Therapists in Cambridge, MA

View neighborhoods in Cambridge
Photo of Antonia V Seligowski, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Antonia V Seligowski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I aim to help clients understand how stress and trauma affect their lives, provide support and validation, and teach skills to help manage stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. I also have experience treating social anxiety, phobias, and panic disorder. Treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT; behavioral activation, exposure therapy), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Prolonged Exposure (PE), as well as mindfulness, acceptance, and values clarification.
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). I aim to help clients understand how stress and trauma affect their lives, provide support and validation, and teach skills to help manage stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. I also have experience treating social anxiety, phobias, and panic disorder. Treatment approaches include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT; behavioral activation, exposure therapy), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), and Prolonged Exposure (PE), as well as mindfulness, acceptance, and values clarification.
View
Photo of Debra S Filiurin, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Debra S Filiurin
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
Debra Filiurin has been working with individuals, couples and groups for 35 years. You will engage in a humanistic approach, with respectful dialogue to help you achieve your individual goals.
Debra Filiurin has been working with individuals, couples and groups for 35 years. You will engage in a humanistic approach, with respectful dialogue to help you achieve your individual goals.
(617) 446-3015 View (617) 446-3015
Photo of Alexis Jette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Alexis Jette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Alexis M. Jette is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2022. She has a Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College and a Masters in Social Work from Simmons University. Alexis approaches all of her clients through a strengths-based perspective that is tailored to their individual needs. She has specific expertise in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Alexis also draws from a variety of modalities including dialectical behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, and prolonged exposure therapy.
Alexis M. Jette is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2022. She has a Bachelor of Arts from Wellesley College and a Masters in Social Work from Simmons University. Alexis approaches all of her clients through a strengths-based perspective that is tailored to their individual needs. She has specific expertise in cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Alexis also draws from a variety of modalities including dialectical behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, and prolonged exposure therapy.
(617) 764-9915 View (617) 764-9915
Photo of Lucie Monroe, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Lucie Monroe
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Waitlist for new clients
Life hurts. It just does. We all go through tough times at some point. Tragedy and hardship hit unannounced. These events have a lasting impact - even subtle ones - especially if they took place during our formative years. They can leave us on high alert, isolated, stressed out, hating ourselves, experiencing nightmares, not being able to feel joy, or to concentrate. If you have experienced any kind of trauma, be it a massive event that you didn't recover from, the repeated attrition of abuse, or the subtle and insidious wounding of emotional neglect, there is hope.
Life hurts. It just does. We all go through tough times at some point. Tragedy and hardship hit unannounced. These events have a lasting impact - even subtle ones - especially if they took place during our formative years. They can leave us on high alert, isolated, stressed out, hating ourselves, experiencing nightmares, not being able to feel joy, or to concentrate. If you have experienced any kind of trauma, be it a massive event that you didn't recover from, the repeated attrition of abuse, or the subtle and insidious wounding of emotional neglect, there is hope.
(508) 283-4561 View (508) 283-4561
Photo of Dr. Jillian M. Stile, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Dr. Jillian M. Stile
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02238
I have a special affinity for work with adolescents and young adults. I am well attuned to the psychological challenges attendant to the complex transitions in our culture from high school to college and from college to young adult life. I have in-depth experience with this age group, with their confusion and explorations of sexual experience, as well as the long dark corridors of eating disorders and addictions. I have worked in inpatient and outpatient hospital settings. Having seen it all, and found ways to help a wide variety of individuals, I am well positioned to offer hope.
I have a special affinity for work with adolescents and young adults. I am well attuned to the psychological challenges attendant to the complex transitions in our culture from high school to college and from college to young adult life. I have in-depth experience with this age group, with their confusion and explorations of sexual experience, as well as the long dark corridors of eating disorders and addictions. I have worked in inpatient and outpatient hospital settings. Having seen it all, and found ways to help a wide variety of individuals, I am well positioned to offer hope.
(508) 691-8302 View (508) 691-8302
Photo of Kristen K Ellard, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Kristen K Ellard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
I REGRET MY PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. We can all benefit from understanding ourselves a bit better. I offer a collaborative approach to therapy that emphasizes gaining a better understanding of your own unique emotional experiences, reactions, behaviors and motivations, and exploring how these patterns of responding to your world developed and evolved over time. Together we will sort through what is working and what is not working, replacing unhelpful habits, responses and interpretations with new helpful strategies, and strengthening adaptive skills you may already possess
I REGRET MY PRACTICE IS CURRENTLY FULL. We can all benefit from understanding ourselves a bit better. I offer a collaborative approach to therapy that emphasizes gaining a better understanding of your own unique emotional experiences, reactions, behaviors and motivations, and exploring how these patterns of responding to your world developed and evolved over time. Together we will sort through what is working and what is not working, replacing unhelpful habits, responses and interpretations with new helpful strategies, and strengthening adaptive skills you may already possess
(617) 420-7922 View (617) 420-7922
Photo of Albert Thrower, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Albert Thrower
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
My primary strength as a clinician is my ability to help clients make connections. Primarily using Internal Family Systems therapy, I help clients manage day-to-day challenges as well as identify patterns and follow these back to deeper root causes. By approaching your inner wounds and survival tactics with empathy, you can begin to reimagine your relationships to yourself and to others. I offer a non-judgmental ear, an empathetic perspective, and 10 years of experience in the field to guide you through the work. Sometimes it's hard, sometimes it's fun, and I'm here for all of it.
My primary strength as a clinician is my ability to help clients make connections. Primarily using Internal Family Systems therapy, I help clients manage day-to-day challenges as well as identify patterns and follow these back to deeper root causes. By approaching your inner wounds and survival tactics with empathy, you can begin to reimagine your relationships to yourself and to others. I offer a non-judgmental ear, an empathetic perspective, and 10 years of experience in the field to guide you through the work. Sometimes it's hard, sometimes it's fun, and I'm here for all of it.
(617) 299-7246 View (617) 299-7246
Photo of Sarah Fournier, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sarah Fournier
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I help those who struggle with anxiety, self-worth, and relational stress. Sometimes, on the outside, we can look as if we have our lives perfectly put-together. We’re meeting everyone’s expectations and excelling in different aspects of our lives. But, on the inside, we can feel overwhelmed and stressed, with an ongoing pressure to perform.
I help those who struggle with anxiety, self-worth, and relational stress. Sometimes, on the outside, we can look as if we have our lives perfectly put-together. We’re meeting everyone’s expectations and excelling in different aspects of our lives. But, on the inside, we can feel overwhelmed and stressed, with an ongoing pressure to perform.
(508) 625-5272 View (508) 625-5272
Photo of New Perspectives Therapy LCSW P.C., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
New Perspectives Therapy LCSW P.C.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02142  (Online Only)
Understanding why people suffer, how they change, and how to help them live more satisfying and gratifying lives is a fascinating, huge, and important undertaking. For this reason, finding a clinician with appropriate life experiences, training, humility, and willingness to learn what makes each person unique is one of the most difficult challenges for those seeking counseling/therapy today. I would like an opportunity to help you to live the life you have always wanted. "Change the way you look at things and the things you look at change."
Understanding why people suffer, how they change, and how to help them live more satisfying and gratifying lives is a fascinating, huge, and important undertaking. For this reason, finding a clinician with appropriate life experiences, training, humility, and willingness to learn what makes each person unique is one of the most difficult challenges for those seeking counseling/therapy today. I would like an opportunity to help you to live the life you have always wanted. "Change the way you look at things and the things you look at change."
(914) 447-8340 View (914) 447-8340
Photo of Hannah Kanter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Hannah Kanter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, RYT200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02141  (Online Only)
Do upsetting images tend to replay themselves in your head all of the time? Maybe you want to understand why your body feels on-edge or shut down? You want to move on from those bad experiences, but you feel stuck. It would be so nice to feel calm and fully present. Perhaps you have a hard time asking for help. The coping tools you learned in childhood to keep yourself safe and afloat are starting to rust. It’s time for new skills to add to your self-care toolbox.
Do upsetting images tend to replay themselves in your head all of the time? Maybe you want to understand why your body feels on-edge or shut down? You want to move on from those bad experiences, but you feel stuck. It would be so nice to feel calm and fully present. Perhaps you have a hard time asking for help. The coping tools you learned in childhood to keep yourself safe and afloat are starting to rust. It’s time for new skills to add to your self-care toolbox.
(734) 206-7487 View (734) 206-7487
Photo of Benjamin Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Benjamin Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC I, MSEd
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor (LADAC I). I have a Masters of Education in mental health, addictions, and marriage and family therapy. I have worked with families, adolescents and adults for over the 10 years in a variety of settings. I typically utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor (LADAC I). I have a Masters of Education in mental health, addictions, and marriage and family therapy. I have worked with families, adolescents and adults for over the 10 years in a variety of settings. I typically utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Family Systems Therapy.
(978) 591-6771 View (978) 591-6771
Photo of Cambridge Mind Body, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Cambridge Mind Body
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140
It's inevitable that one's emotional life will get tangled at times. It's a sign of maturity and resilience to be willing to look inside with curiosity and do some self-development work. My interest and joy is empowering my clients to learn practical, applicable skills to mindfully manage unwanted patterns and cultivate new ones. My approach often uses mindfulness to create a more spacious, patient, and compassionate response to moods, emotions and thoughts. Cognitive therapy is wonderful way to actively re-program our thinking, and we might use yoga skills to tune the body, mind and nervous system to work for you, not against you.
It's inevitable that one's emotional life will get tangled at times. It's a sign of maturity and resilience to be willing to look inside with curiosity and do some self-development work. My interest and joy is empowering my clients to learn practical, applicable skills to mindfully manage unwanted patterns and cultivate new ones. My approach often uses mindfulness to create a more spacious, patient, and compassionate response to moods, emotions and thoughts. Cognitive therapy is wonderful way to actively re-program our thinking, and we might use yoga skills to tune the body, mind and nervous system to work for you, not against you.
(617) 396-4946 View (617) 396-4946
Photo of Emily Baer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Emily Baer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
Experiencing Anxiety & symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be an isolating and confusing struggle. This disorder commonly gets in the way of individual's lives, affecting their personal relationships, familial relations, social life and even professional life. OCD is a complex disorder that can manifest in several different ways.
Experiencing Anxiety & symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be an isolating and confusing struggle. This disorder commonly gets in the way of individual's lives, affecting their personal relationships, familial relations, social life and even professional life. OCD is a complex disorder that can manifest in several different ways.
(617) 977-5130 View (617) 977-5130
Photo of Valerie L. Kirr, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Valerie L. Kirr
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MACCS
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02140  (Online Only)
I enjoy helping individuals who seek Balance, yet struggle to find the right combination. With 30+ years of experience, I have knowledge and compassion for both the biological and psychosocial aspects of mental health. Support, exploration, new skills and making connections are the essentials for moving forward to a more balanced life. During treatment an eclectic approach will be used to suit your needs as an individual. Modalities may include: CBT, Interpersonal, Psychodynamic, MBCT, and EFT. Opportunities to explore creative outlets, Yoga/Movement, and the Arts, may benefit to enhance the therapeutic healing process.
I enjoy helping individuals who seek Balance, yet struggle to find the right combination. With 30+ years of experience, I have knowledge and compassion for both the biological and psychosocial aspects of mental health. Support, exploration, new skills and making connections are the essentials for moving forward to a more balanced life. During treatment an eclectic approach will be used to suit your needs as an individual. Modalities may include: CBT, Interpersonal, Psychodynamic, MBCT, and EFT. Opportunities to explore creative outlets, Yoga/Movement, and the Arts, may benefit to enhance the therapeutic healing process.
(857) 239-0055 View (857) 239-0055
Photo of Rachel Register, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Rachel Register
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02142  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Rachel Register and I am a licensed independent clinical social worker who has been in practice in Massachusetts as well as New Hampshire for over 5 years working with adults, couples and families. I feel passionate about healing and empowering clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues and life transitions.
Hi, my name is Rachel Register and I am a licensed independent clinical social worker who has been in practice in Massachusetts as well as New Hampshire for over 5 years working with adults, couples and families. I feel passionate about healing and empowering clients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues and life transitions.
(857) 371-4179 View (857) 371-4179
Photo of Chanelle Dow, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Chanelle Dow
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
My integrative treatment approach is designed to fit my clients’ unique and varying needs. The treatment I provide is culturally-informed and identity-affirming with the intent of building a trusting and open therapeutic relationship. My work is heavily influenced by relational, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral treatment modalities.
My integrative treatment approach is designed to fit my clients’ unique and varying needs. The treatment I provide is culturally-informed and identity-affirming with the intent of building a trusting and open therapeutic relationship. My work is heavily influenced by relational, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral treatment modalities.
(617) 468-7080 View (617) 468-7080
Photo of Larissa Dias, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Larissa Dias
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
Larissa enjoys working with clients who are ready and committed to change. Larissa works well with those who struggle with a variety of mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship/family stressors, addiction, and trauma. Larissa enjoys working with clients who are ready to get out of their comfort zones, who are willing to have an open mind, incorporate new techniques, and be challenged.
Larissa enjoys working with clients who are ready and committed to change. Larissa works well with those who struggle with a variety of mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship/family stressors, addiction, and trauma. Larissa enjoys working with clients who are ready to get out of their comfort zones, who are willing to have an open mind, incorporate new techniques, and be challenged.
(857) 466-1805 View (857) 466-1805
Photo of Alicia Almonte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Alicia Almonte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Update 10/30: Short Waitlist - I am a licensed psychotherapist working with adults and teenagers. Some of my common clients may come with issues related to anxiety, trauma, depression, grief, family conflict, life transitions, or ADHD. I value the importance of diversity, and I appreciate how the intersectionality of identities can impact lived experiences. My goal is to help you engage and enhance your capacity for introspection and self-awareness to better understand your past, present, and future, in a relaxed and comfortable therapeutic setting.
Update 10/30: Short Waitlist - I am a licensed psychotherapist working with adults and teenagers. Some of my common clients may come with issues related to anxiety, trauma, depression, grief, family conflict, life transitions, or ADHD. I value the importance of diversity, and I appreciate how the intersectionality of identities can impact lived experiences. My goal is to help you engage and enhance your capacity for introspection and self-awareness to better understand your past, present, and future, in a relaxed and comfortable therapeutic setting.
View
Photo of Rebecca Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Rebecca Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Rebecca Rodriguez is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with 11 years of experience working with individuals that have faced depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress, incarceration, violence, substance use, unemployment, trauma, and more. Rebecca received her Master's degree in Social Work from Bridgewater State University. Her approach to helping others is not a one-size-fits-all approach, but instead, she works with clients to find out what works best for them.
Rebecca Rodriguez is a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) with 11 years of experience working with individuals that have faced depression, anxiety, relationship issues, stress, incarceration, violence, substance use, unemployment, trauma, and more. Rebecca received her Master's degree in Social Work from Bridgewater State University. Her approach to helping others is not a one-size-fits-all approach, but instead, she works with clients to find out what works best for them.
(617) 958-5833 View (617) 958-5833
Photo of Duncan Fitch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Duncan Fitch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I work with children, adolescents, young adults, parents, and families to help overcome a variety of stressors including anxiety, depression, impulse control and executive functioning issues like ADHD/language processing challenges, autism spectrum disorder, blended family struggles, academic challenges (from performance anxiety to IEPs and therapeutic schools), oppositional behaviors, and substance use. My clients describe me as warm, dedicated, and helpful. I tailor my approach to each client or family using an active-listening, strengths-based approach to build a trusting relationship and help clients identify and attain solutions that improve their functioning and relationships.
I work with children, adolescents, young adults, parents, and families to help overcome a variety of stressors including anxiety, depression, impulse control and executive functioning issues like ADHD/language processing challenges, autism spectrum disorder, blended family struggles, academic challenges (from performance anxiety to IEPs and therapeutic schools), oppositional behaviors, and substance use. My clients describe me as warm, dedicated, and helpful. I tailor my approach to each client or family using an active-listening, strengths-based approach to build a trusting relationship and help clients identify and attain solutions that improve their functioning and relationships.
(508) 589-5385 View (508) 589-5385

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.