Photo of Bryanna Goodman - Refresh Therapy Inc, LMFT, LMHC, LMHCA, LMFTA, LICSW
Refresh Therapy Inc
LMFT, LMHC, LMHCA, LMFTA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
We are a group of dynamic therapists, in multiple Washington state locations. Our goal was to create a place for you to settle in and tell your story. Everybody has one, and we want to hear yours. Counseling is a process that encourages you to examine your choices, your thoughts, your dreams, your barriers and your pain in an effort to create the positive change you are seeking in your life. We believe that successful counseling is a collaborative experience between you and your therapist; that finding the right fit is vital to that success.
We are a group of dynamic therapists, in multiple Washington state locations. Our goal was to create a place for you to settle in and tell your story. Everybody has one, and we want to hear yours. Counseling is a process that encourages you to examine your choices, your thoughts, your dreams, your barriers and your pain in an effort to create the positive change you are seeking in your life. We believe that successful counseling is a collaborative experience between you and your therapist; that finding the right fit is vital to that success.
(360) 972-3644 View (360) 972-3644
Photo of Lana Ferris - Dr Lana Ferris (Autism and ADHD Evaluations), ND
Dr Lana Ferris (Autism and ADHD Evaluations)
ND
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Do you suspect you may be autistic or have adhd? Have you struggled to find someone who offers neuro-affirming assessments or been worried that they will dismiss you since you are AFAB or high-masking?
Do you suspect you may be autistic or have adhd? Have you struggled to find someone who offers neuro-affirming assessments or been worried that they will dismiss you since you are AFAB or high-masking?
(360) 994-1025 View (360) 994-1025
Photo of Stephen P Grant, Counselor, MACP, LMHC, CSAT, CMAT
Stephen P Grant
Counselor, MACP, LMHC, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Is your world imploding? Betrayal shatters our worlds. Whether the betrayer or the betrayed, it destroys us! Betrayers face a sense of powerlessness, loneliness, and hopelessness: realizing they can never be really known or completely love another. And, the betrayed dazedly look at a million shattered pieces of the life they thought they knew and wonder if they can trust themselves or another again. Betrayal, fear, and grief traumatize us and become our constant companions. Shock often sets in. We feel isolated & alone. But real, lasting help is available. You don’t have to stay stuck in this frightening & paralyzing space.
Is your world imploding? Betrayal shatters our worlds. Whether the betrayer or the betrayed, it destroys us! Betrayers face a sense of powerlessness, loneliness, and hopelessness: realizing they can never be really known or completely love another. And, the betrayed dazedly look at a million shattered pieces of the life they thought they knew and wonder if they can trust themselves or another again. Betrayal, fear, and grief traumatize us and become our constant companions. Shock often sets in. We feel isolated & alone. But real, lasting help is available. You don’t have to stay stuck in this frightening & paralyzing space.
(360) 835-6884 View (360) 835-6884
Photo of Valinda Harlan Individuals Couples Communication Emotional Sexual Intimacy, Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LPCC, NCC
Valinda Harlan Individuals Couples Communication Emotional Sexual Intimacy
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Now Accepting New Clients for In-Person & Telehealth Appointments. Are you struggling in your relationship? Whether you're facing sexual issues, broken trust, poor communication, or just feeling disconnected—there is hope. I'm an experienced therapist specializing in relationship concerns. I work with couples of all ages, traditional, and nontraditional partnerships. Together, we can explore healthier communication, rebuild emotional intimacy, and cultivate appreciation. I offer a supportive, nonjudgmental space to heal old wounds and learn practical tools. Click on the link to my website to learn more. I do not accept insurance.
Now Accepting New Clients for In-Person & Telehealth Appointments. Are you struggling in your relationship? Whether you're facing sexual issues, broken trust, poor communication, or just feeling disconnected—there is hope. I'm an experienced therapist specializing in relationship concerns. I work with couples of all ages, traditional, and nontraditional partnerships. Together, we can explore healthier communication, rebuild emotional intimacy, and cultivate appreciation. I offer a supportive, nonjudgmental space to heal old wounds and learn practical tools. Click on the link to my website to learn more. I do not accept insurance.
(360) 994-1334 View (360) 994-1334
Photo of Christie Susan Ryan - Strength From Within, LLC, Counselor, LMHC, CCTP
Strength From Within, LLC
Counselor, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, self-care, or self-esteem/self-compassion you need someone who will listen and talk you through learning new skills. You might be wanting to finally talk about your past and unpack trauma. You need a safe space with someone who can hold space for those memories while helping you move forward. I strive for a balance between past, present and future in my sessions. Unpacking the past, discovering how it is affecting your present, planning for a better future. I want you to feel like you are making lasting strides towrads a happier you.
If you are struggling with depression, anxiety, self-care, or self-esteem/self-compassion you need someone who will listen and talk you through learning new skills. You might be wanting to finally talk about your past and unpack trauma. You need a safe space with someone who can hold space for those memories while helping you move forward. I strive for a balance between past, present and future in my sessions. Unpacking the past, discovering how it is affecting your present, planning for a better future. I want you to feel like you are making lasting strides towrads a happier you.
(360) 795-5438 View (360) 795-5438
Photo of Elana Kier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Elana Kier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you looking for support? Do you want assistance setting and achieving goals? Through therapy we can work together to identify the root of why you might be struggling and set clear, achievable goals. I offer a warm, direct, and empowering approach to treatment. I believe that you have many of the answers and we can work together to unlock them to create positive change in your life.
Are you looking for support? Do you want assistance setting and achieving goals? Through therapy we can work together to identify the root of why you might be struggling and set clear, achievable goals. I offer a warm, direct, and empowering approach to treatment. I believe that you have many of the answers and we can work together to unlock them to create positive change in your life.
(360) 495-1668 View (360) 495-1668
Photo of Michelle Tobin, Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, PMP
Michelle Tobin
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC, PMP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
If you're unsatisfied with the status quo, then let's find your sublime. Adults looking for a creative outlet, a place to vent, or support for hard times are my ideal clients. I specialize in anxiety and depression, work stress and career goals, identity or relationship issues, life changes or traumatic events. Unusual tales and winding paths are welcome—there is no judgment for any stories you bring. You are accepted wholeheartedly with caring curiosity. We'll talk, feel, brainstorm, problem solve, or use a creative process if you can't find the words. Together, we'll help you find freedom of expression and the potential to grow.
If you're unsatisfied with the status quo, then let's find your sublime. Adults looking for a creative outlet, a place to vent, or support for hard times are my ideal clients. I specialize in anxiety and depression, work stress and career goals, identity or relationship issues, life changes or traumatic events. Unusual tales and winding paths are welcome—there is no judgment for any stories you bring. You are accepted wholeheartedly with caring curiosity. We'll talk, feel, brainstorm, problem solve, or use a creative process if you can't find the words. Together, we'll help you find freedom of expression and the potential to grow.
(360) 207-1957 View (360) 207-1957
Photo of Anna Claybaugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Claybaugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
You are ready to stop patterns that involve giving your power away. You are looking for more fulfillment in life and are ready to reclaim your authentic self. You are tired of feeling like everything else comes before your dreams, goals, empowerment and mental health. You who want to learn how to build more loving awareness and compassion towards yourself in order to support your best life. You are interested in learning more about what makes you who you are, how to shift out of unhealthy beliefs and figure out what’s holding you back from securing happiness and abundance for yourself. Resonate? Then, let's work together.
You are ready to stop patterns that involve giving your power away. You are looking for more fulfillment in life and are ready to reclaim your authentic self. You are tired of feeling like everything else comes before your dreams, goals, empowerment and mental health. You who want to learn how to build more loving awareness and compassion towards yourself in order to support your best life. You are interested in learning more about what makes you who you are, how to shift out of unhealthy beliefs and figure out what’s holding you back from securing happiness and abundance for yourself. Resonate? Then, let's work together.
(360) 654-7698 View (360) 654-7698
Photo of Alan Pasternak - Pasternak Counseling, Psychologist, Alan Pasternak
Pasternak Counseling
Psychologist, Alan Pasternak
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
As a semiretired Psychologist, I do not have an office and visit my client(s) in their home or office anywhere in Clark county. I am married to a Marriage and Family Therapist and understand the difficulties that couples have even with our level of knowledge. I help each member of the couple rise above the conflict and participate in healing their relationship by encouraging personal responsibility and self-disclosure and by getting in touch with the goodness in each person and the love they are missing.
As a semiretired Psychologist, I do not have an office and visit my client(s) in their home or office anywhere in Clark county. I am married to a Marriage and Family Therapist and understand the difficulties that couples have even with our level of knowledge. I help each member of the couple rise above the conflict and participate in healing their relationship by encouraging personal responsibility and self-disclosure and by getting in touch with the goodness in each person and the love they are missing.
(360) 227-5356 View (360) 227-5356
Photo of Dr. Davina Kotulski, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Davina Kotulski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
With over 20 years of experience, I help individuals reclaim personal power, embrace authenticity, and find fulfillment. I will help you navigate challenges, find your strength, and grow. Sometimes it's addressing past wounds, building self-esteem, or tackling relationship or career obstacles. Licensed in WA and OR specialities include couples therapy, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and supporting LGBTQ clients and families in the coming out process by fostering self-expression, honesty, and self-acceptance. I offer a comprehensive toolkit for thriving.
With over 20 years of experience, I help individuals reclaim personal power, embrace authenticity, and find fulfillment. I will help you navigate challenges, find your strength, and grow. Sometimes it's addressing past wounds, building self-esteem, or tackling relationship or career obstacles. Licensed in WA and OR specialities include couples therapy, life transitions, depression, and anxiety and supporting LGBTQ clients and families in the coming out process by fostering self-expression, honesty, and self-acceptance. I offer a comprehensive toolkit for thriving.
(360) 594-5801 View (360) 594-5801
Photo of Julia Schetky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISCW, LMHC
Julia Schetky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISCW, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal clients tend to have similar themes: You had parents/family that weren't ideal (or were harmful), you might even be estranged/ing. You discovered as an adult that you are neurodivergent and it rocked your world (Masking! Burnout!) You grew up in an oppressive environment (home/religion) and you couldn't be your true self (or you are still figuring out who your true self is now.) You've got a (or many) trauma story that must be finally heard and held. Many of my clients also tend to have awesomely weird interests, dark humor, use foul language, and have a passion for social justice! I'm here for it all!
My ideal clients tend to have similar themes: You had parents/family that weren't ideal (or were harmful), you might even be estranged/ing. You discovered as an adult that you are neurodivergent and it rocked your world (Masking! Burnout!) You grew up in an oppressive environment (home/religion) and you couldn't be your true self (or you are still figuring out who your true self is now.) You've got a (or many) trauma story that must be finally heard and held. Many of my clients also tend to have awesomely weird interests, dark humor, use foul language, and have a passion for social justice! I'm here for it all!
(360) 233-8499 View (360) 233-8499
Photo of Megan Conedy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Megan Conedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
We are currently accepting new clients. Seeking out a therapist can be a difficult, yet courageous first step to bettering your life. We believe everyone has a unique and powerful story to tell and we are here to listen. Together, we will be able to identify your concerns with your current situation, explore patterns that aren't working, and develop skills to make life more manageable, peaceful, and enjoyable. We will start where you are and focus where you want to focus, all at your pace.
We are currently accepting new clients. Seeking out a therapist can be a difficult, yet courageous first step to bettering your life. We believe everyone has a unique and powerful story to tell and we are here to listen. Together, we will be able to identify your concerns with your current situation, explore patterns that aren't working, and develop skills to make life more manageable, peaceful, and enjoyable. We will start where you are and focus where you want to focus, all at your pace.
(360) 515-4894 View (360) 515-4894
Photo of Rinatta Paries, Counselor, MA, CMHA, MFTA
Rinatta Paries
Counselor, MA, CMHA, MFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Struggling with your relationship or marriage? Suffering over a painful breakup? Having trouble finding the right partner? Suffering from pain of an affair? Feeling stressed about what is happening with your teen or want to connect more with your young adult? Relationship-related situations such as these are solvable with therapy! As your therapist, I will help you navigate your way through painful situations and move towards creating lifelong, loving relationships, rich in connection and communication. Along the way, you will find yourself releasing trauma, feeling better, functioning better, and creating a life you love.
Struggling with your relationship or marriage? Suffering over a painful breakup? Having trouble finding the right partner? Suffering from pain of an affair? Feeling stressed about what is happening with your teen or want to connect more with your young adult? Relationship-related situations such as these are solvable with therapy! As your therapist, I will help you navigate your way through painful situations and move towards creating lifelong, loving relationships, rich in connection and communication. Along the way, you will find yourself releasing trauma, feeling better, functioning better, and creating a life you love.
(360) 776-7076 View (360) 776-7076
Photo of Megan Conedy - Inspire Counseling Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Inspire Counseling Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Our mission is to provide compassionate, personalized, and evidence-based mental health counseling and therapy services to empower individuals to navigate life’s challenges, foster resilience, and achieve emotional well-being.
Our mission is to provide compassionate, personalized, and evidence-based mental health counseling and therapy services to empower individuals to navigate life’s challenges, foster resilience, and achieve emotional well-being.
(360) 997-1327 View (360) 997-1327
Photo of Brenda Huffstutler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LICSW
Brenda Huffstutler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Aloha and thank you for taking the time to visit my page! We are all on this journey of life with the only constant in each of our experiences being change. Finding serenity in the midst of all of that change and chaos can be challenging. Let me offer you a safe and compassionate space. Our conversations take place in a trauma-informed environment that is free from worry or judgement. With me as your counselor, we will foster an environment of trust where we can safely explore those topics or issues you feel are holding you back from living in freedom and the full enjoyment of life.
Aloha and thank you for taking the time to visit my page! We are all on this journey of life with the only constant in each of our experiences being change. Finding serenity in the midst of all of that change and chaos can be challenging. Let me offer you a safe and compassionate space. Our conversations take place in a trauma-informed environment that is free from worry or judgement. With me as your counselor, we will foster an environment of trust where we can safely explore those topics or issues you feel are holding you back from living in freedom and the full enjoyment of life.
(360) 310-4837 View (360) 310-4837
Photo of Jeff Knight - Insight Counseling Vancouver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Insight Counseling Vancouver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
Not accepting new clients
Emotional pain and struggle are a normal part of life but it's easy to get stuck. Eventually, we find ourselves far from what we find most valuable and meaningful in life.  Whether it's depression, grief, anger, trauma, stress, anxiety, or difficulty adjusting to life circumstances, together we will practice skills to be more present in life, more open and better equipped to handle our pain, and more able to move towards what matters.
Emotional pain and struggle are a normal part of life but it's easy to get stuck. Eventually, we find ourselves far from what we find most valuable and meaningful in life.  Whether it's depression, grief, anger, trauma, stress, anxiety, or difficulty adjusting to life circumstances, together we will practice skills to be more present in life, more open and better equipped to handle our pain, and more able to move towards what matters.
(360) 453-7174 View (360) 453-7174
Photo of Arabeth Mashek, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Arabeth Mashek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Trauma leaves us feeling damaged, broken, and disconnected from ourselves and others. You might be tired of feeling triggered by small things in your life, lonely and isolated as others in your life don’t understand you, or you might feel guilty or ashamed of what has happened to you. It has been so long since you have felt like yourself. You’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to be free from the past haunting you. You’re ready to have deep meaningful relationships with others. Most of all, you’re ready to feel confident and trust yourself. I can help you get there.
Trauma leaves us feeling damaged, broken, and disconnected from ourselves and others. You might be tired of feeling triggered by small things in your life, lonely and isolated as others in your life don’t understand you, or you might feel guilty or ashamed of what has happened to you. It has been so long since you have felt like yourself. You’re ready to make a change. You’re ready to be free from the past haunting you. You’re ready to have deep meaningful relationships with others. Most of all, you’re ready to feel confident and trust yourself. I can help you get there.
(360) 531-7509 View (360) 531-7509
Photo of Alissa Marie Fisher, Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Alissa Marie Fisher
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vancouver, WA 98685
Are you feeling anxious, off-kilter, or struggling with emotions? Maybe you wish you could connect to others in different ways, but you don’t know how to start. Perhaps you want to change how you relate to your child but don’t know where to begin, or are trying to cope with a loss. My philosophy is that our relationships and experiences set the tone in how we relate to others and ourselves. Uncovering unhealthy patterns in relationships and thinking can free us to change how we experience and move through life, opening us up to healing and health.
Are you feeling anxious, off-kilter, or struggling with emotions? Maybe you wish you could connect to others in different ways, but you don’t know how to start. Perhaps you want to change how you relate to your child but don’t know where to begin, or are trying to cope with a loss. My philosophy is that our relationships and experiences set the tone in how we relate to others and ourselves. Uncovering unhealthy patterns in relationships and thinking can free us to change how we experience and move through life, opening us up to healing and health.
(360) 996-1475 View (360) 996-1475
Photo of Davyd Kazakov, Mental Health Counselor, MA, MHP, LMHC
Davyd Kazakov
Mental Health Counselor, MA, MHP, LMHC
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
Do you or someone you know struggle with anxiety, depression, anger, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, trauma, major life changes, or existential and spiritual concerns? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. In my counseling practice, I take a person-centered approach, integrating Existential-Humanistic Therapy with practical techniques from Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, and Psychodynamic Therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and accepting space where we can explore your concerns together and work toward meaningful change.
Do you or someone you know struggle with anxiety, depression, anger, low self-esteem, relationship challenges, trauma, major life changes, or existential and spiritual concerns? You don’t have to face these challenges alone. In my counseling practice, I take a person-centered approach, integrating Existential-Humanistic Therapy with practical techniques from Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, and Psychodynamic Therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and accepting space where we can explore your concerns together and work toward meaningful change.
(360) 284-1327 View (360) 284-1327
Photo of Brooke C Massey, Psychologist, PsyD
Brooke C Massey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vancouver, WA 98685
Waitlist for new clients
Clients I work best with often include those experiencing a life transition. Whether it is entering a new relationship, the loss of a relationship, retirement, change in career, changes in health, etc. I am also trained in treating a majority of issues that may not be related to a transition including depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, interpersonal struggles, behavioral problems, trauma, and grief.
Clients I work best with often include those experiencing a life transition. Whether it is entering a new relationship, the loss of a relationship, retirement, change in career, changes in health, etc. I am also trained in treating a majority of issues that may not be related to a transition including depression, anxiety, adjustment problems, interpersonal struggles, behavioral problems, trauma, and grief.
(360) 732-8792 View (360) 732-8792
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See more therapy options for 98685

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 98685

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 98685 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
68% Self Esteem
65% Life Transitions
64% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
79% Regence
55% PacificSource

How Therapists in 98685 see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
26% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 98685?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.