Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Luisa Bonavita, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Luisa Bonavita
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
I am a licensed clinical social worker with many years of practice experience. My background includes working with individuals, couples, and families affected by depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, stress, relationship conflicts, drug and alcohol problems, and other mental health issues. I have a particular interest in women's mental health issues including but not limited to, perinatal and postpartum mental health concerns.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with many years of practice experience. My background includes working with individuals, couples, and families affected by depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, stress, relationship conflicts, drug and alcohol problems, and other mental health issues. I have a particular interest in women's mental health issues including but not limited to, perinatal and postpartum mental health concerns.
(412) 417-9163 View (412) 417-9163
Photo of Susan Brookman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Susan Brookman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Waitlist for new clients
Trauma can create a feeling within us that others won't accept us, see us or feel what we feel. It can leave us feeling scared, alone and judged. Life stressors can develop creating a mountain that seems too big to climb. Trauma can create a space where you don't have the words to describe what your are feeling and experiencing. You don't have to have the answers. Therapy is a journey of discovery and an experience of acceptance and safety. Healing occurs when we recognize where we have been and create new paths for our lives. I accompany people on their journey towards healing.
Trauma can create a feeling within us that others won't accept us, see us or feel what we feel. It can leave us feeling scared, alone and judged. Life stressors can develop creating a mountain that seems too big to climb. Trauma can create a space where you don't have the words to describe what your are feeling and experiencing. You don't have to have the answers. Therapy is a journey of discovery and an experience of acceptance and safety. Healing occurs when we recognize where we have been and create new paths for our lives. I accompany people on their journey towards healing.
(412) 899-1257 View (412) 899-1257
Photo of Victoria Blazejewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Victoria Blazejewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
My ideal client is an individual or couple ready to do the work needed to achieve their goals and who desires a happy, healthy life. They may want to work through relationships or sexual problems due to my interest in couples and sex therapy.
My ideal client is an individual or couple ready to do the work needed to achieve their goals and who desires a happy, healthy life. They may want to work through relationships or sexual problems due to my interest in couples and sex therapy.
(412) 426-3088 View (412) 426-3088
Photo of Damien Gabis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Damien Gabis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15209  (Online Only)
Damien has provided therapeutic interventions for people going through grief and loss, PTSD, anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and other barriers. He is an LGBTQ+ and trauma informed therapist. Damien is a veteran and has experience in treating military trauma.
Damien has provided therapeutic interventions for people going through grief and loss, PTSD, anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict, and other barriers. He is an LGBTQ+ and trauma informed therapist. Damien is a veteran and has experience in treating military trauma.
(412) 435-1359 View (412) 435-1359
Photo of Cody McConnell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Cody McConnell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Cody McConnell is a Licensed Practicing Mental Health Counselor who has worked with children and adolescents for over 10 years, most of his experience being with individuals who struggle with behavioral issues in the home and community. He has worked in multiple levels of care that include residential, family-based, school-based, mobile therapy, and outpatient services. Cody has developed skills for providing therapeutic care for individuals seeking help with ADHD, anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and LGBTQ+ concerns.
Cody McConnell is a Licensed Practicing Mental Health Counselor who has worked with children and adolescents for over 10 years, most of his experience being with individuals who struggle with behavioral issues in the home and community. He has worked in multiple levels of care that include residential, family-based, school-based, mobile therapy, and outpatient services. Cody has developed skills for providing therapeutic care for individuals seeking help with ADHD, anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and LGBTQ+ concerns.
(412) 547-9647 View (412) 547-9647
Photo of Martine Saul (Sheherhers), Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Martine Saul (Sheherhers)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Martine Saul is a licensed professional counselor with a B.A. in Psychology from Point Park University and a M.S. in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Her graduate field placements all took place within hospice and palliative care facilities, and she therefore, has experience and interest working with hospice patients as well doing bereavement, grief and loss counseling with those patients and their loved ones. Martine currently works full-time as a therapist in Private Practice. She has earned her certificate in Gerontology from the University of Pittsburgh. She is also trained in EMDR for trauma-informed care.
Martine Saul is a licensed professional counselor with a B.A. in Psychology from Point Park University and a M.S. in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University. Her graduate field placements all took place within hospice and palliative care facilities, and she therefore, has experience and interest working with hospice patients as well doing bereavement, grief and loss counseling with those patients and their loved ones. Martine currently works full-time as a therapist in Private Practice. She has earned her certificate in Gerontology from the University of Pittsburgh. She is also trained in EMDR for trauma-informed care.
(412) 532-4602 View (412) 532-4602
Photo of Paulette Cantwell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Paulette Cantwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Our greatest challenges often shape us yet offer an opportunity to learn and move forward. Psychotherapy is an helpful way to proceed. My approach is based on years of extensive experience with individuals, children, and families. I maintain a safe and secure atmosphere where clients can work through a variety of issues. Each family and individual is unique. I provide a relaxed, supportive, and positive environment for success. Therapy begins with building a trusting relationship. Together we then set goals based on strengths and challenges while utilizing evidence-based practices supplemented with personalized therapeutic approaches to help meet your goals.
Our greatest challenges often shape us yet offer an opportunity to learn and move forward. Psychotherapy is an helpful way to proceed. My approach is based on years of extensive experience with individuals, children, and families. I maintain a safe and secure atmosphere where clients can work through a variety of issues. Each family and individual is unique. I provide a relaxed, supportive, and positive environment for success. Therapy begins with building a trusting relationship. Together we then set goals based on strengths and challenges while utilizing evidence-based practices supplemented with personalized therapeutic approaches to help meet your goals.
(412) 324-3116 View (412) 324-3116
Photo of DiVine Guidance VS LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
DiVine Guidance VS LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Are you struggling with feelings of hopelessness & stagnation? Does Communication with your children seem strained? Tired of feeling lost/ worried about the future? Do you feel you've tried every approach known to man to feel better? Each of us have been there at some point in our lives, so don't feel alone. The past three years of coping with the pandemic has only increased those feelings of worry and hopelessness. Through out our time together you will learn to identify the root of anxious thoughts and depressive mood and learn to take back control of your life and find internal peace and joy. Your journey begins now!
Are you struggling with feelings of hopelessness & stagnation? Does Communication with your children seem strained? Tired of feeling lost/ worried about the future? Do you feel you've tried every approach known to man to feel better? Each of us have been there at some point in our lives, so don't feel alone. The past three years of coping with the pandemic has only increased those feelings of worry and hopelessness. Through out our time together you will learn to identify the root of anxious thoughts and depressive mood and learn to take back control of your life and find internal peace and joy. Your journey begins now!
(724) 390-6359 View (724) 390-6359
Photo of Neuropittsburgh Neurofeedback in Pittsburgh, PA
Neuropittsburgh Neurofeedback
MS, QEEG-DL, LBS, MFA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15233
We offer neurofeedback and other cognitive training processes to address ADD/ADHD, anxiety, focus issues, help with sleep, and other problems due to dysregulation in the brain.
We offer neurofeedback and other cognitive training processes to address ADD/ADHD, anxiety, focus issues, help with sleep, and other problems due to dysregulation in the brain.
(412) 547-8742 View (412) 547-8742
Photo of Michelle Sabino, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Sabino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Not accepting new clients
I have over 20 years of experience specializing in treating women who have problems with their moods and difficulty managing emotions. Formally trained in Dialectal Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt Therapy, I blend these approaches with warmth, compassion and a genuine desire to understand the experience of my clients, thus empowering them to overcome personal obstacles and move forward to a happier, healthier life. I encourage being present in the moment without judgment of ourselves, others, or our circumstances. I approach my work with enthusiasm and often a bit of humor.
I have over 20 years of experience specializing in treating women who have problems with their moods and difficulty managing emotions. Formally trained in Dialectal Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Gestalt Therapy, I blend these approaches with warmth, compassion and a genuine desire to understand the experience of my clients, thus empowering them to overcome personal obstacles and move forward to a happier, healthier life. I encourage being present in the moment without judgment of ourselves, others, or our circumstances. I approach my work with enthusiasm and often a bit of humor.
(412) 906-9296 View (412) 906-9296
Photo of Littlejohn Counseling & Consulting, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Littlejohn Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MPH, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Brittany Littlejohn Maxshure is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She's spent much of her career working with individuals with chronic health conditions. Her experience with and understanding of the concerns and stressors of individuals among this population has equipped her with a unique skillset. She has an overall focus on supporting clients as they navigate through life’s transitions and challenges; whether it be in their personal or professional lives. Brittany strongly believes that everyone has the ability to reach their full potential and she has a desire to assist them in achieving their goals.
Brittany Littlejohn Maxshure is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She's spent much of her career working with individuals with chronic health conditions. Her experience with and understanding of the concerns and stressors of individuals among this population has equipped her with a unique skillset. She has an overall focus on supporting clients as they navigate through life’s transitions and challenges; whether it be in their personal or professional lives. Brittany strongly believes that everyone has the ability to reach their full potential and she has a desire to assist them in achieving their goals.
(412) 407-8630 View (412) 407-8630
Photo of Dr. Jessica Bleil (Walters), Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Jessica Bleil (Walters)
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Jess specializes in working with: complex medical patients such as those with chronic medical illness, epilepsy or genetic disorders • Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression • Learning disabilities • Neuro-developmental disorders such as autism or AD/HD
Dr. Jess specializes in working with: complex medical patients such as those with chronic medical illness, epilepsy or genetic disorders • Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression • Learning disabilities • Neuro-developmental disorders such as autism or AD/HD
(412) 293-0772 View (412) 293-0772
Photo of Meagan Narvaez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Meagan Narvaez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15210  (Online Only)
At times in our lives, sex and intimacy may not be a top priority. You might have a hard time expressing your desires, or knowing what those desires are in the first place! Does that resonate with you? If you’re in a relationship rut or you’ve simply never learned that sex is for YOUR pleasure, you might be feeling disconnected from your body. The root of these challenges is that sex is a skill, and society doesn’t teach us to hone in on our sexy, sensual side for our own benefit. When we struggle with sex or intimacy, we tend to go on struggling until it becomes overwhelming and we can’t avoid it any longer. Now, it’s time to grow.
At times in our lives, sex and intimacy may not be a top priority. You might have a hard time expressing your desires, or knowing what those desires are in the first place! Does that resonate with you? If you’re in a relationship rut or you’ve simply never learned that sex is for YOUR pleasure, you might be feeling disconnected from your body. The root of these challenges is that sex is a skill, and society doesn’t teach us to hone in on our sexy, sensual side for our own benefit. When we struggle with sex or intimacy, we tend to go on struggling until it becomes overwhelming and we can’t avoid it any longer. Now, it’s time to grow.
(412) 207-3868 View (412) 207-3868
Photo of Roxanne Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Roxanne Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15229
Roxanne Davis is a dedicated licensed therapist with a passion for transforming lives through evidence-based therapy techniques and modalities. Specializing in trauma disorders and anxiety, she adopts a person-centered approach that integrates neuroscience with proven treatment methods. With years of valuable experience, Roxanne has developed expertise in working with women and families, particularly those affected by DV. She provides a supportive and knowledgeable environment allowing clients to set goals & embark on a path of growth and fulfillment. She blends compassion and expert, guiding you towards a life of well-being.
Roxanne Davis is a dedicated licensed therapist with a passion for transforming lives through evidence-based therapy techniques and modalities. Specializing in trauma disorders and anxiety, she adopts a person-centered approach that integrates neuroscience with proven treatment methods. With years of valuable experience, Roxanne has developed expertise in working with women and families, particularly those affected by DV. She provides a supportive and knowledgeable environment allowing clients to set goals & embark on a path of growth and fulfillment. She blends compassion and expert, guiding you towards a life of well-being.
(412) 207-3497 View (412) 207-3497
Photo of Neena Nellori, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Neena Nellori
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15233
Welcome to my practice! My approach is to get to the heart of your situation and engage you in developing insight into your choices and patterns. I work collaboratively with you to examine your life choices, problem management and support you through the process of implementing effective change in your life I am an active-directive psychologist who not only listens to you but also provides valuable information on strategies on what is working for you and what isn't. I also help you get unstuck by focussing on a solution and action oriented model of change.
Welcome to my practice! My approach is to get to the heart of your situation and engage you in developing insight into your choices and patterns. I work collaboratively with you to examine your life choices, problem management and support you through the process of implementing effective change in your life I am an active-directive psychologist who not only listens to you but also provides valuable information on strategies on what is working for you and what isn't. I also help you get unstuck by focussing on a solution and action oriented model of change.
(412) 413-9906 View (412) 413-9906
Photo of Sara Rothstein, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Sara Rothstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Raising children is a fulfilling and puzzling part of our lives. From that first day we meet our new baby, a world of hope, wishes, and new possibilities begin. Parents don’t leave the hospital with a guidebook on how to address every bump and hurdle along the way. Children are unique, complex, and exciting. Sometimes however, they also need extra support. In my therapeutic work, I partner with you to understand the needs of your family and that of your child. Together we explore the concerns which bring you into my office – whether trauma, adjustment, anxiety, school related concerns, or behavioral challenges.
Raising children is a fulfilling and puzzling part of our lives. From that first day we meet our new baby, a world of hope, wishes, and new possibilities begin. Parents don’t leave the hospital with a guidebook on how to address every bump and hurdle along the way. Children are unique, complex, and exciting. Sometimes however, they also need extra support. In my therapeutic work, I partner with you to understand the needs of your family and that of your child. Together we explore the concerns which bring you into my office – whether trauma, adjustment, anxiety, school related concerns, or behavioral challenges.
(412) 516-3389 View (412) 516-3389
Photo of Khalilah Yadullah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Khalilah Yadullah
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Are you struggling with depression and/or substance use? Do you feel hopelessness and helplessness, have poor sleep, poor appetite, and increased alcohol intake? Your Goals may be to improve sleep, use 2-3 skills to help identify and work through ANT/Cognitive Distortions, keep a food mood diary, and incorporate foods to improve mood. You may be seeking psychoeducation surrounding the effects of alcohol, including it being a depressant, identifying 2-3 techniques used to promote physical wellness, and using 4-6 days per week (cardio, yoga, stretching, etc.).
Are you struggling with depression and/or substance use? Do you feel hopelessness and helplessness, have poor sleep, poor appetite, and increased alcohol intake? Your Goals may be to improve sleep, use 2-3 skills to help identify and work through ANT/Cognitive Distortions, keep a food mood diary, and incorporate foods to improve mood. You may be seeking psychoeducation surrounding the effects of alcohol, including it being a depressant, identifying 2-3 techniques used to promote physical wellness, and using 4-6 days per week (cardio, yoga, stretching, etc.).
(412) 851-6757 View (412) 851-6757
Photo of Gina M Goth, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Gina M Goth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CAC, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Hello. Have you had a loss of a loved one? Have you lost someone close to you due to suicide? Have you experienced traumatic events in your life? Are there struggles with eating disorders in your life? If so counseling may help. I will work with you in treatment to find a new ways of living. Therapy may be a way to learn new skills, explore certain issues, and find support in the context of a safe therapeutic relationship. Contact me on my website and I will talk with you about your concerns and problems.
Hello. Have you had a loss of a loved one? Have you lost someone close to you due to suicide? Have you experienced traumatic events in your life? Are there struggles with eating disorders in your life? If so counseling may help. I will work with you in treatment to find a new ways of living. Therapy may be a way to learn new skills, explore certain issues, and find support in the context of a safe therapeutic relationship. Contact me on my website and I will talk with you about your concerns and problems.
(412) 329-6547 View (412) 329-6547
Photo of Dorothy Ann Marek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dorothy Ann Marek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSEd, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Dottie is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 2013 with a Masters Degree in Social Work and a certificate in mental health. Dottie has worked in behavioral health with children, adolescents, and families in a school based setting for over 30 years focused on behavioral and emotional support.
Dottie is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that graduated from the University of Pittsburgh in 2013 with a Masters Degree in Social Work and a certificate in mental health. Dottie has worked in behavioral health with children, adolescents, and families in a school based setting for over 30 years focused on behavioral and emotional support.
(412) 307-9194 View (412) 307-9194
Photo of Erin Kilpatrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Erin Kilpatrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR-BC, LPC, CPRP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
You might be facing the complexities of depression, stress, or anxiety. Your unique needs and aspirations matter. You seek a therapist who empathizes with your journey toward emotional well-being, where practical solutions lead to a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's collaborate to attain the positive changes you desire.
You might be facing the complexities of depression, stress, or anxiety. Your unique needs and aspirations matter. You seek a therapist who empathizes with your journey toward emotional well-being, where practical solutions lead to a happier, more fulfilling life. Let's collaborate to attain the positive changes you desire.
(412) 207-3819 View (412) 207-3819

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.