Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Amanuela Barayeva, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in New York, NY
Amanuela Barayeva
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, BA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Embarking on a therapeutic journey, whether for the first time or with a fresh perspective, can be a daunting task. It’s perfectly normal to feel apprehensive or even fearful. If you’re seeking effective strategies to manage stress, enhance your relationships, or navigate recurring challenges, you’ve come to the right place. Here, you are free to be yourself as we work together to find the solutions you seek. My therapeutic approach is rooted in specializing in trauma, anxiety and depression.
Embarking on a therapeutic journey, whether for the first time or with a fresh perspective, can be a daunting task. It’s perfectly normal to feel apprehensive or even fearful. If you’re seeking effective strategies to manage stress, enhance your relationships, or navigate recurring challenges, you’ve come to the right place. Here, you are free to be yourself as we work together to find the solutions you seek. My therapeutic approach is rooted in specializing in trauma, anxiety and depression.
(646) 825-6712 View (646) 825-6712
Photo of Christine Barillon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Christine Barillon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
Welcome, I invite you into a safe healing space. l imagine you have been struggling with your mood, life changes, perhaps loss of a loved one, past difficulties lingering or general difficulty to manage. Conceivably, there could be many pain points of what brought you here to my page. Nonetheless, you clearly have a motivation to obtain a sense of wellness and healing. And I want to encourage you, that there is hope.
Welcome, I invite you into a safe healing space. l imagine you have been struggling with your mood, life changes, perhaps loss of a loved one, past difficulties lingering or general difficulty to manage. Conceivably, there could be many pain points of what brought you here to my page. Nonetheless, you clearly have a motivation to obtain a sense of wellness and healing. And I want to encourage you, that there is hope.
(917) 719-6895 View (917) 719-6895
Photo of Dan Norton - The Non-Ordinary Therapy Co, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dan Norton - The Non-Ordinary Therapy Co
Psychologist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013  (Online Only)
Dan has over 20 years experience as a therapist with extensive trauma training working with military and veteran issues. He draws upon wide knowledge of Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Trauma, and Family Systems (IFS) approaches with training in several evidence-based therapy models, including PE, CPT, and CBT. He is a former freestyle wrestler and US Army-enlised combat medic and Naval Officer (Medical Service Corps). He specializes in working with depression, anxiety, and military-related trauma. Daniel provides a tailored treatment, collaboration during the treatment process - and works virtually over a secure telehealth platform.
Dan has over 20 years experience as a therapist with extensive trauma training working with military and veteran issues. He draws upon wide knowledge of Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Trauma, and Family Systems (IFS) approaches with training in several evidence-based therapy models, including PE, CPT, and CBT. He is a former freestyle wrestler and US Army-enlised combat medic and Naval Officer (Medical Service Corps). He specializes in working with depression, anxiety, and military-related trauma. Daniel provides a tailored treatment, collaboration during the treatment process - and works virtually over a secure telehealth platform.
(929) 207-7024 View (929) 207-7024
Photo of Helen Bliman, Marriage & Family Therapist in New York, NY
Helen Bliman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
I have been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for a very long time. I have much experience working with people of all ages, backgrounds, sexual orientation, and relationship issues. I do this work because it is very satisfying. And it is “work” for my clients as well. I know that my clients need courage and self awareness to recognize when they need to reach out for help. I consider the goal of therapy is to empower my clients to find solutions to solve the problems in their life—to get unstuck from unhealthy patterns in their life—unresolved and repetitive conflicts.
I have been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for a very long time. I have much experience working with people of all ages, backgrounds, sexual orientation, and relationship issues. I do this work because it is very satisfying. And it is “work” for my clients as well. I know that my clients need courage and self awareness to recognize when they need to reach out for help. I consider the goal of therapy is to empower my clients to find solutions to solve the problems in their life—to get unstuck from unhealthy patterns in their life—unresolved and repetitive conflicts.
(646) 791-1844 View (646) 791-1844
Photo of Meredith Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Meredith Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychoanalyst with a private psychotherapy practice offering both online and in-person sessions (in NYC). I specialize in issues relating to relationship and family conflict, depression, anxiety, trauma and life transitions. I work with individuals and couples in 45-60 minute sessions weekly or several times a week, depending on the needs of the individual or couple.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and psychoanalyst with a private psychotherapy practice offering both online and in-person sessions (in NYC). I specialize in issues relating to relationship and family conflict, depression, anxiety, trauma and life transitions. I work with individuals and couples in 45-60 minute sessions weekly or several times a week, depending on the needs of the individual or couple.
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Photo of Stacey Cooper Braffett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Stacey Cooper Braffett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, fearful, irritable, bored or just plain "stuck"? Together we will work through these overwhelming feelings so you can develop more effective coping strategies and feel better about yourself. I enjoy working with teens, adults and couples. I specialize in helping people who are struggling with relationship concerns, job issues, eating disorders, compulsions or obsessive behaviors, trauma and sexual abuse.
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, fearful, irritable, bored or just plain "stuck"? Together we will work through these overwhelming feelings so you can develop more effective coping strategies and feel better about yourself. I enjoy working with teens, adults and couples. I specialize in helping people who are struggling with relationship concerns, job issues, eating disorders, compulsions or obsessive behaviors, trauma and sexual abuse.
(646) 583-3529 View (646) 583-3529
Photo of Dr. Erica E. Gardner-Schuster, Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Erica E. Gardner-Schuster
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Welcome. Let's begin. You are taking an important step toward a more meaningful life. As your group therapist, I create empathic, safe group therapy spaces for you to clarify your life priorities & purpose, heal, grow, bring about lasting change & feel less lonely. Through our work together, you will foster greater authenticity and psychological/spiritual resilience as you navigate life choices, transitions & stressors. I will guide you toward more fulfilling relationships with yourself & others. Ultimately, you will feel more hopeful, empowered & free. I can help you create the life you want to be living.
Welcome. Let's begin. You are taking an important step toward a more meaningful life. As your group therapist, I create empathic, safe group therapy spaces for you to clarify your life priorities & purpose, heal, grow, bring about lasting change & feel less lonely. Through our work together, you will foster greater authenticity and psychological/spiritual resilience as you navigate life choices, transitions & stressors. I will guide you toward more fulfilling relationships with yourself & others. Ultimately, you will feel more hopeful, empowered & free. I can help you create the life you want to be living.
(929) 205-5417 View (929) 205-5417
Photo of Megan Quinn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Megan Quinn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
I have 13 years of experience as a licensed clinician. I find the most important step is to create a comfortable, safe, and supportive environment for everyone I work with. We work together to strengthen motivation, create meaningful goals, and build a strong rapport. I passionately believe in empowering my clients and helping them become stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life.
I have 13 years of experience as a licensed clinician. I find the most important step is to create a comfortable, safe, and supportive environment for everyone I work with. We work together to strengthen motivation, create meaningful goals, and build a strong rapport. I passionately believe in empowering my clients and helping them become stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one's life.
(646) 692-0064 View (646) 692-0064
Photo of Barbara Peyser, Psychologist in New York, NY
Barbara Peyser
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
I've treated children, adolescents and adults in inpatient psychiatric hospitals since 1994 while maintaining a private practice since 1996. In addition to a graduate degree in clinical psychology, I have had psychoanalytic training, along with a recent certification in global mental health. These have provided me with a unique perspective and skills that allow me to engage with patients in a collaborative relationship with the goal of exploring alternative solutions to difficulties that have persisted in the patient's life.
I've treated children, adolescents and adults in inpatient psychiatric hospitals since 1994 while maintaining a private practice since 1996. In addition to a graduate degree in clinical psychology, I have had psychoanalytic training, along with a recent certification in global mental health. These have provided me with a unique perspective and skills that allow me to engage with patients in a collaborative relationship with the goal of exploring alternative solutions to difficulties that have persisted in the patient's life.
(516) 346-5809 View (516) 346-5809
Photo of Michael L Marshall, Psychologist in New York, NY
Michael L Marshall
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist experienced in dealing with a range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and identity concerns. I am comfortable working with adults from all backgrounds, and I specialize working with artists and professionals at various stages in life. I take an integrative approach to therapy, providing coping strategies and empowering the individual to change the negative patterns impacting their life. For some, this means short-term work focused on specific goals and symptoms. For others, this means a deeper exploration of the self with the goal of achieving physical, cognitive, emotional and spiritual freedom.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist experienced in dealing with a range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and identity concerns. I am comfortable working with adults from all backgrounds, and I specialize working with artists and professionals at various stages in life. I take an integrative approach to therapy, providing coping strategies and empowering the individual to change the negative patterns impacting their life. For some, this means short-term work focused on specific goals and symptoms. For others, this means a deeper exploration of the self with the goal of achieving physical, cognitive, emotional and spiritual freedom.
(646) 490-9928 View (646) 490-9928
Photo of Katherine Weinstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Katherine Weinstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10075
While NYC has much to offer, one can get caught up in the challenges and hardships that come along with the fast-paced and exhilarating life style. Whether you’re struggling with relationships, jobs, or having negative thoughts you just can’t seem to redirect, know that you don’t have to untangle them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to seek help, and doing so is the first step towards change. As a therapist, my role is to establish a secure and nurturing environment that allows for vulnerability, risk-taking, and discomfort in order to fuel self-exploration and promotes healing.
While NYC has much to offer, one can get caught up in the challenges and hardships that come along with the fast-paced and exhilarating life style. Whether you’re struggling with relationships, jobs, or having negative thoughts you just can’t seem to redirect, know that you don’t have to untangle them alone. It takes a great deal of courage to seek help, and doing so is the first step towards change. As a therapist, my role is to establish a secure and nurturing environment that allows for vulnerability, risk-taking, and discomfort in order to fuel self-exploration and promotes healing.
(646) 849-2033 View (646) 849-2033
Photo of Being Health | Elenore Simotas, LMHC, Mental Health Counselor in New York, NY
Being Health | Elenore Simotas, LMHC
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10005
My hope for my clients is that the tools learned and experienced in the therapeutic space can be integrated into daily life to strengthen connections to self, others and the natural world. I have experience working with adults, marginalized populations, refugees, LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC. Areas of focus include grief & loss, multigenerational trauma, political/climate anxiety, academic/work related anxiety, major life transitions, codependency and attachment.
My hope for my clients is that the tools learned and experienced in the therapeutic space can be integrated into daily life to strengthen connections to self, others and the natural world. I have experience working with adults, marginalized populations, refugees, LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC. Areas of focus include grief & loss, multigenerational trauma, political/climate anxiety, academic/work related anxiety, major life transitions, codependency and attachment.
(929) 205-3964 View (929) 205-3964
Photo of David Spinka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
David Spinka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the changes happening in your life? A new job or no job, a new relationship or no relationship, a new living situation or life milestone? Do you notice yourself constantly worrying about the future but feel unable to make decisions in the present? Do you feel like you are just going through the motions getting through the day with no time or desire to focus on yourself or connect with people you care about? Stressed. Out of balance. Stuck.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the changes happening in your life? A new job or no job, a new relationship or no relationship, a new living situation or life milestone? Do you notice yourself constantly worrying about the future but feel unable to make decisions in the present? Do you feel like you are just going through the motions getting through the day with no time or desire to focus on yourself or connect with people you care about? Stressed. Out of balance. Stuck.
(646) 328-6548 View (646) 328-6548
Photo of Tamar Tenenbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Tamar Tenenbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Feelings of hopelessness, shame and inadequacy may be rising up regardless of your daily positive affirmations. When you are feeling stuck, it may be time to try a different approach—targeting your thoughts, body and emotions. Together, you will learn to self-regulate, relieve your symptoms, and increase your confidence and self-worth in order to embody your authentic self. We’ll work together to heal your past so you can ground yourself in the present and reach future goals.
Feelings of hopelessness, shame and inadequacy may be rising up regardless of your daily positive affirmations. When you are feeling stuck, it may be time to try a different approach—targeting your thoughts, body and emotions. Together, you will learn to self-regulate, relieve your symptoms, and increase your confidence and self-worth in order to embody your authentic self. We’ll work together to heal your past so you can ground yourself in the present and reach future goals.
(631) 540-2942 View (631) 540-2942
Photo of Michael E Silverman, Psychologist in New York, NY
Michael E Silverman
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
I'm a licensed psychologist and I’ve been doing this for over 25 years. I know how important it is to have a therapist who will listen and not judge. My style is conversational, educational, and non-judgmental. My role is to help get you back on track. Meeting a new therapist can be scary. Will Michael understand me and will he be able to help me? These are all very normal concerns. The only way to know for sure is to contact me. I am here. Believe me, I understand how opening up to someone and letting your guard down can be scary. But, something is making you think about seeing a new therapist, allow me to offer you some support.
I'm a licensed psychologist and I’ve been doing this for over 25 years. I know how important it is to have a therapist who will listen and not judge. My style is conversational, educational, and non-judgmental. My role is to help get you back on track. Meeting a new therapist can be scary. Will Michael understand me and will he be able to help me? These are all very normal concerns. The only way to know for sure is to contact me. I am here. Believe me, I understand how opening up to someone and letting your guard down can be scary. But, something is making you think about seeing a new therapist, allow me to offer you some support.
(646) 600-8169 View (646) 600-8169
Photo of Jessica Nadel, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Jessica Nadel
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Psychotherapy is a transformative journey that can lead to self-discovery and empowerment. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to help with a spectrum of life's challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, issues of self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, and social anxiety. I aim to create a safe space for exploration and growth, fostering an emotional environment that empowers individuals to delve into their thoughts, feelings, and unconscious motivations. I work through a psychodynamic lens, helping to construct a narrative that links the impact of our early experiences to who we are today.
Psychotherapy is a transformative journey that can lead to self-discovery and empowerment. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to help with a spectrum of life's challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, issues of self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, and social anxiety. I aim to create a safe space for exploration and growth, fostering an emotional environment that empowers individuals to delve into their thoughts, feelings, and unconscious motivations. I work through a psychodynamic lens, helping to construct a narrative that links the impact of our early experiences to who we are today.
(929) 556-2795 View (929) 556-2795
Photo of Kareem Alexander Hewitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Kareem Alexander Hewitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
You are just as important to your communities as your communities are to you. This framework grounds the work I do. Western concepts of healing have historically enforced rigid individualism as the ideal way of life. However, I believe that understanding who you are, as both an individual and community member, makes space for your more nuanced, wholesome, and expansive narrative. My work with clients focuses on being present with emotions, navigating individual and collective traumas, reconnecting to your physical body, and empowering healing and joy. I'm hoping for healing and liberation for us all!
You are just as important to your communities as your communities are to you. This framework grounds the work I do. Western concepts of healing have historically enforced rigid individualism as the ideal way of life. However, I believe that understanding who you are, as both an individual and community member, makes space for your more nuanced, wholesome, and expansive narrative. My work with clients focuses on being present with emotions, navigating individual and collective traumas, reconnecting to your physical body, and empowering healing and joy. I'm hoping for healing and liberation for us all!
(347) 297-5091 View (347) 297-5091
Photo of Genoveva Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Genoveva Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
As a relational therapist, I am deeply passionate to support individuals, families, and couples as they navigate life transitions and different experiences that impact connection with oneself and/or with one another. I strongly believe in the power of resilience (capacity to recover from any impact) and finding growth in the midst of challenges. I also believe, that sometimes finding the openings for growth are not so visible or accessible to our perception and therapy can support expanding that vision.
As a relational therapist, I am deeply passionate to support individuals, families, and couples as they navigate life transitions and different experiences that impact connection with oneself and/or with one another. I strongly believe in the power of resilience (capacity to recover from any impact) and finding growth in the midst of challenges. I also believe, that sometimes finding the openings for growth are not so visible or accessible to our perception and therapy can support expanding that vision.
(917) 794-3594 View (917) 794-3594
Photo of Ashley Quinones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ashley Quinones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10035  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience in helping clients overcome anxiety, abuse, stress, depression, and trauma to achieve higher levels of insight, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. For over 10 years I have worked with individuals in clinical and community settings throughout NYC. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming life's challenges. Taking the first step to sign up for a therapy consultation can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
I have extensive experience in helping clients overcome anxiety, abuse, stress, depression, and trauma to achieve higher levels of insight, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. For over 10 years I have worked with individuals in clinical and community settings throughout NYC. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming life's challenges. Taking the first step to sign up for a therapy consultation can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
(646) 494-8472 View (646) 494-8472
Photo of Carolyn C. Grey, Psychologist in New York, NY
Carolyn C. Grey
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am a faculty member of the NYU Postdoctoral Program, and a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. In my work with individuals and couples, I see adults and teenagers who face challenges in love and family relationships, friendships, difficulties at school or work, and cross-cultural issues. My first goal is to establish a respectful and empathic relationship so that you can feel comfortable discussing the issues that are most important to you.
I am a faculty member of the NYU Postdoctoral Program, and a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience. In my work with individuals and couples, I see adults and teenagers who face challenges in love and family relationships, friendships, difficulties at school or work, and cross-cultural issues. My first goal is to establish a respectful and empathic relationship so that you can feel comfortable discussing the issues that are most important to you.
(646) 760-6435 View (646) 760-6435

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.