Therapists in 99775

Photo of Dr. Richard Trammel - Level 3 Sports Psychology - Dr. Richard Trammel, EdD, MS, PGA
Sports Psychology Expert, Dr. Richard Trammel. I work with athletes who have the desire to take their game to the next level. My typical client performs great in practice, but can't replicate the same performance in competition. My primary focus is building confidence & eliminating Performance Anxiety using a toolbox approach they can implement from DAY 1. I have worked in the following sports: PGA Golf, USTA, NFL, USA Hockey, Basketball, MLB, Fast Pitch Softball, Cheer, Gymnastics, NCAA Sports, Equestrian, Soccer, Boxing/MMA, Volleyball, Track/Field, Lacrosse, Bowling, Pool, E-Sports, Symphony Orchestra, Business Analytics, Stage.
Sports Psychology Expert, Dr. Richard Trammel. I work with athletes who have the desire to take their game to the next level. My typical client performs great in practice, but can't replicate the same performance in competition. My primary focus is building confidence & eliminating Performance Anxiety using a toolbox approach they can implement from DAY 1. I have worked in the following sports: PGA Golf, USTA, NFL, USA Hockey, Basketball, MLB, Fast Pitch Softball, Cheer, Gymnastics, NCAA Sports, Equestrian, Soccer, Boxing/MMA, Volleyball, Track/Field, Lacrosse, Bowling, Pool, E-Sports, Symphony Orchestra, Business Analytics, Stage.
(866) 335-9695 View (866) 335-9695
Photo of Vanessa Salmon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Vanessa Salmon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a holistic psychotherapist trained under Dr. Gabor Maté, I center curiosity, the wisdom and guidance of your body, and safe, relational attunement as the most crucial elements in healing. Together, we'll deepen awareness of who you are, what you desire, and gently explore beliefs, patterns and adaptations that may no longer serve you. These adaptive mechanisms, developed to cope with our experiences and environment, are not who we are. The pain they cause can be transformed as we shed light on them, allowing us to heal and to become fully present, releasing fear and shame and restoring connection and your capacity to flourish.
As a holistic psychotherapist trained under Dr. Gabor Maté, I center curiosity, the wisdom and guidance of your body, and safe, relational attunement as the most crucial elements in healing. Together, we'll deepen awareness of who you are, what you desire, and gently explore beliefs, patterns and adaptations that may no longer serve you. These adaptive mechanisms, developed to cope with our experiences and environment, are not who we are. The pain they cause can be transformed as we shed light on them, allowing us to heal and to become fully present, releasing fear and shame and restoring connection and your capacity to flourish.
(833) 828-5972 View (833) 828-5972
Photo of Bryn Fluharty, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bryn Fluharty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I work with clients who have experienced trauma and stress throughout life and are struggling to live the life that they want. Through reprocessing and skills we get to start rebuilding the parts of life that are a struggle to get to the life that they want. I believe in the power of the individual and am honored to be part of the healing journey.
I work with clients who have experienced trauma and stress throughout life and are struggling to live the life that they want. Through reprocessing and skills we get to start rebuilding the parts of life that are a struggle to get to the life that they want. I believe in the power of the individual and am honored to be part of the healing journey.
(833) 907-3852 View (833) 907-3852
Photo of Mark Ronald Sabo, Clinical Professional Counselor, MA,LPC
Mark Ronald Sabo
Clinical Professional Counselor, MA,LPC
Online Only
Life can be challenging and sometimes seemingly unfair. We are all individuals in a world of individuals and sometimes we feel lost or unseen. I know what that feels like and would like to help you navigate your life using collaboration to find tools that already work for you or discover new tools to navigate the complexity of life.
Life can be challenging and sometimes seemingly unfair. We are all individuals in a world of individuals and sometimes we feel lost or unseen. I know what that feels like and would like to help you navigate your life using collaboration to find tools that already work for you or discover new tools to navigate the complexity of life.
(775) 254-8800 View (775) 254-8800

More Therapists Nearby

Janet E McDermott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Fairbanks, AK 99701
As a licensed therapist, I am committed to providing a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe environment for individuals who are seeking support and guidance. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and understanding, with a focus on helping clients explore and resolve the challenges they face in their lives.
As a licensed therapist, I am committed to providing a compassionate, non-judgmental, and safe environment for individuals who are seeking support and guidance. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and understanding, with a focus on helping clients explore and resolve the challenges they face in their lives.
(866) 476-8411 View (866) 476-8411
Photo of Laura Volmert, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Laura Volmert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Fairbanks, AK 99701
I enjoy working with both adults and adolescents in a way that assists them in gaining greater self-understanding and compassion. Ultimately, I hope to help each client find a path to a more genuine and integrated way of being with others. I bring curiosity and a fresh look to each client, addressing them where they are in the moment. I see psychotherapy as a collaborative effort between therapist and client, and encourage feedback about our direction and progress.
I enjoy working with both adults and adolescents in a way that assists them in gaining greater self-understanding and compassion. Ultimately, I hope to help each client find a path to a more genuine and integrated way of being with others. I bring curiosity and a fresh look to each client, addressing them where they are in the moment. I see psychotherapy as a collaborative effort between therapist and client, and encourage feedback about our direction and progress.
(844) 680-7035 View (844) 680-7035
Photo of Sara Wood - Aurora Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , LCSW
Aurora Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , LCSW
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Now Accepting New Clients at Aurora Counseling! Discover a place where healing, growth, and connection begin. Our team of 12 compassionate, trauma-informed counselors provides personalized care for adults, teens, children, and couples—helping you navigate life’s challenges with understanding and hope. Whether you prefer in-person sessions in Fairbanks or telehealth anywhere in Alaska, Aurora Counseling offers a safe, welcoming space to strengthen your mental and emotional well-being. At Aurora Counseling, we believe in making a difference—one heart, one mind, one relationship at a time. Start your journey toward healing today.
Now Accepting New Clients at Aurora Counseling! Discover a place where healing, growth, and connection begin. Our team of 12 compassionate, trauma-informed counselors provides personalized care for adults, teens, children, and couples—helping you navigate life’s challenges with understanding and hope. Whether you prefer in-person sessions in Fairbanks or telehealth anywhere in Alaska, Aurora Counseling offers a safe, welcoming space to strengthen your mental and emotional well-being. At Aurora Counseling, we believe in making a difference—one heart, one mind, one relationship at a time. Start your journey toward healing today.
(907) 799-7500 View (907) 799-7500
Photo of Craig Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CDCS, MAC
Craig Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CDCS, MAC
Serves Area
It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, especially if you have a belief that you ought to be able to handle things on your own. Yet none of us is sufficient unto ourselves. We don't fill our own cavities or do our own surgery. Even those in great physical shape often have coaches or trainers, but no one thinks of them as being "weak" for this assistance. Mental health care is no different. We can all reach a point where help is needed to keep moving forward.
It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, especially if you have a belief that you ought to be able to handle things on your own. Yet none of us is sufficient unto ourselves. We don't fill our own cavities or do our own surgery. Even those in great physical shape often have coaches or trainers, but no one thinks of them as being "weak" for this assistance. Mental health care is no different. We can all reach a point where help is needed to keep moving forward.
(877) 691-6107 View (877) 691-6107
Photo of Christina M Ireton - Mama Bear Clinical Services, LLC., Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mama Bear Clinical Services, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fairbanks, AK 99709
You’re the one everyone relies on. Capable. Responsible. High-achieving. And quietly exhausted. Maybe you’re pregnant or postpartum and wondering why this doesn’t feel the way you expected. Maybe you love your family but miss yourself. Maybe ADHD, anxiety, burnout, or perfectionism are making it hard to keep up the pace you’ve always maintained. On the outside, you’re functioning. On the inside, you’re overwhelmed and hard on yourself.
You’re the one everyone relies on. Capable. Responsible. High-achieving. And quietly exhausted. Maybe you’re pregnant or postpartum and wondering why this doesn’t feel the way you expected. Maybe you love your family but miss yourself. Maybe ADHD, anxiety, burnout, or perfectionism are making it hard to keep up the pace you’ve always maintained. On the outside, you’re functioning. On the inside, you’re overwhelmed and hard on yourself.
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Photo of Dr. Yvette Curtis - Anxiety & Trauma Recovery - Dr Yvette Curtis, PsyD, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, MAC
Anxiety & Trauma Recovery - Dr Yvette Curtis, PsyD
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, MAC
Fairbanks, AK 99709
Struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or stress? What if healing took days, not years? You're tired but can't sleep. Overwhelmed but can't slow down. You show up for everyone else while quietly falling apart inside. You've tried pushing through, maybe even tried therapy; but something beneath the surface keeps pulling you back. You don't need more coping skills. You need it gone. EMDR Intensive Therapy compresses months of healing into consecutive focused days. In person in Fairbanks, telehealth throughout Alaska, or as a destination client from anywhere nationwide. Real results. Days, not years. You deserve to finally heal.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or stress? What if healing took days, not years? You're tired but can't sleep. Overwhelmed but can't slow down. You show up for everyone else while quietly falling apart inside. You've tried pushing through, maybe even tried therapy; but something beneath the surface keeps pulling you back. You don't need more coping skills. You need it gone. EMDR Intensive Therapy compresses months of healing into consecutive focused days. In person in Fairbanks, telehealth throughout Alaska, or as a destination client from anywhere nationwide. Real results. Days, not years. You deserve to finally heal.
(844) 906-3597 View (844) 906-3597
Photo of Kjersti E Bowen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kjersti E Bowen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Today's world presents numerous challenges, worsened by dysfunction in our societal systems like healthcare and education. This heightens stress, anxiety and depression, and many people carry the weight of trauma. These impact our emotional and physical capacities and wellbeing. Yet, we possess a remarkable capacity for healing and personal growth, often in the context of a therapeutic relationship that offers connection, safety and understanding. Examining relationships and values, and recognizing the challenges and capacity for healing each of us possess fosters hope and reveals the potential for renewed purpose.
Today's world presents numerous challenges, worsened by dysfunction in our societal systems like healthcare and education. This heightens stress, anxiety and depression, and many people carry the weight of trauma. These impact our emotional and physical capacities and wellbeing. Yet, we possess a remarkable capacity for healing and personal growth, often in the context of a therapeutic relationship that offers connection, safety and understanding. Examining relationships and values, and recognizing the challenges and capacity for healing each of us possess fosters hope and reveals the potential for renewed purpose.
(833) 418-1579 View (833) 418-1579
Photo of Paul Gaines - Luma Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LPC-S
Luma Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LPC-S
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Greetings! I specialize in Trauma-Informed Care for, First Responders, Veterans, and Healthcare Workers. I also provide Clinical Supervision for LICSW and LPC eligible providers. I define courage as, "being afraid, but moving forward, anyway." I've learned that some of the most courageous people I've known are those who seek therapy. It's not easy to share one's fears and insecurities with a stranger. Therapy is not a crutch, but a service that helps someone to develop and employ the skills they need to meet or exceed your outcome expectations. I'm here to help you meet and exceed your expectations.
Greetings! I specialize in Trauma-Informed Care for, First Responders, Veterans, and Healthcare Workers. I also provide Clinical Supervision for LICSW and LPC eligible providers. I define courage as, "being afraid, but moving forward, anyway." I've learned that some of the most courageous people I've known are those who seek therapy. It's not easy to share one's fears and insecurities with a stranger. Therapy is not a crutch, but a service that helps someone to develop and employ the skills they need to meet or exceed your outcome expectations. I'm here to help you meet and exceed your expectations.
(907) 891-8753 View (907) 891-8753
Photo of Leslie Fails, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, M Div
Leslie Fails
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW, M Div
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Maybe things have "always been this way," but that doesn't mean they have to stay this way. I believe you already have the resources within you to change and grow, live authentically, and find your voice. My role is to hold up a mirror, to support you in finding clarity. I work with teens, adults, and couples navigating anxiety, relationship strain, and big life transitions. Many of my clients are parents struggling to support youth and young adults who feel anxious or hesitant to step into independence. If you're looking to overcome barriers to deeper connection or to restore calm in your home, I'd be honored to work with you.
Maybe things have "always been this way," but that doesn't mean they have to stay this way. I believe you already have the resources within you to change and grow, live authentically, and find your voice. My role is to hold up a mirror, to support you in finding clarity. I work with teens, adults, and couples navigating anxiety, relationship strain, and big life transitions. Many of my clients are parents struggling to support youth and young adults who feel anxious or hesitant to step into independence. If you're looking to overcome barriers to deeper connection or to restore calm in your home, I'd be honored to work with you.
(866) 968-9962 View (866) 968-9962
Photo of Randy Lewis - Randy Lewis LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Randy Lewis LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Many of us encounter struggles in our lives and react in ways that are not necessarily effective or in our best interest. In those stressful situations, it is not uncommon to have thoughts, harbor feelings or act in ways that damage relationships, work, or other areas of our lives. When people need to repair those damages or make personal changes, counseling can help. I provide counseling for individuals and families, youth, adults and couples with Cognitive/Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The cognitive component of therapy addresses the way thoughts can be automatic and self-defeating.
Many of us encounter struggles in our lives and react in ways that are not necessarily effective or in our best interest. In those stressful situations, it is not uncommon to have thoughts, harbor feelings or act in ways that damage relationships, work, or other areas of our lives. When people need to repair those damages or make personal changes, counseling can help. I provide counseling for individuals and families, youth, adults and couples with Cognitive/Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The cognitive component of therapy addresses the way thoughts can be automatic and self-defeating.
(907) 891-8218 View (907) 891-8218
Photo of Eric J Wolf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MSEd
Eric J Wolf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MSEd
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Therapy doesn’t have to feel like hard work. Real healing often begins in the simple moments — a shared story, a spark of humor, a sense of being fully seen. I don’t believe you’re broken. I believe you’ve lived through a world that didn’t always know how to hold your light. My job is to help you reclaim that light.
Therapy doesn’t have to feel like hard work. Real healing often begins in the simple moments — a shared story, a spark of humor, a sense of being fully seen. I don’t believe you’re broken. I believe you’ve lived through a world that didn’t always know how to hold your light. My job is to help you reclaim that light.
(808) 207-7294 View (808) 207-7294
Photo of Bessie Green, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IMH-E®
Bessie Green
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, IMH-E®
Fairbanks, AK 99701
As an adult survivor of child abuse who overcame a hard childhood to create success, you are good at problem solving and powering through, but you experience a disconnection from your feelings, your body, and your relationships. You are good at pulling it together, putting your feelings aside and focusing to get things done. When you aren’t numb inside, you feel anxious until you find a way to numb out again. Sometimes the things you do to numb out: over-drinking, overeating, overworking, make you feel worse. You love your partner, but you often feel far away from them emotionally. It’s hard to receive touch from someone you love.
As an adult survivor of child abuse who overcame a hard childhood to create success, you are good at problem solving and powering through, but you experience a disconnection from your feelings, your body, and your relationships. You are good at pulling it together, putting your feelings aside and focusing to get things done. When you aren’t numb inside, you feel anxious until you find a way to numb out again. Sometimes the things you do to numb out: over-drinking, overeating, overworking, make you feel worse. You love your partner, but you often feel far away from them emotionally. It’s hard to receive touch from someone you love.
(907) 318-1719 View (907) 318-1719
Angela Brown
Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CRC
1 Endorsed
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Sometimes life can be difficult, and we need a safe, compassionate, non-judgmental space to work through our struggles. My purpose as a counselor is to support you along the path to making positive changes in your life. It is not uncommon to feel stuck at times. I offer encouragement, hope, understanding, and added tools to assist you in achieving your goals.
Sometimes life can be difficult, and we need a safe, compassionate, non-judgmental space to work through our struggles. My purpose as a counselor is to support you along the path to making positive changes in your life. It is not uncommon to feel stuck at times. I offer encouragement, hope, understanding, and added tools to assist you in achieving your goals.
(907) 251-1053 View (907) 251-1053
Photo of Pagey Taylor - Novel Path Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Novel Path Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Serves Area
Integrating modern science & ancient healing arts to heal; I've learned from many amazing people what's worked throughout the ages to ease human difficulties and emotional pain using western esoteric arts, mythology, and what nature has taught us. I have come to understand how challenges help us shape and strengthen the center of us. I studied everything I could get my hands on, anything that seemed to help people live life to the fullest: Western medicines of neuroscience and psychology; I studied in my mind and in my body; I lost my way and always found my path again. I love to find the heart of people- to enjoy fully!
Integrating modern science & ancient healing arts to heal; I've learned from many amazing people what's worked throughout the ages to ease human difficulties and emotional pain using western esoteric arts, mythology, and what nature has taught us. I have come to understand how challenges help us shape and strengthen the center of us. I studied everything I could get my hands on, anything that seemed to help people live life to the fullest: Western medicines of neuroscience and psychology; I studied in my mind and in my body; I lost my way and always found my path again. I love to find the heart of people- to enjoy fully!
(907) 318-7715 View (907) 318-7715
Photo of Kathryn C Mallory - Dome Arts LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, RPT™-S
Dome Arts LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, RPT™-S
Fairbanks, AK 99701
After over 25 years working and living in rural and urban Alaska as a teacher, painter and counselor, I saw the need to offer counseling outside conventional settings. The Dome Arts house is a second home located in a quiet, historic neighborhood. It includes a playroom, working art studio, comfortable living room area, small kitchen and sunny, peaceful backyard with garden. I am dedicated to creating and maintaining an atmosphere which encourages reflection, healing and growth.
After over 25 years working and living in rural and urban Alaska as a teacher, painter and counselor, I saw the need to offer counseling outside conventional settings. The Dome Arts house is a second home located in a quiet, historic neighborhood. It includes a playroom, working art studio, comfortable living room area, small kitchen and sunny, peaceful backyard with garden. I am dedicated to creating and maintaining an atmosphere which encourages reflection, healing and growth.
(907) 331-4619 View (907) 331-4619
Photo of Geoffry L McCormick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Geoffry L McCormick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Fairbanks, AK 99701
Life is full of challenges. We are interconnected in life’s world of seasons and cycles, ups and downs. How we face these obstacles makes the difference between peace of mind or a troubled heart. I want to assist you in unlocking peace, no matter the obstacles you may face. As a military combat veteran, I understand mental battle zones. I have a passion for military Veterans. I have helped countless active duty and Veteran’s navigate the complexities of life during and after military service. Additionally, I have worked with those dealing with disabilities, depression, the homeless and those in Twelve-Step Recovery.
Life is full of challenges. We are interconnected in life’s world of seasons and cycles, ups and downs. How we face these obstacles makes the difference between peace of mind or a troubled heart. I want to assist you in unlocking peace, no matter the obstacles you may face. As a military combat veteran, I understand mental battle zones. I have a passion for military Veterans. I have helped countless active duty and Veteran’s navigate the complexities of life during and after military service. Additionally, I have worked with those dealing with disabilities, depression, the homeless and those in Twelve-Step Recovery.
(855) 368-1917 View (855) 368-1917

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 99775

< 10

Therapists in 99775 who prioritize treating:

75% Relationship Issues
75% Anxiety
75% Trauma and PTSD
50% Depression
50% Addiction
50% Stress
50% Marriage Counseling

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
33% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 99775 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 99775?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.