Therapists in Dallas, TX

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Photo of Ryan A Leiker, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Ryan A Leiker
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75235
Are you struggling with a personal dilemma, feeling stuck, or unhappy with aspects of your life? I am passionate about being involved in my client's journey towards recovery and healing. I believe in developing a strong, collaborative therapeutic relationship and working diligently to meet the unique needs and goals of each client I serve. I feel it is essential for me to understand your story from your perspective. I work with clients from diverse backgrounds and with a variety of presenting concerns including relationship problems, anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, anger management, and interpersonal pain.
Are you struggling with a personal dilemma, feeling stuck, or unhappy with aspects of your life? I am passionate about being involved in my client's journey towards recovery and healing. I believe in developing a strong, collaborative therapeutic relationship and working diligently to meet the unique needs and goals of each client I serve. I feel it is essential for me to understand your story from your perspective. I work with clients from diverse backgrounds and with a variety of presenting concerns including relationship problems, anxiety, depression, adjustment issues, anger management, and interpersonal pain.
(214) 646-3934 View (214) 646-3934
Photo of Kaitlyn Dechant, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Kaitlyn Dechant
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231
Kaitlyn Dechant, PsyD, is a Licensed Psychologist. She provides psychotherapy services for a wide variety of concerns. Dr. Dechant has spent her undergraduate and graduate careers focusing on work with survivors of physical, sexual, and emotional trauma. She works with children, adolescents, and adults seeking therapy services for anxiety, depression, attachment needs, life transitions and adjustments, gender/sexual identity exploration, self exploration, relational issues, and posttraumatic stress.
Kaitlyn Dechant, PsyD, is a Licensed Psychologist. She provides psychotherapy services for a wide variety of concerns. Dr. Dechant has spent her undergraduate and graduate careers focusing on work with survivors of physical, sexual, and emotional trauma. She works with children, adolescents, and adults seeking therapy services for anxiety, depression, attachment needs, life transitions and adjustments, gender/sexual identity exploration, self exploration, relational issues, and posttraumatic stress.
(469) 966-2273 View (469) 966-2273
Photo of Amy Abbasov, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Amy Abbasov
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75243  (Online Only)
Hello, I am glad you are here! Whether you are seeking change for a healthier, happier life, or just need a non judgmental ear to listen, I am here to support and empower you. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, family conflicts, coping with grief and loss, parenting issues, social behavior, and crisis counseling. I have an open minded, compassionate approach. My counseling style really depends on the client and what best fits the situation (no one person is the same). I take an integrative approach to therapy.
Hello, I am glad you are here! Whether you are seeking change for a healthier, happier life, or just need a non judgmental ear to listen, I am here to support and empower you. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, family conflicts, coping with grief and loss, parenting issues, social behavior, and crisis counseling. I have an open minded, compassionate approach. My counseling style really depends on the client and what best fits the situation (no one person is the same). I take an integrative approach to therapy.
(806) 450-0029 View (806) 450-0029
Photo of Adam Breakey Hinshaw, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Adam Breakey Hinshaw
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75240
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I’m a licensed psychologist in Texas, providing short and long-term psychotherapy to adults and adolescents (ages 14 and up). I have worked across a variety of settings with people with presenting concerns ranging from mild to severe. Some areas of specific experience and interest are anxiety, depression and mood concerns, eating and body image concerns, uncommon experiences and thinking patterns (e.g., psychosis, hallucinations, long-standing feelings of being profoundly different than others), creativity struggles, chronic personality and/or relational problems, and recovery from trauma, abuse, and oppression.
Hello! I’m a licensed psychologist in Texas, providing short and long-term psychotherapy to adults and adolescents (ages 14 and up). I have worked across a variety of settings with people with presenting concerns ranging from mild to severe. Some areas of specific experience and interest are anxiety, depression and mood concerns, eating and body image concerns, uncommon experiences and thinking patterns (e.g., psychosis, hallucinations, long-standing feelings of being profoundly different than others), creativity struggles, chronic personality and/or relational problems, and recovery from trauma, abuse, and oppression.
(833) 229-2528 View (833) 229-2528
Photo of Stacey Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Stacey Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75205  (Online Only)
Hi! I am Stacey and I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe space for you to process the unique circumstances of your life. I believe everyone has the innate ability to change their life for the better, and I am here to help you do just that. Together, we can navigate life's obstacles and transitions to help you move toward a healthy self-understanding, self-compassion, authenticity, healing, and growth. I will nurture, challenge, and guide you to deepen a connection with yourself, others, and build the skills necessary for you to grow and thrive.
Hi! I am Stacey and I offer a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe space for you to process the unique circumstances of your life. I believe everyone has the innate ability to change their life for the better, and I am here to help you do just that. Together, we can navigate life's obstacles and transitions to help you move toward a healthy self-understanding, self-compassion, authenticity, healing, and growth. I will nurture, challenge, and guide you to deepen a connection with yourself, others, and build the skills necessary for you to grow and thrive.
(214) 380-3742 View (214) 380-3742
Photo of Sabrina Marie Janecek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Sabrina Marie Janecek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75204
My passion is working with children and families, whether that is coping with normal life transition difficulties (e.g., separation anxiety, bed wetting, behavior problems in school, etc.) or dealing with the harder stuff (e.g., attachment disorders, divorce, bullying, abuse, etc.) I facilitate play therapy with kiddos, and have a playroom with a variety of toys where children are able to use their natural language of play to express needs in a developmentally appropriate manner.
My passion is working with children and families, whether that is coping with normal life transition difficulties (e.g., separation anxiety, bed wetting, behavior problems in school, etc.) or dealing with the harder stuff (e.g., attachment disorders, divorce, bullying, abuse, etc.) I facilitate play therapy with kiddos, and have a playroom with a variety of toys where children are able to use their natural language of play to express needs in a developmentally appropriate manner.
(469) 425-2149 View (469) 425-2149
Photo of Taylor Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Taylor Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MCRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75206  (Online Only)
I’m all about fostering genuine connections with my clients. I believe a strong relationship is the foundation for authenticity and real change. My focus is on helping young adults navigate the challenges they encounter, guiding them towards self-actualization, and enhancing their sense of self and beliefs. Together, we will explore your inner world, unravel self-limiting patterns, and cultivate new perspectives that empower you to lead a more fulfilling life.
I’m all about fostering genuine connections with my clients. I believe a strong relationship is the foundation for authenticity and real change. My focus is on helping young adults navigate the challenges they encounter, guiding them towards self-actualization, and enhancing their sense of self and beliefs. Together, we will explore your inner world, unravel self-limiting patterns, and cultivate new perspectives that empower you to lead a more fulfilling life.
(214) 225-4837 View (214) 225-4837
Photo of Darrin Pfannenstiel, LPC-Associate in Dallas, TX
Darrin Pfannenstiel
LPC-Associate, JD, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75231
Imagine navigating your life with inner peace and enjoying fulfilling relationships. As an attorney-turned-therapist, I deeply understand the pressures of corporate and professional life and the toll it can take on stress levels, personal well-being, and relationships. My practice is dedicated to clients seeking balance, healing from anxiety, and improved work-life harmony. Through certified sex therapy and Gottman-based marriage counseling, I empower clients to rebuild trust and intimacy, especially after infidelity, and to develop robust strategies that foster both career success and personal happiness.
Imagine navigating your life with inner peace and enjoying fulfilling relationships. As an attorney-turned-therapist, I deeply understand the pressures of corporate and professional life and the toll it can take on stress levels, personal well-being, and relationships. My practice is dedicated to clients seeking balance, healing from anxiety, and improved work-life harmony. Through certified sex therapy and Gottman-based marriage counseling, I empower clients to rebuild trust and intimacy, especially after infidelity, and to develop robust strategies that foster both career success and personal happiness.
(469) 457-2765 View (469) 457-2765
Photo of Dr. Natalia S. David @ Mind Body Sleep, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Dr. Natalia S. David @ Mind Body Sleep
Psychologist, PsyD, DBSM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75206
Life is hard. And while we are built to be resilient, no one should have to do it alone. If you are struggling to manage and cope with depression, anxiety, stress, physical health issues/chronic disease, insomnia, and the psychological, emotional, and relational distress that often accompanies these difficulties, you are not alone. Mind Body Sleep is here to support you. We offer evidence-based, specialized, health psychology services for Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) and insomnia using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). For more information please visit my website at www.MindBodySleepTherapy.com.
Life is hard. And while we are built to be resilient, no one should have to do it alone. If you are struggling to manage and cope with depression, anxiety, stress, physical health issues/chronic disease, insomnia, and the psychological, emotional, and relational distress that often accompanies these difficulties, you are not alone. Mind Body Sleep is here to support you. We offer evidence-based, specialized, health psychology services for Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) and insomnia using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). For more information please visit my website at www.MindBodySleepTherapy.com.
(469) 663-8713 View (469) 663-8713
Photo of Dr. Jingwen Ni in Dallas, TX
Dr. Jingwen Ni
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75206  (Online Only)
Are you depressed, anxious, or stressed? Are you struggling with low self-esteem, relationship issues, or procrastination? Do you feel your past experience is holding you back from having a better life? Or perhaps you are just simply not happy with your current life but don't know how to change it? Whatever the case, you've come to the right place. You will be treated as one-of-a-kind with your unique disposition and life experiences. You will be heard and understood wholly, even for those that bring the greatest shame. Last but not least, you will be challenged and pushed to strive for the best version of yourself.
Are you depressed, anxious, or stressed? Are you struggling with low self-esteem, relationship issues, or procrastination? Do you feel your past experience is holding you back from having a better life? Or perhaps you are just simply not happy with your current life but don't know how to change it? Whatever the case, you've come to the right place. You will be treated as one-of-a-kind with your unique disposition and life experiences. You will be heard and understood wholly, even for those that bring the greatest shame. Last but not least, you will be challenged and pushed to strive for the best version of yourself.
(817) 646-3845 View (817) 646-3845
Photo of JoAngeli Kasper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
JoAngeli Kasper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75202  (Online Only)
I am a first-generation, Latinx, Mexican American female. As someone who has struggled, fought, and overcome, I consider it a privilege to assist others in finding their way through their journey. I am a dancer, an artist, a creator, a mother, a wife, a survivor, a counselor, and a Ph.D. student in marriage and family therapy- aspects that assist me in the creative connection that I believe therapy to be. Counseling is an art form in that a person is given permission to gain access to what is most personal, private, and possibly broken within.
I am a first-generation, Latinx, Mexican American female. As someone who has struggled, fought, and overcome, I consider it a privilege to assist others in finding their way through their journey. I am a dancer, an artist, a creator, a mother, a wife, a survivor, a counselor, and a Ph.D. student in marriage and family therapy- aspects that assist me in the creative connection that I believe therapy to be. Counseling is an art form in that a person is given permission to gain access to what is most personal, private, and possibly broken within.
(214) 617-1764 View (214) 617-1764
Photo of Angela Prior, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Angela Prior
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75218
Hi! I'm Angela. You are ready to dig deep and face all the avoidance in your life and feel those damn feels so you can embody your life without disordered eating, over working, or panic attacks? Do you want to feel at home in your body? Are you tired and burned out of the energy it takes to hate your body and obsess about food? Are you want to experience the magic of yoga and meditation to help you with just "being."? Are you desiring a life with boundaries around work so you can continue to explore your passion? If you answered yes to any of these I know I can help.
Hi! I'm Angela. You are ready to dig deep and face all the avoidance in your life and feel those damn feels so you can embody your life without disordered eating, over working, or panic attacks? Do you want to feel at home in your body? Are you tired and burned out of the energy it takes to hate your body and obsess about food? Are you want to experience the magic of yoga and meditation to help you with just "being."? Are you desiring a life with boundaries around work so you can continue to explore your passion? If you answered yes to any of these I know I can help.
(214) 225-7257 View (214) 225-7257
Photo of Jeavoni Rose Alejandre, Psychologist in Dallas, TX
Jeavoni Rose Alejandre
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75225  (Online Only)
It’s hard to get started and find someone you trust, someone you want to work with, who feels like a good fit. I’m guessing you’ve found yourself here because you're in pain, and there’s a part of you that thinks therapy could help. Maybe your life has become difficult to keep up with, you feel numb or totally overwhelmed. Maybe your thoughts race and you can't control them like you used to, or maybe you are struggling with relationships. While it's hard to get started, and you're likely hesitant or nervous about the prospect of opening up, you may be here because a part of you is ready.
It’s hard to get started and find someone you trust, someone you want to work with, who feels like a good fit. I’m guessing you’ve found yourself here because you're in pain, and there’s a part of you that thinks therapy could help. Maybe your life has become difficult to keep up with, you feel numb or totally overwhelmed. Maybe your thoughts race and you can't control them like you used to, or maybe you are struggling with relationships. While it's hard to get started, and you're likely hesitant or nervous about the prospect of opening up, you may be here because a part of you is ready.
(214) 239-0197 View (214) 239-0197
Photo of Tetonalli Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Tetonalli Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75212  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Cynthia Dominguez, and I am a first-generation, bilingual, Mexican American. I am an LPC and received my Master of Science in Clinical Counseling from Bellevue University. My experiences lead me to become a counselor to support and help people of all ages in navigating their own mental health/life journey.
Hello, my name is Cynthia Dominguez, and I am a first-generation, bilingual, Mexican American. I am an LPC and received my Master of Science in Clinical Counseling from Bellevue University. My experiences lead me to become a counselor to support and help people of all ages in navigating their own mental health/life journey.
(469) 746-4799 View (469) 746-4799
Photo of Sonya Ann Martinez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Sonya Ann Martinez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75248  (Online Only)
With over 14 years in adult and family mental health clients, I have extensive experience in the practice of caring for others in a professional capacity. I have worked with both individuals and families in the school and clinic/private practice setting. I am available evenings and weekends.
With over 14 years in adult and family mental health clients, I have extensive experience in the practice of caring for others in a professional capacity. I have worked with both individuals and families in the school and clinic/private practice setting. I am available evenings and weekends.
(469) 436-6157 View (469) 436-6157
Photo of Kim Baggett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dallas, TX
Kim Baggett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75254  (Online Only)
Hello, I am happy you are here and seeking guidance on this life journey. My goal is to support you with needs and obstacles while providing you coping skills to help manage your current life stressors.
Hello, I am happy you are here and seeking guidance on this life journey. My goal is to support you with needs and obstacles while providing you coping skills to help manage your current life stressors.
(469) 489-5503 View (469) 489-5503
Photo of Trisha Cavins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Trisha Cavins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75240
"RAISING A TEENAGER IS LIKE NAILING JELLO TO A TREE".Don't you wish there was a handbook on raising your child/teen? Help is here!! I have worked with children, teens and adults since1991, providing individual and family therapy,coping skills, parenting education, and crisis intervention. I specialize in: anxiety, depression,stress management,self esteem, peer pressures, defiance,resistance, anger management,ADHD, grief, and the stress of private schooling.My experience includes:working in an inpatient psychiatric hospital, runaway shelter; teen pregnancy home, agencies, in-school therapy and running a day treatment facility
"RAISING A TEENAGER IS LIKE NAILING JELLO TO A TREE".Don't you wish there was a handbook on raising your child/teen? Help is here!! I have worked with children, teens and adults since1991, providing individual and family therapy,coping skills, parenting education, and crisis intervention. I specialize in: anxiety, depression,stress management,self esteem, peer pressures, defiance,resistance, anger management,ADHD, grief, and the stress of private schooling.My experience includes:working in an inpatient psychiatric hospital, runaway shelter; teen pregnancy home, agencies, in-school therapy and running a day treatment facility
(214) 901-7180 View (214) 901-7180
Photo of Lacy Nicole Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Dallas, TX
Lacy Nicole Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75231
While working with couples and families, I often see this pattern of listening to respond or proclaiming an assumption before truly hearing their loved one. It’s an unfortunate habit that can create insecurity, fear, anxiety, and distrust in relationships. Sometimes, slowing down and paying closer attention to the pattern of communication will help us catch these fears, concerns, insecurities or misunderstandings. Perhaps you’re feeling tired, frustrated, judged, or worst of all, alone.
While working with couples and families, I often see this pattern of listening to respond or proclaiming an assumption before truly hearing their loved one. It’s an unfortunate habit that can create insecurity, fear, anxiety, and distrust in relationships. Sometimes, slowing down and paying closer attention to the pattern of communication will help us catch these fears, concerns, insecurities or misunderstandings. Perhaps you’re feeling tired, frustrated, judged, or worst of all, alone.
(469) 382-5940 View (469) 382-5940
Photo of Jeff Courtman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Jeff Courtman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Dallas, TX 75230
Not accepting new clients
Something is bothering you. Maybe it has always been there, or maybe it just reared its ugly head. Whatever the case – a hurt, a wound, a trauma - it leaves you feeling disoriented, unsure of which way is your true north. You’ve told yourself countless times, or heard well-meaning friends and relatives say, “Just get over it!” Yet, try as you might, those words are a dead end. Every step seems to take you further away from the things that matter most: your relationships, your passions, and worst of all, your sense of self.
Something is bothering you. Maybe it has always been there, or maybe it just reared its ugly head. Whatever the case – a hurt, a wound, a trauma - it leaves you feeling disoriented, unsure of which way is your true north. You’ve told yourself countless times, or heard well-meaning friends and relatives say, “Just get over it!” Yet, try as you might, those words are a dead end. Every step seems to take you further away from the things that matter most: your relationships, your passions, and worst of all, your sense of self.
(469) 949-2431 View (469) 949-2431
Photo of Marci Orr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Dallas, TX
Marci Orr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Dallas, TX 75247
Are you feeling stuck? Do you want to Heal, Grow, or Transform your life? Are you ready to create a life that you no longer want to escape from?
Are you feeling stuck? Do you want to Heal, Grow, or Transform your life? Are you ready to create a life that you no longer want to escape from?
(214) 989-4459 View (214) 989-4459

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Dallas, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Dallas, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Dallas, TX see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Dallas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.