Therapists in Buffalo, NY

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Photo of Consult with Rana Ryan LLC., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Consult with Rana Ryan LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCMSW, CCTP, CAMF, C-DBT, CGIP
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14202
Rana Ryan provides families with key tools to make gains in every aspect of life. Be it personal or professional, my service help others find a path that leads to happiness, success, and a fruitful life. I love to help families feel secure in their marriages, relationships, secure in their parenting and solve problems in their lives. With my tools families learn how to respond to family conflict in an healthy way so each family member can enjoy each other’s love. For more than a decade I have facilitated change and helped people from across the nation reshape their lives and turn their family dreams into reality.
Rana Ryan provides families with key tools to make gains in every aspect of life. Be it personal or professional, my service help others find a path that leads to happiness, success, and a fruitful life. I love to help families feel secure in their marriages, relationships, secure in their parenting and solve problems in their lives. With my tools families learn how to respond to family conflict in an healthy way so each family member can enjoy each other’s love. For more than a decade I have facilitated change and helped people from across the nation reshape their lives and turn their family dreams into reality.
(716) 206-9867 View (716) 206-9867
Photo of Latoya Seals, Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Latoya Seals
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14223
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in NYS with 10 years of clinical experience working as a clinician. I have worked with individuals who have had various concerns including: depression, drug and alcohol addiction, anxiety, self-esteem, lifestyle changes, relationship issues, grief and loss, as well as various abuse and traumatic experiences. My counseling style is modern and warm. I believe in engaging in active listening and am a firm believer of treating others with respect and displaying compassion and empathy.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in NYS with 10 years of clinical experience working as a clinician. I have worked with individuals who have had various concerns including: depression, drug and alcohol addiction, anxiety, self-esteem, lifestyle changes, relationship issues, grief and loss, as well as various abuse and traumatic experiences. My counseling style is modern and warm. I believe in engaging in active listening and am a firm believer of treating others with respect and displaying compassion and empathy.
(716) 340-4332 View (716) 340-4332
Photo of Tara L. Taddio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Tara L. Taddio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14228
Mental health is just as important as physical health from a young person's life stage development to an adult's continuous growth. My focus is to assist you in developing coping skills, decreasing symptoms, improving your relationships, and guiding you to where you want to be as make your overall mental health and wellness a priority. Your treatment will be specific to you and your individual needs. I have over 25 years of experience working with children, adolescents and families experiencing various challenges such as anxiety, depression, behavioral, stress and trauma-related issues.
Mental health is just as important as physical health from a young person's life stage development to an adult's continuous growth. My focus is to assist you in developing coping skills, decreasing symptoms, improving your relationships, and guiding you to where you want to be as make your overall mental health and wellness a priority. Your treatment will be specific to you and your individual needs. I have over 25 years of experience working with children, adolescents and families experiencing various challenges such as anxiety, depression, behavioral, stress and trauma-related issues.
(716) 869-6854 View (716) 869-6854
Photo of Tara M Columbus, Mental Health Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Tara M Columbus
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14223  (Online Only)
You know that feeling when you graduate college and suddenly everything you knew has changed? Or when you start a new job and you're constantly second-guessing yourself? Have you experienced a recent break-up? Life transitions can be tough, especially when faced with overwhelming and confusing emotions. Whether you are interested in better understanding who you are, need support with the grief/loss of your previous stage of life, or you want to learn tools to handle life's obstacles. I am here to support you as you embark on the next part of your journey.
You know that feeling when you graduate college and suddenly everything you knew has changed? Or when you start a new job and you're constantly second-guessing yourself? Have you experienced a recent break-up? Life transitions can be tough, especially when faced with overwhelming and confusing emotions. Whether you are interested in better understanding who you are, need support with the grief/loss of your previous stage of life, or you want to learn tools to handle life's obstacles. I am here to support you as you embark on the next part of your journey.
(716) 477-5853 View (716) 477-5853
Photo of Michelle Volpe, Art Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Michelle Volpe
Art Therapist, LCAT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14228
Hi! My name is Michelle and I am a Creative Arts Therapist. I utilize all different modalities such as CBT, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, person centered therapy and DBT skills in my counseling sessions but specialize in art therapy. I have been working in the field of mental health for 10 years now. I specialize in working with children, teens and adults with anxiety, depression, ODD, ADHD, bipolar and much more.
Hi! My name is Michelle and I am a Creative Arts Therapist. I utilize all different modalities such as CBT, mindfulness, motivational interviewing, person centered therapy and DBT skills in my counseling sessions but specialize in art therapy. I have been working in the field of mental health for 10 years now. I specialize in working with children, teens and adults with anxiety, depression, ODD, ADHD, bipolar and much more.
(716) 303-3524 View (716) 303-3524
Photo of Lauren Lang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Lauren Lang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221  (Online Only)
I empower individuals to overcome personal obstacles to improve their lives by providing a unique individualized treatment plan for each client. I have been working in the mental health field since 2009. I use clinically tested and evidence-based interventions as well as a personal and warm approach to help my clients overcome symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression, as well as mood disorders. I have experience working with young adults with ADHD to help with executive functioning.
I empower individuals to overcome personal obstacles to improve their lives by providing a unique individualized treatment plan for each client. I have been working in the mental health field since 2009. I use clinically tested and evidence-based interventions as well as a personal and warm approach to help my clients overcome symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression, as well as mood disorders. I have experience working with young adults with ADHD to help with executive functioning.
(929) 460-0412 View (929) 460-0412
Photo of Maryellen McCone, Mental Health Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Maryellen McCone
Mental Health Counselor, RN, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14202
While each therapeutic relationship is unique and utilizes techniques which are appropriate to the individual, my focus is drawn from cognitive therapy which identifies how our thoughts influence our feeling and a mindfulness based practice which includes meditation and allows us to identify our thoughts and feelings in the present moment. This is coupled with self-compassion training in order to allow us to make changes that are in our best long term interest and to do so with compassion and not judgement.
While each therapeutic relationship is unique and utilizes techniques which are appropriate to the individual, my focus is drawn from cognitive therapy which identifies how our thoughts influence our feeling and a mindfulness based practice which includes meditation and allows us to identify our thoughts and feelings in the present moment. This is coupled with self-compassion training in order to allow us to make changes that are in our best long term interest and to do so with compassion and not judgement.
(716) 567-8178 View (716) 567-8178
Photo of Emily Ets-Hokin, Psychologist in Buffalo, NY
Emily Ets-Hokin
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14216
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst with over 30 years of experience in solo private practice, teaching and service in the community. Having a relationship with my patients and taking care of them are central in my work. Perhaps because of my background in the arts (dance), I also deeply value the creative yet disciplined use of self and an active authentic engagement in the therapeutic process. I specialize in the treatment of adolescents and young adults (18-25). I also treat individuals, couples, and families who struggle with transitional issues throughout the life cycle.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst with over 30 years of experience in solo private practice, teaching and service in the community. Having a relationship with my patients and taking care of them are central in my work. Perhaps because of my background in the arts (dance), I also deeply value the creative yet disciplined use of self and an active authentic engagement in the therapeutic process. I specialize in the treatment of adolescents and young adults (18-25). I also treat individuals, couples, and families who struggle with transitional issues throughout the life cycle.
(716) 514-9113 View (716) 514-9113
Photo of Bridget E. Hillery, Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Bridget E. Hillery
Counselor, LMHC, CASAC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14216  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Alcohol and Substance Abuse Clinician I have had the privilege of helping my clients find hope and healing for over eleven years. My experience has given me the opportunity to assist clients of all backgrounds in managing their struggles with stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, addiction issues and more.
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Alcohol and Substance Abuse Clinician I have had the privilege of helping my clients find hope and healing for over eleven years. My experience has given me the opportunity to assist clients of all backgrounds in managing their struggles with stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, addiction issues and more.
(716) 320-7959 View (716) 320-7959
Photo of Christine Turturro, Pre-Licensed Professional in Buffalo, NY
Christine Turturro
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-P
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221
Navigating conflict and emotional response is a crucial part of the human experience. In some cases, these challenges can become overwhelming or put us in positions where we feel disconnected from our authentic selves. Working with a mental health professional can help us to navigate our individual needs. I believe in an integrative model, prioritizing autonomy and truth to oneself.
Navigating conflict and emotional response is a crucial part of the human experience. In some cases, these challenges can become overwhelming or put us in positions where we feel disconnected from our authentic selves. Working with a mental health professional can help us to navigate our individual needs. I believe in an integrative model, prioritizing autonomy and truth to oneself.
(716) 222-8493 View (716) 222-8493
Photo of Dr. Brian Nasca, Psychologist in Buffalo, NY
Dr. Brian Nasca
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221
Hello, I am Dr. Nasca and I currently provide mental health care to children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience working with individuals with autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, behavior disorders, ADHD, and OCD. I utilize a client-centered, individualized approach to therapy and am proficient in the following treatment modalities: cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), mindfulness training, social skills training, narrative therapy, applied behavior analysis, parent training and consultation.
Hello, I am Dr. Nasca and I currently provide mental health care to children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience working with individuals with autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, behavior disorders, ADHD, and OCD. I utilize a client-centered, individualized approach to therapy and am proficient in the following treatment modalities: cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), mindfulness training, social skills training, narrative therapy, applied behavior analysis, parent training and consultation.
(716) 869-9044 View (716) 869-9044
Photo of Elisabeth Burn, Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Elisabeth Burn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14213
I am currently accepting new clients. Elisabeth Burn is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of New York. Are you currently feeling anxious, depressed or even stuck? I specialize in supporting individuals and couples in understanding their stories. I hope that I can be supportive to you in identifying the pieces of your story that have brought you to therapy. In doing so, we can work together to uncover patterns that might be keeping you from living the life you desire. Together we can find ways to unlock these past patterns and discover new pathways to promote a better relationship with yourself and with others.
I am currently accepting new clients. Elisabeth Burn is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of New York. Are you currently feeling anxious, depressed or even stuck? I specialize in supporting individuals and couples in understanding their stories. I hope that I can be supportive to you in identifying the pieces of your story that have brought you to therapy. In doing so, we can work together to uncover patterns that might be keeping you from living the life you desire. Together we can find ways to unlock these past patterns and discover new pathways to promote a better relationship with yourself and with others.
(716) 588-4491 View (716) 588-4491
Photo of Margot Hoffman, Licensed Master Social Worker in Buffalo, NY
Margot Hoffman
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14228
When life gets heavy it can feel like we're stuck in a forest, struggling to find warmth and navigate ourselves toward a safe path. This can make it difficult to show up in our lives the way we’d like to, we’re desperately trying to move forward, but past experiences and future worries trip us time and time again. Trauma, depression, anxiety, and grief can make it easy to stay stuck in this forest. What can be difficult, though, is reaching out for a hand to hold along the way as we make new turns that lead us back to ourselves.
When life gets heavy it can feel like we're stuck in a forest, struggling to find warmth and navigate ourselves toward a safe path. This can make it difficult to show up in our lives the way we’d like to, we’re desperately trying to move forward, but past experiences and future worries trip us time and time again. Trauma, depression, anxiety, and grief can make it easy to stay stuck in this forest. What can be difficult, though, is reaching out for a hand to hold along the way as we make new turns that lead us back to ourselves.
(716) 526-8419 View (716) 526-8419
Photo of Mary-Lucinda Palmieri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Mary-Lucinda Palmieri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14225
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I have worked with individuals with anxiety, depression, low-self esteem, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and over all life stressors. I like to call myself an eclectic therapist in the sense that I incorporate multiple models during our time together. I am open to working with clients and families who are ready and willing to do the work! Although it may be hard, it will soon be worth it.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I have worked with individuals with anxiety, depression, low-self esteem, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and over all life stressors. I like to call myself an eclectic therapist in the sense that I incorporate multiple models during our time together. I am open to working with clients and families who are ready and willing to do the work! Although it may be hard, it will soon be worth it.
(716) 296-4313 View (716) 296-4313
Photo of Ashera DeRosa, Marriage & Family Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Ashera DeRosa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Buffalo, NY 14213
When it pertains to your intimate life, you deserve nothing less than outstanding, compassionate care. It is an incredibly vulnerable act to open up about your struggles with sexuality. Whether your issues stem from trauma, dysfunction, or secrets, I see you and I hold space for you. Healing is possible, even in the spiciest of circumstances. I am a Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy provider and Brainspotting Therapist. I am honored to accompany people in their trauma recovery and am happy to swim in the deep end with you.
When it pertains to your intimate life, you deserve nothing less than outstanding, compassionate care. It is an incredibly vulnerable act to open up about your struggles with sexuality. Whether your issues stem from trauma, dysfunction, or secrets, I see you and I hold space for you. Healing is possible, even in the spiciest of circumstances. I am a Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy provider and Brainspotting Therapist. I am honored to accompany people in their trauma recovery and am happy to swim in the deep end with you.
(716) 466-5509 View (716) 466-5509
Photo of Renee Wert, Psychologist in Buffalo, NY
Renee Wert
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14209
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Wert has been in practice and licensed as a psychologist for over 20 years. She has considerable training and experience in working with people experiencing depression, anxiety disorders including phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder, relationship problems, women's issues and workplace stress. She utilizes mindfulness and relaxation strategies where useful. Working with people experiencing behavioral "addictions" or habits such as excessive eating, spending, gambling, internet use, etc., as well as working with family members affected by these issues or by substance abuse, is also a specialty. She works with adults of all ages.
Dr. Wert has been in practice and licensed as a psychologist for over 20 years. She has considerable training and experience in working with people experiencing depression, anxiety disorders including phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder, relationship problems, women's issues and workplace stress. She utilizes mindfulness and relaxation strategies where useful. Working with people experiencing behavioral "addictions" or habits such as excessive eating, spending, gambling, internet use, etc., as well as working with family members affected by these issues or by substance abuse, is also a specialty. She works with adults of all ages.
(716) 478-3581 View (716) 478-3581
Photo of Caryl Brent, Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Caryl Brent
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221  (Online Only)
Do you ever feel irrelevant or disconnected from others you care about? Do you feel overwhelmed with too much to do, or not involved enough with things you enjoy doing? Do you ever feel isolated or empty? Do you stay in relationships too long or not long enough? Do you have difficulty asking for what you want or what you need? Do you ever feel like you are constantly getting more than you are getting? Do you want to make some changes but feel stuck? "Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced". James Baldwin
Do you ever feel irrelevant or disconnected from others you care about? Do you feel overwhelmed with too much to do, or not involved enough with things you enjoy doing? Do you ever feel isolated or empty? Do you stay in relationships too long or not long enough? Do you have difficulty asking for what you want or what you need? Do you ever feel like you are constantly getting more than you are getting? Do you want to make some changes but feel stuck? "Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced". James Baldwin
(716) 335-9307 View (716) 335-9307
Photo of Heather Odum, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Heather Odum
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14223
Therapy is an opportunity to cultivate resilience and wisdom to develop more balance and fulfillment in your life. I focus on creating a healing space to express your emotions, understand how your life experiences have impacted you, reflect on your behavior and choices, consider new perspectives, and develop personalized tools to navigate your life with more confidence.
Therapy is an opportunity to cultivate resilience and wisdom to develop more balance and fulfillment in your life. I focus on creating a healing space to express your emotions, understand how your life experiences have impacted you, reflect on your behavior and choices, consider new perspectives, and develop personalized tools to navigate your life with more confidence.
(716) 528-6591 View (716) 528-6591
Photo of Angela Territo-Galfo, Counselor in Buffalo, NY
Angela Territo-Galfo
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14209
If you are here, reading these words, you just took your first step towards healing! I honor where you are. I welcome you to be open minded on your journey to heal the old wounds you may be carrying from past experiences. You may feel lost, scared, confused or just know that it is time to make a change in your life. I am here to help you by guiding and supporting you in reaching your hopes and goals of building resilience; and a better connection to your whole self. I have special interest in working with clients dealing with issues such as: anxiety, mood disorders, life transitions, attachment, trauma, PTSD/CPTSD and spirituality
If you are here, reading these words, you just took your first step towards healing! I honor where you are. I welcome you to be open minded on your journey to heal the old wounds you may be carrying from past experiences. You may feel lost, scared, confused or just know that it is time to make a change in your life. I am here to help you by guiding and supporting you in reaching your hopes and goals of building resilience; and a better connection to your whole self. I have special interest in working with clients dealing with issues such as: anxiety, mood disorders, life transitions, attachment, trauma, PTSD/CPTSD and spirituality
View
Photo of Hillary Petko, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Buffalo, NY
Hillary Petko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Buffalo, NY 14221  (Online Only)
I am motivated to create an environment that is welcoming, compassionate, collaborative, and free of judgment. I offer an eclectic approach to therapy that pulls from a variety of treatment modalities. When entering therapy, you should expect an opportunity to feel understood, validated, and confident in discussing concerns without judgment. I aim to equip clients with tools they can use to successfully manage stressors in their personal lives. It takes courage to seek support and divulge personal experiences; my goal is to help you feel assured in your decision to reach out!
I am motivated to create an environment that is welcoming, compassionate, collaborative, and free of judgment. I offer an eclectic approach to therapy that pulls from a variety of treatment modalities. When entering therapy, you should expect an opportunity to feel understood, validated, and confident in discussing concerns without judgment. I aim to equip clients with tools they can use to successfully manage stressors in their personal lives. It takes courage to seek support and divulge personal experiences; my goal is to help you feel assured in your decision to reach out!
(646) 760-8025 View (646) 760-8025

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Buffalo, NY

600+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Buffalo, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
75% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
57% Cigna and Evernorth
54% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Buffalo, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Buffalo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.