Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Kelly Duke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Kelly Duke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78748
The struggle is real! Life can be challenging, overwhelming, and at times, just plain difficult. The good news is, it does not have to be and you don't have to go it alone. My approach is to offer compassionate support in a nonjudgmental and empowering environment in which you are the expert on your experiences. The goal of therapy, I hope, is to empower you to appropriately deal with life events, reduce stress, and experience personal growth. I also hope therapy will allow for increased feelings of self worth, satisfaction in relationships and will lead to a more fulfilling life.
The struggle is real! Life can be challenging, overwhelming, and at times, just plain difficult. The good news is, it does not have to be and you don't have to go it alone. My approach is to offer compassionate support in a nonjudgmental and empowering environment in which you are the expert on your experiences. The goal of therapy, I hope, is to empower you to appropriately deal with life events, reduce stress, and experience personal growth. I also hope therapy will allow for increased feelings of self worth, satisfaction in relationships and will lead to a more fulfilling life.
(512) 842-4274 View (512) 842-4274
Photo of Michael Germany, LPC-Associate in Austin, TX
Michael Germany
LPC-Associate, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78717
Anxiety and trauma are a heavy burden, disconnecting us from our lives, loved ones, and our own sense of vitality and safety in our minds and bodies while trapping us in a persistent feeling of unease. If you are like my clients, you want to truly heal from this burden rather than just cover up symptoms and stay stuck in the cycle of an overwhelmed nervous system. To move past trauma and anxiety for good, we must foster safety in our lives, heal the source of our pain, and develop a felt sense of our own capacity to flourish. My practice is all about helping my clients through that process as a supportive companion and guide.
Anxiety and trauma are a heavy burden, disconnecting us from our lives, loved ones, and our own sense of vitality and safety in our minds and bodies while trapping us in a persistent feeling of unease. If you are like my clients, you want to truly heal from this burden rather than just cover up symptoms and stay stuck in the cycle of an overwhelmed nervous system. To move past trauma and anxiety for good, we must foster safety in our lives, heal the source of our pain, and develop a felt sense of our own capacity to flourish. My practice is all about helping my clients through that process as a supportive companion and guide.
(737) 727-3952 View (737) 727-3952
Photo of Bradley Gerber, PhD, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Bradley Gerber, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
My philosophy for therapy is that it is a collaborative process of partnering to develop new tools to create change. I believe in creating a strong therapeutic alliance in order to help you feel empowered to try out new strategies to maximize the positive results that you can achieve. I have significant experience providing evidenced-based treatment for anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, social skills deficits, and parent training/coaching. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and parents. I provide psychological assessments for learning disabilities, ADHD, and social/emotional/behavioral concerns.
My philosophy for therapy is that it is a collaborative process of partnering to develop new tools to create change. I believe in creating a strong therapeutic alliance in order to help you feel empowered to try out new strategies to maximize the positive results that you can achieve. I have significant experience providing evidenced-based treatment for anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, social skills deficits, and parent training/coaching. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and parents. I provide psychological assessments for learning disabilities, ADHD, and social/emotional/behavioral concerns.
(512) 524-7436 View (512) 524-7436
Photo of Purna Bajekal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Purna Bajekal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78756
It can be hard to find a therapist who understands how living with marginalized identities impact the way we show up in the world—and for ourselves. I take a culturally-responsive and somatic (mind-body centered) approach and value authenticity and inclusivity in my work. I support individuals in understanding how their experiences, relationships, identities, and culture impact who they are and their behaviors and interactions in the world. I specialize in working with young adults, BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, and 1st and 2nd generation immigrants experiencing life transitions.
It can be hard to find a therapist who understands how living with marginalized identities impact the way we show up in the world—and for ourselves. I take a culturally-responsive and somatic (mind-body centered) approach and value authenticity and inclusivity in my work. I support individuals in understanding how their experiences, relationships, identities, and culture impact who they are and their behaviors and interactions in the world. I specialize in working with young adults, BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, and 1st and 2nd generation immigrants experiencing life transitions.
(737) 530-8123 View (737) 530-8123
Photo of Conscious Grace Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Conscious Grace Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
At Conscious Grace Therapy, I work with clients to explore their relationship to self and to develop a life that is a more authentic expression of who they are and how they actually experience the world. My clients often identify feeling so overwhelmed by expectations, responsibilities and challenging experiences that being honest with what they feel, need, desire or experience is often not a realistic option. Instead, they live in the tension of striving to be the person they need to be or are supposed to be.
At Conscious Grace Therapy, I work with clients to explore their relationship to self and to develop a life that is a more authentic expression of who they are and how they actually experience the world. My clients often identify feeling so overwhelmed by expectations, responsibilities and challenging experiences that being honest with what they feel, need, desire or experience is often not a realistic option. Instead, they live in the tension of striving to be the person they need to be or are supposed to be.
(512) 710-2124 View (512) 710-2124
Photo of Lifesparks Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Lifesparks Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello, Welcome! The research shows that when we take the first step toward feeling better, we do feel more positive about ourselves, so even looking for a therapist here, puts you in a better place! I work with men and women of all ages. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, stress management, grief and loss, trauma, and adjustment disorders/life transitions- those times when one's world has turned upside down, either a bit, or A Lot! I would like to spend some time getting to know you and developing a rapport with you, so you can feel safe and comfortable sharing your story and concerns
Hello, Welcome! The research shows that when we take the first step toward feeling better, we do feel more positive about ourselves, so even looking for a therapist here, puts you in a better place! I work with men and women of all ages. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, stress management, grief and loss, trauma, and adjustment disorders/life transitions- those times when one's world has turned upside down, either a bit, or A Lot! I would like to spend some time getting to know you and developing a rapport with you, so you can feel safe and comfortable sharing your story and concerns
(430) 243-5946 View (430) 243-5946
Photo of Jennifer Wilhelm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jennifer Wilhelm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78756
Welcome to my practice. I'm passionate about validating, challenging and connecting with my clients. I enjoy working with people in life transitions, perhaps you're feeling stuck and wanting to shed old patterns of behavior to use different parts of self. My clients have described me as warm but able to be direct in a safe, non judgmental atmosphere. I am intensively trained in DBT and EMDR weaving in neuroscience and attachment theories. Please note, I am in the office Monday-Friday 9-3. I do not have evening hours. I generally return new client inquiries on Friday.
Welcome to my practice. I'm passionate about validating, challenging and connecting with my clients. I enjoy working with people in life transitions, perhaps you're feeling stuck and wanting to shed old patterns of behavior to use different parts of self. My clients have described me as warm but able to be direct in a safe, non judgmental atmosphere. I am intensively trained in DBT and EMDR weaving in neuroscience and attachment theories. Please note, I am in the office Monday-Friday 9-3. I do not have evening hours. I generally return new client inquiries on Friday.
(737) 258-2507 View (737) 258-2507
Photo of Andy David, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Andy David
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Not accepting new clients
Learning why we do what we do is important, but then comes that key question of what to do with that information. My goal is to create a safe space for self-discovery, but also an active space, a brave space in which we explore new perspectives and frameworks for seeing. I specialize in relationship conflict, stagnation/burnout, depression, anxiety, religious trauma, and those who wish to work with and understand the different parts of themselves through an Internal Family Systems (IFS) perspective.
Learning why we do what we do is important, but then comes that key question of what to do with that information. My goal is to create a safe space for self-discovery, but also an active space, a brave space in which we explore new perspectives and frameworks for seeing. I specialize in relationship conflict, stagnation/burnout, depression, anxiety, religious trauma, and those who wish to work with and understand the different parts of themselves through an Internal Family Systems (IFS) perspective.
(737) 215-3986 View (737) 215-3986
Photo of Becca Bauerkemper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Becca Bauerkemper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Hi! Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed in your life? I'm here to help. Sometimes we just need someone to listen, understand, and walk alongside us on the journey to heal. If you have a desire to work on your personal growth and make changes in your life, you are in the right place. I have over 10 years of work experience in the mental health field working in non-profit long-term residential and group-home settings, outpatient, and private practice. My approach to therapeutic work is a collaborative process that focuses on building trust, empowering clients to identify their needs, use their voice, and achieve their goals.
Hi! Are you feeling stuck or overwhelmed in your life? I'm here to help. Sometimes we just need someone to listen, understand, and walk alongside us on the journey to heal. If you have a desire to work on your personal growth and make changes in your life, you are in the right place. I have over 10 years of work experience in the mental health field working in non-profit long-term residential and group-home settings, outpatient, and private practice. My approach to therapeutic work is a collaborative process that focuses on building trust, empowering clients to identify their needs, use their voice, and achieve their goals.
(512) 894-8931 View (512) 894-8931
Photo of Murray Lerner, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Murray Lerner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78752
Do you feel stifled? At an impasse in your life? Wouldn't you rather perceive dilemmas as an opportunity for growth rather than as pathologies?
Do you feel stifled? At an impasse in your life? Wouldn't you rather perceive dilemmas as an opportunity for growth rather than as pathologies?
(512) 686-5450 View (512) 686-5450
Photo of Victoria Reyna, LPC Intern in Austin, TX
Victoria Reyna
LPC Intern, MS, LPC-A, NCC, CRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78750
If you are looking for a warm, secure, and supportive space to embark on your mental health journey, I am confident that we can work together to create it. Each therapeutic relationship is unique and special, and I strive to provide you with a safe and supportive environment where we can build trust and understanding together. During our work together we will take patient steps towards examining your needs and goals while exploring feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that may be standing in the way of progress. This can be a difficult, yet rewarding journey – just know that you don't have to do it alone.
If you are looking for a warm, secure, and supportive space to embark on your mental health journey, I am confident that we can work together to create it. Each therapeutic relationship is unique and special, and I strive to provide you with a safe and supportive environment where we can build trust and understanding together. During our work together we will take patient steps towards examining your needs and goals while exploring feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that may be standing in the way of progress. This can be a difficult, yet rewarding journey – just know that you don't have to do it alone.
(512) 957-4419 View (512) 957-4419
Photo of Rachel Gunner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Rachel Gunner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704
Psychotherapy is an art and a science. The art is the use of oneself combining the intuitive sense; the naturalness in expressing comfort and caring; the ability to relate to all people; and the comfort in self-disclosure. The science is the skills and techniques we learn and the knowing what techniques will be helpful in moving clients beyond their walls towards a healthier life Please go to my website at http://www.rachelgunner.com to read my philosophy about psychotherapy, coaching and mediation.
Psychotherapy is an art and a science. The art is the use of oneself combining the intuitive sense; the naturalness in expressing comfort and caring; the ability to relate to all people; and the comfort in self-disclosure. The science is the skills and techniques we learn and the knowing what techniques will be helpful in moving clients beyond their walls towards a healthier life Please go to my website at http://www.rachelgunner.com to read my philosophy about psychotherapy, coaching and mediation.
(512) 337-4480 View (512) 337-4480
Photo of Distinguished Sex Therapist Rhiannon Beauregard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Distinguished Sex Therapist Rhiannon Beauregard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, CST-S, CPSBT, DST
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78721  (Online Only)
The sexual part of your life is not where you want it to be and you are desperate for change. You and your partner are worried that something might be wrong with you or your relationship. You don’t know where to go for help. This sexual issue is keeping you from being happy and you and/or your partner are depressed and anxious all the time. You think about this all the time. You feel like you don’t know enough about sex and you certainly don’t know how to solve this problem, even though you have tried. No one taught you how to have a healthy and positive sexual identity, so how are you supposed to know how to fix this?
The sexual part of your life is not where you want it to be and you are desperate for change. You and your partner are worried that something might be wrong with you or your relationship. You don’t know where to go for help. This sexual issue is keeping you from being happy and you and/or your partner are depressed and anxious all the time. You think about this all the time. You feel like you don’t know enough about sex and you certainly don’t know how to solve this problem, even though you have tried. No one taught you how to have a healthy and positive sexual identity, so how are you supposed to know how to fix this?
(737) 258-7952 View (737) 258-7952
Photo of Sarah Kerwin Carlin, LPC Associate in Austin, TX
Sarah Kerwin Carlin
LPC Associate, LPC A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Are you struggling with your intimate relationships? As an adult this can be relationships with a romantic partner, your family, or socially with friends. Are you seeking to re-connect with your partner? Perhaps you're a parent wanting to connect and understand your child better? Or maybe you're looking back on your childhood and wishing you could heal old wounds? As an adult, our intimate relationships can be a real pain point in our daily lives and relational issues can present themselves in various ways and situations. Whatever your unique situation is I am here to help and walk alongside you on your healing journey.
Are you struggling with your intimate relationships? As an adult this can be relationships with a romantic partner, your family, or socially with friends. Are you seeking to re-connect with your partner? Perhaps you're a parent wanting to connect and understand your child better? Or maybe you're looking back on your childhood and wishing you could heal old wounds? As an adult, our intimate relationships can be a real pain point in our daily lives and relational issues can present themselves in various ways and situations. Whatever your unique situation is I am here to help and walk alongside you on your healing journey.
(512) 883-2582 View (512) 883-2582
Photo of Jason Shestok, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Jason Shestok
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
I consider my role as psychologist as one who strives to focus on the personal strengths, abilities, and vulnerabilities of a person through empathic support and optimism for positive change. To create a safe place where immediate issues, or chronic problems and patterns, can be identified and explored. To appreciate the whole person as a means to make sense of their experiences and behaviors.
I consider my role as psychologist as one who strives to focus on the personal strengths, abilities, and vulnerabilities of a person through empathic support and optimism for positive change. To create a safe place where immediate issues, or chronic problems and patterns, can be identified and explored. To appreciate the whole person as a means to make sense of their experiences and behaviors.
(512) 998-9806 View (512) 998-9806
Photo of Deirdre S Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Deirdre S Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, CHT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Do you keep recycling the same issues in relationships? Can't seem to move forward or achieve your heart's desire in life/career? Do you long for deeper connection with others but feel blocked by heart wounds and limiting beliefs? Building a relationship with someone who truly cares and believes in your healing is an important first step. Armed with a gentle presence and a ready laugh, I strive to create an environment where clients can get excited about the process and the change it creates!
Do you keep recycling the same issues in relationships? Can't seem to move forward or achieve your heart's desire in life/career? Do you long for deeper connection with others but feel blocked by heart wounds and limiting beliefs? Building a relationship with someone who truly cares and believes in your healing is an important first step. Armed with a gentle presence and a ready laugh, I strive to create an environment where clients can get excited about the process and the change it creates!
(512) 865-6429 View (512) 865-6429
Photo of Nancy J Castleberry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Nancy J Castleberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78757
My ideal client is ready to do some personal work to get to what they most want for themselves. Within a safe, calm environment, I offer deep breathing, progressive relaxation, somatic and general mindfulness, and meditation as exercises to empower clients to decrease stress and create a sense of peace, personal satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment for themselves - to flourish.
My ideal client is ready to do some personal work to get to what they most want for themselves. Within a safe, calm environment, I offer deep breathing, progressive relaxation, somatic and general mindfulness, and meditation as exercises to empower clients to decrease stress and create a sense of peace, personal satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment for themselves - to flourish.
(512) 265-8122 View (512) 265-8122
Photo of Crystalyn Jass Kirkpatrick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Crystalyn Jass Kirkpatrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746  (Online Only)
Hi there. I’m Crystalyn and I’m a psychotherapist and counselor that specializes in Internal Family Systems therapy. I help clients bridge the gap from feelings of inadequacy, worry, burnout, frustration, and overwhelm to a place with more balance and harmony. In therapy we will work together to find the core place within yourself that holds confidence, courage, clarity, and creativity that can give you what you need to create internal change that allows you to go out into the world and make the difference you want to make without sacrificing yourself to the point of defeat.
Hi there. I’m Crystalyn and I’m a psychotherapist and counselor that specializes in Internal Family Systems therapy. I help clients bridge the gap from feelings of inadequacy, worry, burnout, frustration, and overwhelm to a place with more balance and harmony. In therapy we will work together to find the core place within yourself that holds confidence, courage, clarity, and creativity that can give you what you need to create internal change that allows you to go out into the world and make the difference you want to make without sacrificing yourself to the point of defeat.
(210) 741-8329 View (210) 741-8329
Photo of Melinda Rothouse in Austin, TX
Melinda Rothouse
MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
I am a professional creativity, leadership, and career coach, consultant, educator, and facilitator based in Austin, Texas. My areas of focus in coaching include mindfulness, creativity, organizational psychology, existential issues, spirituality, and life transitions, drawing inspiration from humanistic, existential, positive, transpersonal, and Jungian depth psychology. I help individuals and organizations tap into their innate creativity for greater insight, innovation, collaboration, and resilience. While my Ph.D. is in psychology / creativity studies, I am not a therapist or clinical psychologist, so I cannot accept insurance.
I am a professional creativity, leadership, and career coach, consultant, educator, and facilitator based in Austin, Texas. My areas of focus in coaching include mindfulness, creativity, organizational psychology, existential issues, spirituality, and life transitions, drawing inspiration from humanistic, existential, positive, transpersonal, and Jungian depth psychology. I help individuals and organizations tap into their innate creativity for greater insight, innovation, collaboration, and resilience. While my Ph.D. is in psychology / creativity studies, I am not a therapist or clinical psychologist, so I cannot accept insurance.
(512) 666-3819 View (512) 666-3819
Photo of Andriana Duran, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Austin, TX
Andriana Duran
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78723
I believe in providing a safe environment and building a strong and great relationship with all clients. Through my experience as a professional counselor, I have gained a strong understanding of anxiety, depression, PTSD, dissociation, and trauma related to mental health. Previously, I was working in a university mental health clinic, as well as for a non- profit organization that helps individuals relating to trauma and PTSD. Most of my experience has focused on working with adults ranging in age from 18-65, but I welcome all age ranges into counseling.
I believe in providing a safe environment and building a strong and great relationship with all clients. Through my experience as a professional counselor, I have gained a strong understanding of anxiety, depression, PTSD, dissociation, and trauma related to mental health. Previously, I was working in a university mental health clinic, as well as for a non- profit organization that helps individuals relating to trauma and PTSD. Most of my experience has focused on working with adults ranging in age from 18-65, but I welcome all age ranges into counseling.
(512) 640-2843 View (512) 640-2843

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.