Photo of Naivasha Williams Mangrum, MA, MEd, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Naivasha Williams Mangrum
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
It's all about you! When it comes to therapy, I focus on your needs in that moment. Client centered AF! My practice emphasizes the whole person, considering the eight dimensions of wellness: emotional (how you feel), environmental (toxic friends), financial (can you afford that Starbucks daily), intellectual, occupational (why are you still in that job you hate), physical (are you eating right, get enough sleep lately), social (hybernate much), and spiritual (who or what you praise is your business). I specialize in supporting women through significant life changes such as breakups, career shift, or parenting. Together we elevate!
It's all about you! When it comes to therapy, I focus on your needs in that moment. Client centered AF! My practice emphasizes the whole person, considering the eight dimensions of wellness: emotional (how you feel), environmental (toxic friends), financial (can you afford that Starbucks daily), intellectual, occupational (why are you still in that job you hate), physical (are you eating right, get enough sleep lately), social (hybernate much), and spiritual (who or what you praise is your business). I specialize in supporting women through significant life changes such as breakups, career shift, or parenting. Together we elevate!
(509) 257-4397 View (509) 257-4397
Photo of Yuleisy Virginia Cardoso, MA, RMHCI
Yuleisy Virginia Cardoso
MA, RMHCI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Experiencing crippling anxiety? Are you struggling to get out of bed or perhaps you're experiencing weeks with uncontrollable sadness and crying but don’t know how to move forward? Does your stomach feel like it’s in knots throughout the day? No matter how hard you try, the mind is stuck in a fear loop waiting for the other shoe to drop. I understand what it’s like to live with episodes of crippling anxiety, depression and PTSD. I have been blessed to help and teach others tools that can help alleviate major depression, anxiety and PTSD. Please reach out if you are ready for healing, transformation, happiness and peace.
Experiencing crippling anxiety? Are you struggling to get out of bed or perhaps you're experiencing weeks with uncontrollable sadness and crying but don’t know how to move forward? Does your stomach feel like it’s in knots throughout the day? No matter how hard you try, the mind is stuck in a fear loop waiting for the other shoe to drop. I understand what it’s like to live with episodes of crippling anxiety, depression and PTSD. I have been blessed to help and teach others tools that can help alleviate major depression, anxiety and PTSD. Please reach out if you are ready for healing, transformation, happiness and peace.
(253) 478-8668 View (253) 478-8668
Photo of Stephanie Wheeler, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Wheeler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
Now Accepting New Clients in Spokane, WA. As your therapist, my goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment which promotes individual healing and growth. I enjoy working with adults experiencing an array of concerns, which include, but are not limited to trauma, complex trauma, dissociation, anxiety and depressive symptoms, life transitions and stress. Through a trauma informed lens and mind-body approach, the therapeutic relationship involves supporting clients as they gain insight, explore and enhance relationships both internally and externally, which allows opportunity for long term growth and healing.
Now Accepting New Clients in Spokane, WA. As your therapist, my goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment which promotes individual healing and growth. I enjoy working with adults experiencing an array of concerns, which include, but are not limited to trauma, complex trauma, dissociation, anxiety and depressive symptoms, life transitions and stress. Through a trauma informed lens and mind-body approach, the therapeutic relationship involves supporting clients as they gain insight, explore and enhance relationships both internally and externally, which allows opportunity for long term growth and healing.
(509) 740-4254 View (509) 740-4254
Photo of Grant Cooper, MA, LMHCA, g, Counselor
Grant Cooper
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, g
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in helping individuals navigate anxiety, PTSD, trauma, ADHD, relationship and life transitions such as deinstitutionalization or overcoming barriers that leave them feeling stuck. My practice is welcoming all clients aged 18-70 (with flexibility after a chat). I approach mental health as a continuum—acknowledging that we all move through different points on this spectrum throughout our lives. Together, we’ll work to build resilience, uncover your strengths, and create pathways to a more fulfilling and balanced life. I am collaborative and inclusive of all diverse identities and all experiences.
I specialize in helping individuals navigate anxiety, PTSD, trauma, ADHD, relationship and life transitions such as deinstitutionalization or overcoming barriers that leave them feeling stuck. My practice is welcoming all clients aged 18-70 (with flexibility after a chat). I approach mental health as a continuum—acknowledging that we all move through different points on this spectrum throughout our lives. Together, we’ll work to build resilience, uncover your strengths, and create pathways to a more fulfilling and balanced life. I am collaborative and inclusive of all diverse identities and all experiences.
(509) 790-6475 View (509) 790-6475
Photo of Jessica Campbell, LMHC, Counselor
Jessica Campbell
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
I work with an eclectic approach to therapy. By forming a strong, therapeutic alliance the client and counselor embark on a journey toward shared treatment goals. My theoretical approach to counseling enlists pieces of cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and interpersonal psychotherapy. With evidence-based treatment practices, the client can learn new methods of coping with mental health distress. One main area of focus is the treatment of trauma. Too often, clients have attended counseling with no relief of symptoms and have revealed that the trauma they experienced was unaddressed. As a Certified Trauma Specialist, I am passionate about helping clients heal from traumatic experiences.
I work with an eclectic approach to therapy. By forming a strong, therapeutic alliance the client and counselor embark on a journey toward shared treatment goals. My theoretical approach to counseling enlists pieces of cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and interpersonal psychotherapy. With evidence-based treatment practices, the client can learn new methods of coping with mental health distress. One main area of focus is the treatment of trauma. Too often, clients have attended counseling with no relief of symptoms and have revealed that the trauma they experienced was unaddressed. As a Certified Trauma Specialist, I am passionate about helping clients heal from traumatic experiences.
(509) 822-2376 View (509) 822-2376
Photo of Roger W. Yoder, PhD, NCC, MS, Counselor
Roger W. Yoder
Counselor, PhD, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
An Empathetic philosophy anchored in caring, trust, dignity, and respect. Although it may seem difficult at times to find balance in your life, it is not impossible to find this balance. I can help you overcome obstacles that keep you from feeling fully alive - at work, play, or in your relationships with others. I do things a bit differently. Understanding not everyone is cut out for the same treatment, I see clients as people. I listen carefully to people and respond to them as individuals, not just a diagnosis. Specializing in the treatment of active military, Veterans, law enforcement, firefighters and all first responders.
An Empathetic philosophy anchored in caring, trust, dignity, and respect. Although it may seem difficult at times to find balance in your life, it is not impossible to find this balance. I can help you overcome obstacles that keep you from feeling fully alive - at work, play, or in your relationships with others. I do things a bit differently. Understanding not everyone is cut out for the same treatment, I see clients as people. I listen carefully to people and respond to them as individuals, not just a diagnosis. Specializing in the treatment of active military, Veterans, law enforcement, firefighters and all first responders.
(509) 956-4798 View (509) 956-4798
Photo of Amanda Lamp, MSW, RCSWI, LSWAIC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amanda Lamp
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, RCSWI, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a therapist, it is my goal to make sure you get the most out of our sessions together. I encourage all my clients to make the treatment plan with me. We will identify your own unique strengths in combination with therapeutic skill building to achieve your goals.
As a therapist, it is my goal to make sure you get the most out of our sessions together. I encourage all my clients to make the treatment plan with me. We will identify your own unique strengths in combination with therapeutic skill building to achieve your goals.
(509) 402-1598 View (509) 402-1598
Photo of Justin Gladney, LCSWIA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Justin Gladney
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSWIA
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a queer therapist and current PhD student in clinical sexology, I bring a deep understanding and specialized expertise to my practice. My areas of focus include LGBTQ-related issues, men's issues, sex, substance use disorder, trauma, and working with sexual offenders, both juveniles and adults. My approach is compassionate and client-centered, ensuring a safe space for healing and growth.
As a queer therapist and current PhD student in clinical sexology, I bring a deep understanding and specialized expertise to my practice. My areas of focus include LGBTQ-related issues, men's issues, sex, substance use disorder, trauma, and working with sexual offenders, both juveniles and adults. My approach is compassionate and client-centered, ensuring a safe space for healing and growth.
(509) 631-8445 View (509) 631-8445
Photo of Jessie Moecia, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessie Moecia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
I have had the privilege of working in community mental health since 2016 and have most enjoyed being able to meet with and take the journey with clients from many diverse backgrounds, facing various mental health challenges. Most humans want and need to be understood without the fear of judgment in order to thrive and create positive change. I am able to help meet the needs of those facing trauma, co-dependency, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, ADHD, relationship challenges and phase of life challenges.
I have had the privilege of working in community mental health since 2016 and have most enjoyed being able to meet with and take the journey with clients from many diverse backgrounds, facing various mental health challenges. Most humans want and need to be understood without the fear of judgment in order to thrive and create positive change. I am able to help meet the needs of those facing trauma, co-dependency, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, ADHD, relationship challenges and phase of life challenges.
(509) 285-0411 x9299 View (509) 285-0411 x9299
Photo of Chad Erickson, LMHC, MA, MHP, Counselor
Chad Erickson
Counselor, LMHC, MA, MHP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
I am dedicated to working with people who feel lost mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. When someone loses their clarity, they lose sight of the goals, dreams, and interests that once enlivened them. I would love to help you regain your sense of purpose and passion for life. I am also grateful when I get to work with people who are in a rut within their relationship and need tools to regain greater connection.
I am dedicated to working with people who feel lost mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. When someone loses their clarity, they lose sight of the goals, dreams, and interests that once enlivened them. I would love to help you regain your sense of purpose and passion for life. I am also grateful when I get to work with people who are in a rut within their relationship and need tools to regain greater connection.
(509) 394-5772 View (509) 394-5772
Photo of Ingrid Price, MSW, LMHC, CMHS, NCC, Counselor
Ingrid Price
Counselor, MSW, LMHC, CMHS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
Not accepting new clients
I view counseling as a way to better externalize how things interact with your mind, body and wellbeing. I strongly focus on how Attachment within our family systems imprints on who we are and how we interact with the world around us and the people we love. I try to work within the space in which you are ready and eliminate the power dynamic that sometimes can be present when feeling the need for help. I feel that therapy can be empowering and incredibly clarifying as you navigate your intrinsic motivation and self worth.
I view counseling as a way to better externalize how things interact with your mind, body and wellbeing. I strongly focus on how Attachment within our family systems imprints on who we are and how we interact with the world around us and the people we love. I try to work within the space in which you are ready and eliminate the power dynamic that sometimes can be present when feeling the need for help. I feel that therapy can be empowering and incredibly clarifying as you navigate your intrinsic motivation and self worth.
(509) 412-3358 View (509) 412-3358
Photo of Esther Steen, MA, LMFT, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Esther Steen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, IMFT
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I am a fully Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Washington State, and Independently Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Ohio. I received my Master of Arts in Psychology, Child, Couple, and Family Therapy at Antioch University in 2015. I have been providing individual and family therapy since 2013.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I am a fully Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Washington State, and Independently Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Ohio. I received my Master of Arts in Psychology, Child, Couple, and Family Therapy at Antioch University in 2015. I have been providing individual and family therapy since 2013.
(360) 997-5045 View (360) 997-5045
Photo of Lee Gilman, MA, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lee Gilman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
In order for us to grow, we must challenge our preconceived notions of self and experiences, as those are what shape our truths. We are not alone, even when it feels as if we are. We are connected to the thousands of lives that have touched ours and have had a hand in creating who we are. I approach my work through a systemic lens, in other words, I see the world as a huge ball of yarn. Those strings are our connectedness, the relationships we hold that connect us to our culture, our family, our history, and our future.
In order for us to grow, we must challenge our preconceived notions of self and experiences, as those are what shape our truths. We are not alone, even when it feels as if we are. We are connected to the thousands of lives that have touched ours and have had a hand in creating who we are. I approach my work through a systemic lens, in other words, I see the world as a huge ball of yarn. Those strings are our connectedness, the relationships we hold that connect us to our culture, our family, our history, and our future.
(708) 304-9979 x9483 View (708) 304-9979 x9483
Photo of Candace Jenkins, LSWAIC
Candace Jenkins
LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
I specialize in working closely with BIPOC clients men and women, who are navigating the complexities of depression and anxiety amidst systemic racism's profound impact on mental health. Many of the clients I work with find it challenging to engage in environments where they feel marginalized and unable to authentically express themselves. My goal is to create a therapeutic space where BIPOC clients feel deeply understood, seen, and supported. I'm drawn to clients who are not only ready to explore their emotions and experiences but also eager to engage in therapeutic tasks that promote personal growth, empowerment, an
I specialize in working closely with BIPOC clients men and women, who are navigating the complexities of depression and anxiety amidst systemic racism's profound impact on mental health. Many of the clients I work with find it challenging to engage in environments where they feel marginalized and unable to authentically express themselves. My goal is to create a therapeutic space where BIPOC clients feel deeply understood, seen, and supported. I'm drawn to clients who are not only ready to explore their emotions and experiences but also eager to engage in therapeutic tasks that promote personal growth, empowerment, an
(509) 761-6233 View (509) 761-6233
Photo of Bonnie June Willey, MA, LMHC, MHP, Counselor
Bonnie June Willey
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MHP
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Finding the right counselor can be the key to overcoming the variety of challenges posed by life. I have worked extensively with individuals, couples and families impacted by anxiety, depression, trauma, significant life changes and important role transitions. If you are struggling to overcome any of these difficulties, I can help. Our work will be aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of your emotions, motivations and patterns of behavior. Greater understanding and tools for change do lead to relief from distress and to lifelong personal growth.
Finding the right counselor can be the key to overcoming the variety of challenges posed by life. I have worked extensively with individuals, couples and families impacted by anxiety, depression, trauma, significant life changes and important role transitions. If you are struggling to overcome any of these difficulties, I can help. Our work will be aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of your emotions, motivations and patterns of behavior. Greater understanding and tools for change do lead to relief from distress and to lifelong personal growth.
(509) 412-3416 View (509) 412-3416
Photo of Anna Fish, MSW, LSWAIC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Fish
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, and thank you for your interest. I am the owner/operator of Revery Counseling Services, PLLC and Revery Healing Works, PLLC, and I am partnered with Mindful Therapy Group. I am available virtually to serve anywhere in Washington state. I work with clients ages 18 and older who encounter issues related to anxiety, depression, challenges with self esteem, adjustment issues, and trauma/PTSD. Sessions are client led and focused to support learning of new techniques to heal, build skills for coping with stressors and triggers, and an overall improved sense of well-being.
Hello, and thank you for your interest. I am the owner/operator of Revery Counseling Services, PLLC and Revery Healing Works, PLLC, and I am partnered with Mindful Therapy Group. I am available virtually to serve anywhere in Washington state. I work with clients ages 18 and older who encounter issues related to anxiety, depression, challenges with self esteem, adjustment issues, and trauma/PTSD. Sessions are client led and focused to support learning of new techniques to heal, build skills for coping with stressors and triggers, and an overall improved sense of well-being.
(509) 519-1594 x1145 View (509) 519-1594 x1145
Photo of Peter Huss, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Peter Huss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
Not accepting new clients
I use a flexible approach to therapy, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), both evidence-based methods proven effective for anxiety, depression, and trauma. CBT focuses on identifying distorted thinking, modifying beliefs, and changing behaviors, while EMDR helps process traumatic memories and reduce emotional distress. Through in-session exercises and brief weekly homework, you can gain a deeper understanding of your core needs and values, increase awareness of thought patterns, and build healthier relationships.
I use a flexible approach to therapy, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), both evidence-based methods proven effective for anxiety, depression, and trauma. CBT focuses on identifying distorted thinking, modifying beliefs, and changing behaviors, while EMDR helps process traumatic memories and reduce emotional distress. Through in-session exercises and brief weekly homework, you can gain a deeper understanding of your core needs and values, increase awareness of thought patterns, and build healthier relationships.
(509) 790-3957 View (509) 790-3957
Photo of Timarah Bass, LMHCA, Counselor
Timarah Bass
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe in Holistic wellness; Mind, Body, & Soul. Here, I connect all aspects of wellness in efforts to not just live, but to thrive in the most divine way that speaks to your healing. I foster a culture that welcomes, hears, and respects every voice. I provide services to Adolescents and Adults ages 12-65. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety and depression, struggles with life stage transition, emotional dysregulation, and family conflict.
I believe in Holistic wellness; Mind, Body, & Soul. Here, I connect all aspects of wellness in efforts to not just live, but to thrive in the most divine way that speaks to your healing. I foster a culture that welcomes, hears, and respects every voice. I provide services to Adolescents and Adults ages 12-65. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety and depression, struggles with life stage transition, emotional dysregulation, and family conflict.
(509) 512-0862 View (509) 512-0862
Photo of Stephanie Tumba - RIM Holistic Health (Stephanie Tumba), MACP, LMHC, Counselor
RIM Holistic Health (Stephanie Tumba)
Counselor, MACP, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
My speciality is working with those who want to improve their overall wellbeing. Do you feel stuck in stress, sadness, trauma, numbness, or isolation? Perhaps you struggle to maintain relationships, or find yourself in a cycle of unhealthy boundaries. You may question your own worth and struggle to communicate your thoughts and feelings with those in your life. Whatever your struggles, you are most likely hoping for more peace of mind, connection, confidence, and compassion. Just like our bodies heal from scrapes and bruises, we are also built and meant to heal emotionally and mentally. Counseling is a great way to gain life skills.
My speciality is working with those who want to improve their overall wellbeing. Do you feel stuck in stress, sadness, trauma, numbness, or isolation? Perhaps you struggle to maintain relationships, or find yourself in a cycle of unhealthy boundaries. You may question your own worth and struggle to communicate your thoughts and feelings with those in your life. Whatever your struggles, you are most likely hoping for more peace of mind, connection, confidence, and compassion. Just like our bodies heal from scrapes and bruises, we are also built and meant to heal emotionally and mentally. Counseling is a great way to gain life skills.
(509) 408-0108 View (509) 408-0108
Photo of Brennan Champagne - LifeStance Health, LHMC
LifeStance Health
Mental Health Counselor, LHMC
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(866) 610-4009 View (866) 610-4009
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 99201

600+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in 99201 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
64% Premera Blue Cross
63% Regence

How Therapists in 99201 see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 99201?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.