Therapists in Johnson City, TN

Photo of Summer Ahmed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Summer Ahmed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Waking up each day with constant depression, anxiety, and stress is a common experience for many. Despite what others say, you know these feelings are more than just in your head. Your body communicates these emotions through heart palpitations, migraines, and fatigue. Life feels challenging, and if you're a parent, you're worried about your child's well-being, self-esteem, and self-identity. In this therapeutic space, your needs and goals are the focus. Whether it's finding solace or helping your child, your journey is about healing, understanding, and lasting change. I'm here to assist you on your journey toward your potential.
Waking up each day with constant depression, anxiety, and stress is a common experience for many. Despite what others say, you know these feelings are more than just in your head. Your body communicates these emotions through heart palpitations, migraines, and fatigue. Life feels challenging, and if you're a parent, you're worried about your child's well-being, self-esteem, and self-identity. In this therapeutic space, your needs and goals are the focus. Whether it's finding solace or helping your child, your journey is about healing, understanding, and lasting change. I'm here to assist you on your journey toward your potential.
(423) 537-6521 View (423) 537-6521
Photo of Amber Anzalone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Amber Anzalone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
(423) 799-1335 View (423) 799-1335
Photo of Lyndsey Jolley ⬝ Specialized Biblical Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Lyndsey Jolley ⬝ Specialized Biblical Counselor
MPC, MEd
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
ATTN Christian Women age 35+ in the marketplace or in ministry, caring for children, or retired. Do you feel overwhelmed or stuck? I serve clients online internationally and in-person locally. I am a Specialized Gospel-Centered Counselor and Coach with a focus on spiritual, emotional, and relational health — through life-giving connection with Christ and gospel-centered transformation. If you are need of clarity, peace, wisdom or healing, you are in the right place. My practice is based on the 13 years of personal RESULTS-BASED research. I am here to help you walk into real-life FREEDOM, healing, and victory in Christ.
ATTN Christian Women age 35+ in the marketplace or in ministry, caring for children, or retired. Do you feel overwhelmed or stuck? I serve clients online internationally and in-person locally. I am a Specialized Gospel-Centered Counselor and Coach with a focus on spiritual, emotional, and relational health — through life-giving connection with Christ and gospel-centered transformation. If you are need of clarity, peace, wisdom or healing, you are in the right place. My practice is based on the 13 years of personal RESULTS-BASED research. I am here to help you walk into real-life FREEDOM, healing, and victory in Christ.
(423) 301-5506 View (423) 301-5506
Photo of David Sapp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
David Sapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LSPE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
David Sapp is Licensed in the State of Tennessee as a Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Senior Psychological Examiner (LSPE). David relocated to Tennessee after growing up in New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology from Milligan University and his Masters of Education in Counseling from East Tennessee State University. He has worked for 35 years as a Professional Counselor in East Tennessee in a variety of settings including outpatient counseling as well as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and jails. In addition, David has been an adjunct instructor at Milligan University.
David Sapp is Licensed in the State of Tennessee as a Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Senior Psychological Examiner (LSPE). David relocated to Tennessee after growing up in New York. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology from Milligan University and his Masters of Education in Counseling from East Tennessee State University. He has worked for 35 years as a Professional Counselor in East Tennessee in a variety of settings including outpatient counseling as well as schools, nursing homes, hospitals, and jails. In addition, David has been an adjunct instructor at Milligan University.
(423) 556-3788 View (423) 556-3788
Photo of SpringWell Group, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
SpringWell Group
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
Welcome to SpringWell Group! My name is Dr. Martinez & I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist offering comprehensive psychological testing, including Court-related evaluations. I also provide relational-focused therapy from a trauma-informed & attachment-based foundation that views secure relationship & interpersonal connection as central to healing and growth. I believe people have an innate need to be seen & are capable of remarkable growth, & that with caring support they can flourish in even the most difficult times. Services at client preferred location available for high privacy.
(423) 441-4279 View (423) 441-4279
Photo of Neil Stoltzfus, LPC Intern in Johnson City, TN
Neil Stoltzfus
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37615
Everyone has a unique mental health journey. My main goal is to meet you where you are at on your journey and help you work toward your goals for growth and well-being. By establishing a safe, welcoming environment, and forming a solid therapeutic connection, I hope to provide a context where you can explore your experiences in life, your questions about life, and the changes you want to implement without fear of judgment.
Everyone has a unique mental health journey. My main goal is to meet you where you are at on your journey and help you work toward your goals for growth and well-being. By establishing a safe, welcoming environment, and forming a solid therapeutic connection, I hope to provide a context where you can explore your experiences in life, your questions about life, and the changes you want to implement without fear of judgment.
(865) 205-0456 View (865) 205-0456
Photo of Angelia Bradley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Angelia Bradley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-, MHSP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
I believe that everyone can discover and be their "best self"! We all may just need a little help sometime getting to that point. We cannot go back and change the past....but can only start from today, where we are right now, and create our best future! We will work together in discovering the obstacles that are in your path and create a plan to get you on the right path.
I believe that everyone can discover and be their "best self"! We all may just need a little help sometime getting to that point. We cannot go back and change the past....but can only start from today, where we are right now, and create our best future! We will work together in discovering the obstacles that are in your path and create a plan to get you on the right path.
(423) 301-5635 View (423) 301-5635
Photo of Life Connections Counseling Services in Johnson City, TN
Life Connections Counseling Services
LPC, LBA, BCBA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
At Life Connections Counseling, our unique perspectives of multiple therapeutic techniques create an inviting environment to address some of the most delicate topics. We are a multi-specialty group of providers that specialize in all walks of life. From small children (2 years and older), adolescents, families, marriage, and the senior population. Each Counselor has extensive experience working with the challenges that each stage of life presents. Please take a look at “Services” for contact information regarding our Team and to learn more about their areas of expertise. We also offer Multiple Support Groups.
At Life Connections Counseling, our unique perspectives of multiple therapeutic techniques create an inviting environment to address some of the most delicate topics. We are a multi-specialty group of providers that specialize in all walks of life. From small children (2 years and older), adolescents, families, marriage, and the senior population. Each Counselor has extensive experience working with the challenges that each stage of life presents. Please take a look at “Services” for contact information regarding our Team and to learn more about their areas of expertise. We also offer Multiple Support Groups.
(423) 454-2669 View (423) 454-2669
Photo of Amy McLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Amy McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Waitlist for new clients
Is the past influencing your present life? I have discovered that so many of us have a hard time living in the present because of things from our past... or we struggle because we don't believe we are "good enough." I have been practicing for 13 years. I am trained in EMDR and believe everyone can grow, heal, and live fulfilling lives. My greatest joy is seeing my clients redefine who they are according to their values...Being able to be authentic. No longer confined to the pressures, ideals and expectations of others or shackled to the past.
Is the past influencing your present life? I have discovered that so many of us have a hard time living in the present because of things from our past... or we struggle because we don't believe we are "good enough." I have been practicing for 13 years. I am trained in EMDR and believe everyone can grow, heal, and live fulfilling lives. My greatest joy is seeing my clients redefine who they are according to their values...Being able to be authentic. No longer confined to the pressures, ideals and expectations of others or shackled to the past.
(423) 456-9008 View (423) 456-9008
Photo of Erika Fugere, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Erika Fugere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
Hey there. Experiencing stress and anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of everyday life? Let's talk about it! I enjoy helping with parenting skills so you can escape the vicious cycle of yelling and the guilt that follows. Is being a parent impacting your relationships? Understandable if so! I enjoy teaching effective ways to communicate to build healthy relationships within families. I also have a passion for working with those who struggle with financial stress and helping individuals build a healthier relationship with money. My goal is to create a safe space for you to work through your struggles free of judgement.
(423) 594-8102 View (423) 594-8102
Photo of Laura Maxwell, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Johnson City, TN
Laura Maxwell
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LPC/MHS
Not Verified Not Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
(423) 481-9124 View (423) 481-9124
Photo of Clarissa Bradley Day, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Clarissa Bradley Day
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
You may be facing a range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a general feeling of being stuck or unfulfilled. You have the courage to seek support, knowing that change is possible and that you deserve a life filled with joy, purpose, and meaning. Your needs are multifaceted, encompassing emotional support, a compassionate listener, and a skilled guide to help you navigate the complexities of your experiences. Together, we will create a therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy, and collaboration, enabling you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a non-judgmental environment.
You may be facing a range of issues, such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a general feeling of being stuck or unfulfilled. You have the courage to seek support, knowing that change is possible and that you deserve a life filled with joy, purpose, and meaning. Your needs are multifaceted, encompassing emotional support, a compassionate listener, and a skilled guide to help you navigate the complexities of your experiences. Together, we will create a therapeutic relationship built on trust, empathy, and collaboration, enabling you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and beliefs in a non-judgmental environment.
(423) 799-2636 View (423) 799-2636
Photo of Sarah McCray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Sarah McCray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Sarah graduated from East Tennessee State University with her Bachelor's degree in Social Work and her Master's degree in Social Work. She specializes in work with adolescents, emerging adults, and the adult population. Sarah is trained as a Brainspotting Practitioner. She places a large emphasis on building trust and rapport with her clients. Sarah is a firm believer in meeting her clients where they are in the present moment. Sarah sees her clients as the unique, multidimensional individuals that they are. She uses the Person-In-Environment perspective with her clients.
Sarah graduated from East Tennessee State University with her Bachelor's degree in Social Work and her Master's degree in Social Work. She specializes in work with adolescents, emerging adults, and the adult population. Sarah is trained as a Brainspotting Practitioner. She places a large emphasis on building trust and rapport with her clients. Sarah is a firm believer in meeting her clients where they are in the present moment. Sarah sees her clients as the unique, multidimensional individuals that they are. She uses the Person-In-Environment perspective with her clients.
(423) 556-3032 View (423) 556-3032
Photo of Matthew Wineman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Matthew Wineman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Let's be honest: the world is weird, and sometimes it's tough out there. Maybe you've had some big changes in your life lately, and you're feeling confused or even lost trying to navigate your rapidly evolving social environment. You want clarity, direction, and some solid tools to cut through the fog and build a path to the future you want.
Let's be honest: the world is weird, and sometimes it's tough out there. Maybe you've had some big changes in your life lately, and you're feeling confused or even lost trying to navigate your rapidly evolving social environment. You want clarity, direction, and some solid tools to cut through the fog and build a path to the future you want.
(423) 205-0994 View (423) 205-0994
Photo of Stacey Shine, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Stacey Shine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37615  (Online Only)
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
I enjoying working with clients who are ready to get back to their optimal level of functioning. We all get in ruts and go through hard times. My goal is to help my clients figure out how to gain skills to get past what they are going through currently and be able to tackle any issues in the future as well.
(423) 205-7099 View (423) 205-7099
Photo of Linda Steele, Marriage & Family Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Linda Steele
Marriage & Family Therapist, MLS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
(423) 438-1749 View (423) 438-1749
Photo of Christine Steadman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Johnson City, TN
Christine Steadman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Not accepting new clients
I'm committed to empowering adults struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns, and trauma. Understanding the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I seek to understand clients' needs, concerns, goals, and history. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate techniques and exercises that address issues of the mind as well as trauma the body can hold. While sessions are tailored to the needs of each client, treatment focuses on addressing the individual holistically. I use various therapeutic styles that include Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, existential, and somatic.
I'm committed to empowering adults struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship concerns, and trauma. Understanding the importance of the therapeutic relationship, I seek to understand clients' needs, concerns, goals, and history. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate techniques and exercises that address issues of the mind as well as trauma the body can hold. While sessions are tailored to the needs of each client, treatment focuses on addressing the individual holistically. I use various therapeutic styles that include Gestalt, cognitive behavioral, existential, and somatic.
(423) 205-7260 View (423) 205-7260
Photo of Christina Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Johnson City, TN
Christina Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Christina V Smith is a Nationally Certified Counselor and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. Christina has worked in the community health field and in foster care, after an extensive career as a licensed financial planner and an educator. Christina uses a blended approach to walk with you on a journey toward exploring self-knowledge and understanding. Her approach leans on incorporating mindfulness, attachment repair and trauma processing modalities, as well as dialectical behavioral therapy principles. Christina was born in rural South Africa but the United States has been home for more than 20 years.
Christina V Smith is a Nationally Certified Counselor and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee. Christina has worked in the community health field and in foster care, after an extensive career as a licensed financial planner and an educator. Christina uses a blended approach to walk with you on a journey toward exploring self-knowledge and understanding. Her approach leans on incorporating mindfulness, attachment repair and trauma processing modalities, as well as dialectical behavioral therapy principles. Christina was born in rural South Africa but the United States has been home for more than 20 years.
(423) 456-9173 View (423) 456-9173
Photo of Katherine Barteck, Psychologist in Johnson City, TN
Katherine Barteck
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
I provide individual therapy, to adolescents and adults, as well as couples and family therapy. I believe that the focus of therapy is the achievement of insight and both intra- and inter-personal growth. This means different things to different people and families, so I actively involve you in the direction of your therapy and will check in often to make sure that your needs are being met. I trained as a generalist and pull from a variety of therapeutic approaches, including interpersonal process, insight-oriented, and cognitive-behavioral.
I provide individual therapy, to adolescents and adults, as well as couples and family therapy. I believe that the focus of therapy is the achievement of insight and both intra- and inter-personal growth. This means different things to different people and families, so I actively involve you in the direction of your therapy and will check in often to make sure that your needs are being met. I trained as a generalist and pull from a variety of therapeutic approaches, including interpersonal process, insight-oriented, and cognitive-behavioral.
(423) 930-9338 View (423) 930-9338
Photo of Kay Collake, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Johnson City, TN
Kay Collake
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Do you find yourself overwhelmed with the competing priorities of daily life? Stuck in unhealthy patterns such as overuse of alcohol, procrastination, or emotional eating? Are your days spent battling perfectionism and negative self-talk? Would you like to be more active socially but struggle with anxiety or feelings of low self-worth? Hi. I’m Kay. Congratulations on taking the first step toward living your best life! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy, assessment, and referral services to adults, children, and families.
Do you find yourself overwhelmed with the competing priorities of daily life? Stuck in unhealthy patterns such as overuse of alcohol, procrastination, or emotional eating? Are your days spent battling perfectionism and negative self-talk? Would you like to be more active socially but struggle with anxiety or feelings of low self-worth? Hi. I’m Kay. Congratulations on taking the first step toward living your best life! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy, assessment, and referral services to adults, children, and families.
(615) 392-6827 View (615) 392-6827

See more therapy options for Johnson City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnson City, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Johnson City, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Cigna and Evernorth
76% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Johnson City, TN see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnson City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.