an effort to promote overall wellness? I understand that the healing process can become a bit frustrating and confusing, overcoming the challenges of life is not always easy. I fully recognize that every individual has a different background and deals with a unique set of challenges. But we have the capacity to get up from each fall and regain strength to move forward. If we give ourselves the opportunity, this can be something that can make us strong and resilient people. Thank you for taking the step to be here.
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Photo of Karissa Hamilton, LPC Intern in Chicago, IL
Karissa Hamilton
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
I am, Karissa Hamilton, a therapist intern, and I am accepting new clients working on intimacy and relationship issues. I work with adolescents, adults, and couples, in-person and virtually. I also work with clients experiencing trauma, addiction, codependency, mood disorders and life transitions. I am pursuing a Master of Arts degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Northwestern University, and hold a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Bates College.
I am, Karissa Hamilton, a therapist intern, and I am accepting new clients working on intimacy and relationship issues. I work with adolescents, adults, and couples, in-person and virtually. I also work with clients experiencing trauma, addiction, codependency, mood disorders and life transitions. I am pursuing a Master of Arts degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Northwestern University, and hold a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Bates College.
(312) 487-3715 View (312) 487-3715
Photo of Beren Karlson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Beren Karlson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60630  (Online Only)
When struggling with mental health, especially after a trauma, many individuals feel powerless and hopeless. These feelings can lead to depression or anxiety, avoidance of things we used to enjoy, or feeling disengaged from the life we want to live. I help individuals feel supported and confident to re-engage in life.
When struggling with mental health, especially after a trauma, many individuals feel powerless and hopeless. These feelings can lead to depression or anxiety, avoidance of things we used to enjoy, or feeling disengaged from the life we want to live. I help individuals feel supported and confident to re-engage in life.
(773) 672-2856 View (773) 672-2856
Photo of Joanna Villacorta Griffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Joanna Villacorta Griffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625
Not accepting new clients
Thanks for taking this first step! I support those experiencing life changes, such as pregnancy, birth and perinatal mental health, fertility issues, divorce, adoption, and traumatic experiences. I specialize in working with individuals who want to dig into family issues (both families being created and families of origin), especially parents exploring how their life experiences impact them as they raise their own children. I also care deeply about working with first- and second-generation Americans to explore issues related to culture and mental health. I am a proud Filipina, parent of three, and daughter of immigrants.
Thanks for taking this first step! I support those experiencing life changes, such as pregnancy, birth and perinatal mental health, fertility issues, divorce, adoption, and traumatic experiences. I specialize in working with individuals who want to dig into family issues (both families being created and families of origin), especially parents exploring how their life experiences impact them as they raise their own children. I also care deeply about working with first- and second-generation Americans to explore issues related to culture and mental health. I am a proud Filipina, parent of three, and daughter of immigrants.
(773) 687-5072 View (773) 687-5072
Photo of Katherine Wheeler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Katherine Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Katherine Wheeler, Are you a high achiever or a perfectionist who has experienced childhood trauma? Do you feel stuck in a cycle of stress, pressure, and self-criticism? Do you want to break free from the past and create a life of balance, fulfillment, and authentic success? I understand how trauma and stress can fuel your drive for excellence and also create immense pressure and self-criticism. I help you break free from the past, balance your expectations, and redefine success on your terms.
Hi, I’m Katherine Wheeler, Are you a high achiever or a perfectionist who has experienced childhood trauma? Do you feel stuck in a cycle of stress, pressure, and self-criticism? Do you want to break free from the past and create a life of balance, fulfillment, and authentic success? I understand how trauma and stress can fuel your drive for excellence and also create immense pressure and self-criticism. I help you break free from the past, balance your expectations, and redefine success on your terms.
(872) 274-4561 View (872) 274-4561
Photo of Azi Ghaffari, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Azi Ghaffari
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
My approach to therapy is holistic and incorporates the connection of the mind, body and emotions. Clients have described me as warm, supportive, non-judgmental and calm. My goal is to help better manage your thoughts, feelings, and to help you feel happier and healthier. I welcome the opportunity to join your journey to healing and recovery.
My approach to therapy is holistic and incorporates the connection of the mind, body and emotions. Clients have described me as warm, supportive, non-judgmental and calm. My goal is to help better manage your thoughts, feelings, and to help you feel happier and healthier. I welcome the opportunity to join your journey to healing and recovery.
(773) 831-4193 View (773) 831-4193
Photo of Dr. Lindsay Ellch, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Lindsay Ellch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
After training and working at universities across the country like Stanford, Emory, and Northwestern, effective therapy requires a few essential components: a strong therapist-client relationship, a supportive yet challenging environment, and a combination of skill-based and insight-oriented work. I work from an anti-oppressive, feminist framework to create a safe environment for understanding a person within their context and cultivating opportunities for exploration, insight, and healing to occur. I provide therapy for individuals and couples.
After training and working at universities across the country like Stanford, Emory, and Northwestern, effective therapy requires a few essential components: a strong therapist-client relationship, a supportive yet challenging environment, and a combination of skill-based and insight-oriented work. I work from an anti-oppressive, feminist framework to create a safe environment for understanding a person within their context and cultivating opportunities for exploration, insight, and healing to occur. I provide therapy for individuals and couples.
(415) 513-1117 View (415) 513-1117
Photo of Natalia Schlesinger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Natalia Schlesinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
I believe that each individual has the power to become a whole and integrated person. I am a strong advocate of psychotherapy and my life experience and work in the field have led me to firmly believe that true healing is possible through a strong and meaningful therapeutic relationship. I enjoy working with a wide range of concerns and diagnoses, from depression and anxiety, to trauma and ptsd related issues, and relationships and attachment.
I believe that each individual has the power to become a whole and integrated person. I am a strong advocate of psychotherapy and my life experience and work in the field have led me to firmly believe that true healing is possible through a strong and meaningful therapeutic relationship. I enjoy working with a wide range of concerns and diagnoses, from depression and anxiety, to trauma and ptsd related issues, and relationships and attachment.
(773) 789-5217 View (773) 789-5217
Photo of Dr. Sarah Pekoc, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Sarah Pekoc
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60630
I wholeheartedly believe that everyone has the ability to heal from difficult life experiences and move forward to live a fulfilling and joyful life. I specialize in supporting children, adolescents, and adults through the healing process after they have been exposed to traumatic life events such as abuse/neglect, adoption, divorce, grief/loss, attachment difficulties, medical trauma, and other life stressors. I have a passion for working with individuals who have experienced traumas, caregivers experiencing postpartum/parenting difficulties, early childhood populations, and parent-child relationship issues.
I wholeheartedly believe that everyone has the ability to heal from difficult life experiences and move forward to live a fulfilling and joyful life. I specialize in supporting children, adolescents, and adults through the healing process after they have been exposed to traumatic life events such as abuse/neglect, adoption, divorce, grief/loss, attachment difficulties, medical trauma, and other life stressors. I have a passion for working with individuals who have experienced traumas, caregivers experiencing postpartum/parenting difficulties, early childhood populations, and parent-child relationship issues.
(773) 492-6869 View (773) 492-6869
Photo of Katie Golem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Katie Golem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642
I am a licensed clinical social worker who feels privileged to be a therapist; I am honored to be part of a client's journey. I believe that the verbal sharing of experiences in a therapeutic relationship allows clients to gain insight, develop awareness and ultimately fosters growth. I work with clients on a variety of issues but specialize in relationships, working with both individuals and couples. I often work through an attachment lens but value & use other therapeutic modalities as well. I feel that the therapeutic relationship is the most valuable driver for change in therapy.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who feels privileged to be a therapist; I am honored to be part of a client's journey. I believe that the verbal sharing of experiences in a therapeutic relationship allows clients to gain insight, develop awareness and ultimately fosters growth. I work with clients on a variety of issues but specialize in relationships, working with both individuals and couples. I often work through an attachment lens but value & use other therapeutic modalities as well. I feel that the therapeutic relationship is the most valuable driver for change in therapy.
(872) 210-5552 View (872) 210-5552

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.