Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Ashley Blake, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ashley Blake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Everyone thinks you have it all “all together,” but inside it feels like you're spinning out of control. You can’t stay focused. Simple tasks that should be easy feel totally overwhelming and you've started avoiding them completely. Your relationships are suffering, and you feel like it’s all your fault. You want to be easy-going and caring, but you're impatient and irritable. You want to be sociable and fun, but you're withdrawn and flat. The fear of being exposed as a fraud looms over you constantly. You’re not sure what to do but you know it's getting worse.
Everyone thinks you have it all “all together,” but inside it feels like you're spinning out of control. You can’t stay focused. Simple tasks that should be easy feel totally overwhelming and you've started avoiding them completely. Your relationships are suffering, and you feel like it’s all your fault. You want to be easy-going and caring, but you're impatient and irritable. You want to be sociable and fun, but you're withdrawn and flat. The fear of being exposed as a fraud looms over you constantly. You’re not sure what to do but you know it's getting worse.
(314) 501-6844 View (314) 501-6844
Photo of Michelle Salois, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Michelle Salois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN, AAMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Not accepting new clients
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
(314) 786-3668 View (314) 786-3668
Photo of Undoing Knots Therapy, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Undoing Knots Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
The choice of therapist is an important one and it is often helpful to have some insight into how the therapist you’re considering views therapy. My background involves training in a variety of approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and mindfulness-based therapy. At the core, I believe therapy to be a journey to becoming more fully yourself. I have experience in helping people navigate life-changing medical diagnoses, managing depressive and anxiety symptoms, and relationship stress whether romantic, familial or friendships.
The choice of therapist is an important one and it is often helpful to have some insight into how the therapist you’re considering views therapy. My background involves training in a variety of approaches, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and mindfulness-based therapy. At the core, I believe therapy to be a journey to becoming more fully yourself. I have experience in helping people navigate life-changing medical diagnoses, managing depressive and anxiety symptoms, and relationship stress whether romantic, familial or friendships.
(314) 860-8116 View (314) 860-8116
Photo of Kaylyn Chappell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kaylyn Chappell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a secular therapist, currently seeing individuals only- I prefer to take things slow, so rapport and genuine connection can be built. I don't have all the answers or a magic wand, and you're not a toaster that needs to be fixed. But life is hard as hell, and having someone you can count on every week to provide clinical guidance, empathy, and a safe space to process definitely makes it a little easier to keep going.
I'm a secular therapist, currently seeing individuals only- I prefer to take things slow, so rapport and genuine connection can be built. I don't have all the answers or a magic wand, and you're not a toaster that needs to be fixed. But life is hard as hell, and having someone you can count on every week to provide clinical guidance, empathy, and a safe space to process definitely makes it a little easier to keep going.
(314) 742-7615 View (314) 742-7615
Photo of L. Charlie Janski-Ogunfidodo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
L. Charlie Janski-Ogunfidodo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
During my career, I have worked with both individual and group settings, including adults with people living with HIV, veterans, incarcerated people and transgender/gender variant individuals. These populations included people with depression, bi-polar disorder, personality disorders, anxiety, PTSD and depression. I co-facilitated a group for trans youth and co-coordinated it for 6 years. As a proud bisexual, trans man, I love to work with my LGBT communities. I celebrate kinky and poly people. I strive to be an imperfect ally to non-binary trans people and people of color. I take private pay/in person through findingnormalstl.com
During my career, I have worked with both individual and group settings, including adults with people living with HIV, veterans, incarcerated people and transgender/gender variant individuals. These populations included people with depression, bi-polar disorder, personality disorders, anxiety, PTSD and depression. I co-facilitated a group for trans youth and co-coordinated it for 6 years. As a proud bisexual, trans man, I love to work with my LGBT communities. I celebrate kinky and poly people. I strive to be an imperfect ally to non-binary trans people and people of color. I take private pay/in person through findingnormalstl.com
(314) 350-4422 View (314) 350-4422
Photo of Carington McGowan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Carington McGowan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63112  (Online Only)
Traumatic experiences can change the way that we relate to ourselves as well as the rest of the world. We can be left feeling depressed, on edge, or not like ourselves. As a Licensed Master Social Worker, specializing in trauma, PTSD, and anxiety, my passion is helping teens and adults who have experienced trauma feel safe within themselves again.
Traumatic experiences can change the way that we relate to ourselves as well as the rest of the world. We can be left feeling depressed, on edge, or not like ourselves. As a Licensed Master Social Worker, specializing in trauma, PTSD, and anxiety, my passion is helping teens and adults who have experienced trauma feel safe within themselves again.
(314) 936-4918 View (314) 936-4918
Photo of Karen Lynn Becker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Karen Lynn Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Are you feeling alone, overwhelmed, or just trying hard to maintain? Are you struggling in a relationship? Are you frustrated by the day to day conflict with your teenager? Do unresolved painful memories keep you from the happy fulfilled life you were meant to live? Let's work together to find the answers you need. Counseling is the first step in regaining control of your life. As a therapist, I love working with people, finding out what is unique about them personally, and seeing how that can be used to work through difficult circumstances. .
Are you feeling alone, overwhelmed, or just trying hard to maintain? Are you struggling in a relationship? Are you frustrated by the day to day conflict with your teenager? Do unresolved painful memories keep you from the happy fulfilled life you were meant to live? Let's work together to find the answers you need. Counseling is the first step in regaining control of your life. As a therapist, I love working with people, finding out what is unique about them personally, and seeing how that can be used to work through difficult circumstances. .
(314) 403-1437 View (314) 403-1437
Photo of River Chew, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
River Chew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, REAT-IT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
(314) 886-6423 View (314) 886-6423
Photo of Finding Normal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Finding Normal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Not accepting new clients
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
(314) 804-0636 View (314) 804-0636
Photo of Amy Lyons Burke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Lyons Burke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, PLPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
We all experience hardships in our personal lives, professional lives and relationships that can leave us feeling stressed, confused, isolated, anxious or depressed. Many people experience shame about seeing a therapist or feel they should handle emotional or mental issues on their own. I want to reassure you that we can all use a little help sometimes and we aren't meant to go through it alone. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space where my clients can work through the difficulties in life without judgment.
We all experience hardships in our personal lives, professional lives and relationships that can leave us feeling stressed, confused, isolated, anxious or depressed. Many people experience shame about seeing a therapist or feel they should handle emotional or mental issues on their own. I want to reassure you that we can all use a little help sometimes and we aren't meant to go through it alone. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space where my clients can work through the difficulties in life without judgment.
(205) 598-7843 View (205) 598-7843
Photo of Stephanie M. Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Stephanie M. Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My name is Stephanie (she/they) and I'm glad you're here! I am a licensed clinical social worker and therapist committed to helping folks create purpose and fulfillment in life through deconstructing unhelpful behaviors or beliefs. My work focuses on meeting clients exactly where they are in order to create a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals. I am passionate about providing gender affirming and body positive mental healthcare to all who need it. Some of my favorite folks to work with are those experiencing depression, anxiety, body image distress, spirituality/religious concerns, and life transitions.
My name is Stephanie (she/they) and I'm glad you're here! I am a licensed clinical social worker and therapist committed to helping folks create purpose and fulfillment in life through deconstructing unhelpful behaviors or beliefs. My work focuses on meeting clients exactly where they are in order to create a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals. I am passionate about providing gender affirming and body positive mental healthcare to all who need it. Some of my favorite folks to work with are those experiencing depression, anxiety, body image distress, spirituality/religious concerns, and life transitions.
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Photo of Joshua Goff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Joshua Goff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Life is hard enough without having to go through it alone. No matter who you are or where you are from, my greatest wish for you at the outset is for you to recognize that we all have complications — we all need growth and healing. As we embrace these realities, we also learn to embrace all of the parts of ourselves, including those that most need our attention and affection Make no mistake, the path to growth can be difficult. It involves equal parts frustration and exploration, and even a good dose of humor! But when we face ourselves, we may also find that the outcome is beautiful, rewarding, and even enchanting.
Life is hard enough without having to go through it alone. No matter who you are or where you are from, my greatest wish for you at the outset is for you to recognize that we all have complications — we all need growth and healing. As we embrace these realities, we also learn to embrace all of the parts of ourselves, including those that most need our attention and affection Make no mistake, the path to growth can be difficult. It involves equal parts frustration and exploration, and even a good dose of humor! But when we face ourselves, we may also find that the outcome is beautiful, rewarding, and even enchanting.
(314) 947-2585 View (314) 947-2585
Photo of Claire Pfeifer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Claire Pfeifer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Hi! Are you looking for a nonjudgmental space to process your feelings? Maybe emotions are overwhelming, and we need to take a step back and learn how to name and locate what you are feeling first. I work with clients of diverse backgrounds, sexual orientations, genders, and relationship structures. I specialize in assisting adults and couples to recognize and disrupt existing patterns learned throughout their lives, which can affect them in multiple ways. Additionally, I offer practical skills that can be applied immediately to address symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, thereby improving overall functioning.
Hi! Are you looking for a nonjudgmental space to process your feelings? Maybe emotions are overwhelming, and we need to take a step back and learn how to name and locate what you are feeling first. I work with clients of diverse backgrounds, sexual orientations, genders, and relationship structures. I specialize in assisting adults and couples to recognize and disrupt existing patterns learned throughout their lives, which can affect them in multiple ways. Additionally, I offer practical skills that can be applied immediately to address symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, thereby improving overall functioning.
(314) 207-9308 View (314) 207-9308
Photo of Yasmira Emofor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Yasmira Emofor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCDP-D
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Have you felt like you are missing out on life? Have you felt like you are in a slump that you can’t dig yourself out off? Like you been struggling for so long without a break from the stress of it all? Whether your struggle is depression, anxiety, phobias or trauma, I am here to offer a safe space for you. What you want to feel is empowered, capable and resilient to handle the challenge; or ready to face down any fear. I've helped countless individuals! Let me help you reclaim your resiliency today!
Have you felt like you are missing out on life? Have you felt like you are in a slump that you can’t dig yourself out off? Like you been struggling for so long without a break from the stress of it all? Whether your struggle is depression, anxiety, phobias or trauma, I am here to offer a safe space for you. What you want to feel is empowered, capable and resilient to handle the challenge; or ready to face down any fear. I've helped countless individuals! Let me help you reclaim your resiliency today!
(314) 742-8208 View (314) 742-8208
Photo of Emily E Carter, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Emily E Carter
Psychologist, Psy, D
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults living with anxiety and/or struggles in their relationships (familial, romantic, platonic, occupational). Breast cancer survivorship is an area of specialty. Together we co-construct an approach that fits your needs, balancing the practical with exploratory. I believe that it is through self-exploration that you become aware of your stuck points whether in problematic and/or unfulfilling behavior, relationships, jobs, or experiences.
I specialize in working with adults living with anxiety and/or struggles in their relationships (familial, romantic, platonic, occupational). Breast cancer survivorship is an area of specialty. Together we co-construct an approach that fits your needs, balancing the practical with exploratory. I believe that it is through self-exploration that you become aware of your stuck points whether in problematic and/or unfulfilling behavior, relationships, jobs, or experiences.
(314) 207-9719 View (314) 207-9719
Photo of John A Ware, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
John A Ware
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
I see my role as one who can help clarify and encourage strategies to strengthen one's ability to navigate through stresses and pain. Together, we can develop plans to deal with challenging issues and life transitions in marriage, family, and professional or work situations. My career and life experiences have provided me with unique real world insights into the issues facing men and women today. I understand people who are coping with the difficult balancing of inter-personal relationships, family relationships, and work-related issues including, with increasing frequency, the stress, anxiety and uncertainty created by job loss or career transition.
(314) 596-2940 View (314) 596-2940
Photo of Rachel Benson in Saint Louis, MO
Rachel Benson
MEd, BCBA, LBA, CSE
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
I work with clients of all backgrounds, sexualities, genders and relationship dynamics. Utilizing effective methodology, I work with clients on sexual and/or sociosexual concerns, including low desire, vaginal pain, poor impulsivity control, coming out, inner shame and exploring new dynamics and/or kinks.
I work with clients of all backgrounds, sexualities, genders and relationship dynamics. Utilizing effective methodology, I work with clients on sexual and/or sociosexual concerns, including low desire, vaginal pain, poor impulsivity control, coming out, inner shame and exploring new dynamics and/or kinks.
(314) 526-3920 View (314) 526-3920
Photo of Rae Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rae Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
(314) 343-0981 View (314) 343-0981
Photo of Annie Carrera, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Annie Carrera
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
This is a common pattern in many couples’ relationships and maybe this describes you: prior to getting married, you had a dream. A dream that your relationship would be like the ones portrayed in romantic movies, a life of bliss because you found your perfect person. Then, at some point in your marriage, you asked this question: “How did we get here?” Instead of a foundation of joy and security, you and your spouse find yourselves stuck in conflict cycles that leave you feeling bitter, distant, and hopeless.
This is a common pattern in many couples’ relationships and maybe this describes you: prior to getting married, you had a dream. A dream that your relationship would be like the ones portrayed in romantic movies, a life of bliss because you found your perfect person. Then, at some point in your marriage, you asked this question: “How did we get here?” Instead of a foundation of joy and security, you and your spouse find yourselves stuck in conflict cycles that leave you feeling bitter, distant, and hopeless.
(314) 474-7228 View (314) 474-7228
Photo of Deidra O'Loughlin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Deidra O'Loughlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Not accepting new clients
From the very beginning, with sensitivity and compassion, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space in which you can express thoughts, feelings, dreams, and desires that you may feel unable to share elsewhere. I believe that constructive change occurs when we work collaboratively to develop insight into your current struggles; only then can we find ways to help you move forward. I have experience and interest in working with adults and older adolescents with anxiety, trauma histories, creative people, and those who wish to explore various aspects of their identities, including people who are LGBTQ+.
From the very beginning, with sensitivity and compassion, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space in which you can express thoughts, feelings, dreams, and desires that you may feel unable to share elsewhere. I believe that constructive change occurs when we work collaboratively to develop insight into your current struggles; only then can we find ways to help you move forward. I have experience and interest in working with adults and older adolescents with anxiety, trauma histories, creative people, and those who wish to explore various aspects of their identities, including people who are LGBTQ+.
(314) 582-3889 View (314) 582-3889

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.