Therapists in Port Orchard, WA

Photo of LaTasha Macklin, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
LaTasha Macklin
Counselor, MS, LMHCA, PhD(c)
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Tasha and I have a passion for working with individuals and families to improve not only the situation or circumstance that has prompted them to seek assistance, but to also improve their relationships (with self and others) to create an environment for their lives to thrive. My education includes a master’s degree in psychology from Walden University in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where I am currently a clinical psychology Ph.D. candidate. I am also a member of both the Washington State Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association.
Hello! My name is Tasha and I have a passion for working with individuals and families to improve not only the situation or circumstance that has prompted them to seek assistance, but to also improve their relationships (with self and others) to create an environment for their lives to thrive. My education includes a master’s degree in psychology from Walden University in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where I am currently a clinical psychology Ph.D. candidate. I am also a member of both the Washington State Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association.
(425) 954-3789 View (425) 954-3789
Photo of Northwest Therapy Group, PLLC - Maxie Pape, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Northwest Therapy Group, PLLC - Maxie Pape
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Orchard, WA 98366
Welcome, I am glad you made it! My name is Maxie. I am a clinician inside of Northwest Therapy Group. I have found a love of working alongside individuals who find themselves struggling with finding purpose and identity. Whether you are a new parent working your way back to yourself (or your partner), a teen struggling with depression, anxiety, or finding your sense of self, or maybe you're someone who struggles with grief and loss, I am ready to walk with you through it.
Welcome, I am glad you made it! My name is Maxie. I am a clinician inside of Northwest Therapy Group. I have found a love of working alongside individuals who find themselves struggling with finding purpose and identity. Whether you are a new parent working your way back to yourself (or your partner), a teen struggling with depression, anxiety, or finding your sense of self, or maybe you're someone who struggles with grief and loss, I am ready to walk with you through it.
(253) 243-2733 View (253) 243-2733
Photo of Peter Elliot Thomas, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
Peter Elliot Thomas
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My goal as your therapist is to help you develop a deep sense of your authentic self, and to cultivate your own strength and confidence in your ability to handle what life throws at you. We will work together primarily through the lens of Internal Family Systems (IFS), an intuitive and evidence-based approach to therapy. Have you ever used the phrase "Part of me feels..." to describe an internal conflict? IFS takes the idea of "parts" and provides a framework for healing the wounded parts of yourself. By approaching these "parts" with compassion and understanding, we create new space for you to live your life free of old burdens.
My goal as your therapist is to help you develop a deep sense of your authentic self, and to cultivate your own strength and confidence in your ability to handle what life throws at you. We will work together primarily through the lens of Internal Family Systems (IFS), an intuitive and evidence-based approach to therapy. Have you ever used the phrase "Part of me feels..." to describe an internal conflict? IFS takes the idea of "parts" and provides a framework for healing the wounded parts of yourself. By approaching these "parts" with compassion and understanding, we create new space for you to live your life free of old burdens.
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Photo of Latoya N Belgrave Francis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Latoya N Belgrave Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367
I am a highly skilled professional in the human behavioral management field with over 20 years of experience as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered with a focus on helping individuals, businesses and other organizations to have the most positive experience in many different settings. I have a depth of experience in micro, mezzo, and macro level practice and strategic interventions in healthcare.
I am a highly skilled professional in the human behavioral management field with over 20 years of experience as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My approach is client-centered with a focus on helping individuals, businesses and other organizations to have the most positive experience in many different settings. I have a depth of experience in micro, mezzo, and macro level practice and strategic interventions in healthcare.
(360) 205-5421 View (360) 205-5421
Photo of Christine Thurston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Christine Thurston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
All people experience problems and at times we all need someone that we can trust to assist us with those challenges. As a therapist, my approach is accepting, empathetic, and flexible, and I strive to form a relationship with my clients that is built on trust and respect. I believe in working collaboratively with my clients, together identifying the growth and change that they desire for their lives. I work to help my clients uncover their internal resources and strengths and expand their understanding of their experiences in order to empower them to make the changes that they desire.
All people experience problems and at times we all need someone that we can trust to assist us with those challenges. As a therapist, my approach is accepting, empathetic, and flexible, and I strive to form a relationship with my clients that is built on trust and respect. I believe in working collaboratively with my clients, together identifying the growth and change that they desire for their lives. I work to help my clients uncover their internal resources and strengths and expand their understanding of their experiences in order to empower them to make the changes that they desire.
(360) 443-5452 View (360) 443-5452
Photo of N.W. Family Recovery Solutions, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
N.W. Family Recovery Solutions
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, PhD (c)
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366
Cesario Larios, MA, LMHCA holds a master’s degree in Psychology, as well is a Clinical Psychology PsyD doctoral student at Antioch University Seattle. He is in his fifth year of training, which has encompassed both evidence based applications for therapy as well as psychological and forensic assessments. At NW Family Recovery Solutions, Cesario provides psychological assessments for those suffering from these co-occurring disorders, which is often helpful for understanding each client’s unique challenges and how best to achieve remission of both substance abuse and mental illness.
Cesario Larios, MA, LMHCA holds a master’s degree in Psychology, as well is a Clinical Psychology PsyD doctoral student at Antioch University Seattle. He is in his fifth year of training, which has encompassed both evidence based applications for therapy as well as psychological and forensic assessments. At NW Family Recovery Solutions, Cesario provides psychological assessments for those suffering from these co-occurring disorders, which is often helpful for understanding each client’s unique challenges and how best to achieve remission of both substance abuse and mental illness.
(360) 230-5526 View (360) 230-5526
Photo of Michelle Middleton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Michelle Middleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
I am committed to trauma informed, client centered treatment. My focus in my career has been working with survivors of abuse and other traumatic experiences. I hold a safe space for my clients to feel connected during their time with me as their counselor. We work together to find the tools that you need to live the life you envision for yourself.
I am committed to trauma informed, client centered treatment. My focus in my career has been working with survivors of abuse and other traumatic experiences. I hold a safe space for my clients to feel connected during their time with me as their counselor. We work together to find the tools that you need to live the life you envision for yourself.
(360) 641-7724 View (360) 641-7724
Photo of Sally Plank, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Sally Plank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICASW
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious or disconnected? You’re not alone. Each and everyone of us has our own stories and lived experiences of pain, trauma, disconnection. Life’s challenges can be overwhelming and it is crucial to have the support you need to navigate life. My approach is person-centered, trauma-informed, and body-led. Healing is a journey, and I will meet you on the path exactly where you are with compassion and non-judgement. Together I join with you on the path toward your healing and fulfillment and together we embrace the messiness of the human experience where you are free to explore what is alive for you.
Feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, anxious or disconnected? You’re not alone. Each and everyone of us has our own stories and lived experiences of pain, trauma, disconnection. Life’s challenges can be overwhelming and it is crucial to have the support you need to navigate life. My approach is person-centered, trauma-informed, and body-led. Healing is a journey, and I will meet you on the path exactly where you are with compassion and non-judgement. Together I join with you on the path toward your healing and fulfillment and together we embrace the messiness of the human experience where you are free to explore what is alive for you.
(253) 400-4143 View (253) 400-4143
Photo of Ileara Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Ileara Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367  (Online Only)
Greetings! It's fantastic that you're considering me as a potential match for your therapeutic needs. Navigating the search for a therapist can be daunting, but you're handling it wonderfully. Why the praise? Because you've recognized the importance of addressing your concerns with a professional. Whether you're dealing with general life challenges, family or relationship issues, task paralysis, overthinking, or trauma, your progress to this point is noteworthy.
Greetings! It's fantastic that you're considering me as a potential match for your therapeutic needs. Navigating the search for a therapist can be daunting, but you're handling it wonderfully. Why the praise? Because you've recognized the importance of addressing your concerns with a professional. Whether you're dealing with general life challenges, family or relationship issues, task paralysis, overthinking, or trauma, your progress to this point is noteworthy.
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Photo of Calming Heart Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Calming Heart Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, MHP, CCTP-1
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Port Orchard, WA 98366
I have worked with children, adolescents, young adults, and adults in crisis in our community, schools, and hospital settings. I understand how scary it is to start therapy and I’m here to help you through unexpected life stressors. It can be difficult to untangle your thoughts, feelings, and emotions alone; while trying to identify goals in order to heal. In building a strong therapeutic relationship;I support your healing process through an empathic, calm and direct manner to support you and your journey.
I have worked with children, adolescents, young adults, and adults in crisis in our community, schools, and hospital settings. I understand how scary it is to start therapy and I’m here to help you through unexpected life stressors. It can be difficult to untangle your thoughts, feelings, and emotions alone; while trying to identify goals in order to heal. In building a strong therapeutic relationship;I support your healing process through an empathic, calm and direct manner to support you and your journey.
(360) 838-0819 View (360) 838-0819
Photo of Northwest Therapy Group, PLLC - Tara Celletti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Northwest Therapy Group, PLLC - Tara Celletti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366
My name is Tara Celletti and I am a licensed independent associate clinical social worker. I grew up in Southern California, where I was exposed to therapy practices at an early age by my grandmother. In 2021, I followed in my grandmother’s footsteps and received a Masters in Social Work from University of Southern California. I moved to Washington in 2014 where I now live with my husband and our three rescue dogs.
My name is Tara Celletti and I am a licensed independent associate clinical social worker. I grew up in Southern California, where I was exposed to therapy practices at an early age by my grandmother. In 2021, I followed in my grandmother’s footsteps and received a Masters in Social Work from University of Southern California. I moved to Washington in 2014 where I now live with my husband and our three rescue dogs.
(360) 646-2353 View (360) 646-2353
Photo of Alexa Farris, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
Alexa Farris
Counselor, LMHC, SUDP
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Ready to make a change, but not sure where to begin? Help is available! I am a mental health and substance use counselor based in Kitsap County and providing telehealth services throughout Washington. I work primarily with adults and teenagers ages 13+. I can help you address a variety of issues, including substance abuse and addiction (including nicotine/tobacco use), depression, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, self-harm, grief, low self-esteem, and LGBTQIA+ concerns. I do offer letters for gender-affirming care. I currently have a 1-2 month waitlist for new clients.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Ready to make a change, but not sure where to begin? Help is available! I am a mental health and substance use counselor based in Kitsap County and providing telehealth services throughout Washington. I work primarily with adults and teenagers ages 13+. I can help you address a variety of issues, including substance abuse and addiction (including nicotine/tobacco use), depression, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, self-harm, grief, low self-esteem, and LGBTQIA+ concerns. I do offer letters for gender-affirming care. I currently have a 1-2 month waitlist for new clients.
(360) 592-3359 View (360) 592-3359
Photo of Wade Walter, MA, LMHC, LLC, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
Wade Walter, MA, LMHC, LLC
Counselor, MA, LMHC, BC-TMH, CCATP, CSTIP
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367  (Online Only)
I have over 36 years of broad and rich experience in the mental health field. Anxiety and mood disorders as well as personality disorders are a particular area of specialization for me. I am a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), a Certified Sex Therapy Informed Provider (CSTIP) and specialize also in treatment of Personality Disorders. My clients achieve rapid results through exploration of how their thoughts effect their emotional experiences. My theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness techniques also important to my work with clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
I have over 36 years of broad and rich experience in the mental health field. Anxiety and mood disorders as well as personality disorders are a particular area of specialization for me. I am a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), a Certified Sex Therapy Informed Provider (CSTIP) and specialize also in treatment of Personality Disorders. My clients achieve rapid results through exploration of how their thoughts effect their emotional experiences. My theoretical orientation is Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness techniques also important to my work with clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families.
(360) 329-9876 View (360) 329-9876
Photo of Akudi Therapy Practice PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Akudi Therapy Practice PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
I work with Adults and youth (+13) and thrive most when I am serving queer and trans communities and black and brown communities. My hope is to support folks process different struggles coming up in their lives. I provide LGBTQIA+ affirming mental health therapy and I bring an afrocentric perspective into my work as a way to work towards decolonizing our minds and bodies in the way we think. I provide support around topics such as anxiety, depression, trauma, race, gender, sexuality, navigating relationships, navigating interpersonal conflicts, and life changes.
I work with Adults and youth (+13) and thrive most when I am serving queer and trans communities and black and brown communities. My hope is to support folks process different struggles coming up in their lives. I provide LGBTQIA+ affirming mental health therapy and I bring an afrocentric perspective into my work as a way to work towards decolonizing our minds and bodies in the way we think. I provide support around topics such as anxiety, depression, trauma, race, gender, sexuality, navigating relationships, navigating interpersonal conflicts, and life changes.
(206) 775-7484 View (206) 775-7484
River Malone
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT-A
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367
I bring a holistic, empathetic approach to help individuals and families. My approach is all about understanding and healing together in a safe and caring way. Through talking and activities, we explore feelings and find paths to healing.
I bring a holistic, empathetic approach to help individuals and families. My approach is all about understanding and healing together in a safe and caring way. Through talking and activities, we explore feelings and find paths to healing.
(360) 347-2702 View (360) 347-2702
Photo of Amanda Hightower, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Orchard, WA
Amanda Hightower
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367  (Online Only)
If you are looking for someone to walk beside you as you navigate life’s challenges and pursue personal growth, I would be happy to journey with you. I work with adults and couples who are wanting to build healthy coping skills, overcome shame, find empowerment after trauma, develop healthy relationships, and/or simply want to discover more about who they are and how to build holistic health.
If you are looking for someone to walk beside you as you navigate life’s challenges and pursue personal growth, I would be happy to journey with you. I work with adults and couples who are wanting to build healthy coping skills, overcome shame, find empowerment after trauma, develop healthy relationships, and/or simply want to discover more about who they are and how to build holistic health.
(253) 215-8254 View (253) 215-8254
Photo of Glenda DeMatty, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
Glenda DeMatty
Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHC, MHP, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You are welcome here. Alder Wellness & Counseling, PLLC is named for the alder tree, a tree native to the Pacific Northwest known for its strength and balance, bridging and grounding. Often, our sense of well-being relies on finding balance in our lives. Emotional health is closely linked with physical and spiritual health. Sometimes, our well-being is thrown out of balance because of traumatic events, whether recent or from long ago. My goal is to help you find balance in your life in an individualized and holistic way.
You are welcome here. Alder Wellness & Counseling, PLLC is named for the alder tree, a tree native to the Pacific Northwest known for its strength and balance, bridging and grounding. Often, our sense of well-being relies on finding balance in our lives. Emotional health is closely linked with physical and spiritual health. Sometimes, our well-being is thrown out of balance because of traumatic events, whether recent or from long ago. My goal is to help you find balance in your life in an individualized and holistic way.
(253) 358-8649 View (253) 358-8649
Photo of Erika Hanson, Counselor in Port Orchard, WA
Erika Hanson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367  (Online Only)
I'm glad you took the first step, and are thinking about making a change to take a different direction in your life. That's the first step, is to acknowledge that you are struggling in a particular area and you are ready to take the next steps to change that direction and start heading towards the path that you had hoped and planned for yourself. Great work already! I'm glad you are here!
I'm glad you took the first step, and are thinking about making a change to take a different direction in your life. That's the first step, is to acknowledge that you are struggling in a particular area and you are ready to take the next steps to change that direction and start heading towards the path that you had hoped and planned for yourself. Great work already! I'm glad you are here!
(360) 392-5730 View (360) 392-5730
Photo of Corey M. Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Port Orchard, WA
Corey M. Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98367
Not accepting new clients
Have you found yourself avoiding certain places, conversations, or situations? Do you no longer engage in hobbies or activities you once enjoyed? Do you feel detached from others, or find it difficult to experience happiness and satisfaction? Are you having nightmares or difficulty sleeping? First responders have a front row seat to the best and worst of humanity. This can take a toll on you in a variety of ways. Sometimes images from calls keep returning. Hypervigilance and cumulative stress can leave you feeling restless, irritable, or fatigued. This can lead to resentment and negative beliefs about yourself and the world.
Have you found yourself avoiding certain places, conversations, or situations? Do you no longer engage in hobbies or activities you once enjoyed? Do you feel detached from others, or find it difficult to experience happiness and satisfaction? Are you having nightmares or difficulty sleeping? First responders have a front row seat to the best and worst of humanity. This can take a toll on you in a variety of ways. Sometimes images from calls keep returning. Hypervigilance and cumulative stress can leave you feeling restless, irritable, or fatigued. This can lead to resentment and negative beliefs about yourself and the world.
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Photo of Dr. Sara Chan, Psychologist in Port Orchard, WA
Dr. Sara Chan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
I am a Rehabilitation Psychologist specializing in neurorehabilitation & management of chronic medical illnesses. I offer telemedicine appointments in Washington State & PSYPACT-member states. I have additional expertise in providing individualized care to persons with complex injury or diseases affecting the brain or central nervous system. This can lead to more structured treatment plans. I can also offer more opportunities for participation with family members and loved ones.
I am a Rehabilitation Psychologist specializing in neurorehabilitation & management of chronic medical illnesses. I offer telemedicine appointments in Washington State & PSYPACT-member states. I have additional expertise in providing individualized care to persons with complex injury or diseases affecting the brain or central nervous system. This can lead to more structured treatment plans. I can also offer more opportunities for participation with family members and loved ones.
(360) 585-0159 View (360) 585-0159

See more therapy options for Port Orchard

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Port Orchard, WA

90+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Port Orchard, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
78% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Premera
65% Aetna
62% Regence

How Therapists in Port Orchard, WA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Port Orchard?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.