Therapists in 98101

Photo of Travis Gottschalk, Counselor, LMHC
Travis Gottschalk
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
I truly care for all of my clients and work diligently to help find them the answers they seek. I have worked with a variety of patients dealing with circumstances that are unique to their lives. I first started in the mental health field in 2014. Since that time, I have gained a wealth of experience serving clients in outpatient settings, Family Preservation Services for CPS, Hospital social work, crisis centers, and inpatient psychiatric units. I have been practicing private practice therapy for over 3 years.
I truly care for all of my clients and work diligently to help find them the answers they seek. I have worked with a variety of patients dealing with circumstances that are unique to their lives. I first started in the mental health field in 2014. Since that time, I have gained a wealth of experience serving clients in outpatient settings, Family Preservation Services for CPS, Hospital social work, crisis centers, and inpatient psychiatric units. I have been practicing private practice therapy for over 3 years.
(206) 672-8951 View (206) 672-8951
Photo of Melissa Grossman, Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Melissa Grossman
Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Online Only
My name is Melissa Grossman, and I am a licensed mental health therapist for Washington State. My therapeutic approach in supporting clients who are faced with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and more, is based on trust, client-centricity, and mindfulness. I work with clients who are challenged by anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, eating disorders, and stress management.
My name is Melissa Grossman, and I am a licensed mental health therapist for Washington State. My therapeutic approach in supporting clients who are faced with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and more, is based on trust, client-centricity, and mindfulness. I work with clients who are challenged by anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, eating disorders, and stress management.
(206) 309-7048 View (206) 309-7048
Photo of Sean Michael Carvey, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sean Michael Carvey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I strive to consistently bring my own sense of authenticity to every session as I believe that therapy at its core is successful due to the relationship between clinician and client. As your therapist I promise to be present, challenge you gently but firmly when you need me to, and to empathically and truly care about what you have to say. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field addressing issues ranging from depression/anxiety to substance use to feelings around gender and sexuality. I work with individuals and families and have a strong passion working with couples and relationships.
I strive to consistently bring my own sense of authenticity to every session as I believe that therapy at its core is successful due to the relationship between clinician and client. As your therapist I promise to be present, challenge you gently but firmly when you need me to, and to empathically and truly care about what you have to say. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health field addressing issues ranging from depression/anxiety to substance use to feelings around gender and sexuality. I work with individuals and families and have a strong passion working with couples and relationships.
(206) 207-8215 View (206) 207-8215
Photo of Robert Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Robert Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Robert Peterson is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over 30 years of experience helping children, adolescents, and adults overcome life's challenges. Having spent much of his career in international school settings, Robert has deep expertise in helping youth cope with cultural adjustment, displacement, isolation, and stress. Utilizing evidence-based approaches including CBT and solution-focused therapy, Robert develops resilience in clients facing trauma, grief, relationship conflicts, and other crises.
Robert Peterson is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over 30 years of experience helping children, adolescents, and adults overcome life's challenges. Having spent much of his career in international school settings, Robert has deep expertise in helping youth cope with cultural adjustment, displacement, isolation, and stress. Utilizing evidence-based approaches including CBT and solution-focused therapy, Robert develops resilience in clients facing trauma, grief, relationship conflicts, and other crises.
(206) 759-8268 View (206) 759-8268
Photo of Christina Sheehan, Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Christina Sheehan
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LPC, LMHC
Online Only
Radical Counseling for High Sensitive People. What is 'Radical', you ask? You Get to Rest. Rest from people-pleasing, rest from overwhelm, rest from shame, and rest from self-blame. Did you just feel that relief?! .......Maybe a big sigh? Each week you and your sensitive system get a chance to bask in a judgment and rejection free space where you begin to hear yourself again.
Radical Counseling for High Sensitive People. What is 'Radical', you ask? You Get to Rest. Rest from people-pleasing, rest from overwhelm, rest from shame, and rest from self-blame. Did you just feel that relief?! .......Maybe a big sigh? Each week you and your sensitive system get a chance to bask in a judgment and rejection free space where you begin to hear yourself again.
(206) 496-0427 View (206) 496-0427
Photo of Catherine Teotico-Lee, Psychologist, PsyD
Catherine Teotico-Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Do insecurities or anxieties weigh heavily on your mind? Are you grappling with procrastination, feeling inundated with tasks? Perhaps recent life changes or world events have left you feeling drained and disheartened? Have you ever felt sidelined or marginalized? If any of these resonate with you, therapy offers a supportive avenue for healing. It's time you feel happy, empowered, motivated, secure, supported, confident, and loved. Together, we'll clarify your goals, implement actionable steps, and forge a path toward a fulfilling life that resonates with your core values.
Do insecurities or anxieties weigh heavily on your mind? Are you grappling with procrastination, feeling inundated with tasks? Perhaps recent life changes or world events have left you feeling drained and disheartened? Have you ever felt sidelined or marginalized? If any of these resonate with you, therapy offers a supportive avenue for healing. It's time you feel happy, empowered, motivated, secure, supported, confident, and loved. Together, we'll clarify your goals, implement actionable steps, and forge a path toward a fulfilling life that resonates with your core values.
(206) 752-5235 View (206) 752-5235
Photo of Carie Cook, Counselor, LMHCA
Carie Cook
Counselor, LMHCA
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98101
Being human is challenging. Am I enough? Too much? Feelings of anxiety and inadequacy can interfere with one’s ability to connect with the self and others. Personal growth requires integration of the mind, body, and soul. Understanding past wounds, exploring difficult emotions and identifying behavioral patterns are steps to creating more fulfilling relationships and providing relief from pain and hurt in one’s life. With empathy, acceptance, and openness, I aim to be a guide along your path toward self-discovery, authenticity, and belonging. *I am an LGBTQIA+ Kink/Poly Ally, I believe in social justice and racial equity.
Being human is challenging. Am I enough? Too much? Feelings of anxiety and inadequacy can interfere with one’s ability to connect with the self and others. Personal growth requires integration of the mind, body, and soul. Understanding past wounds, exploring difficult emotions and identifying behavioral patterns are steps to creating more fulfilling relationships and providing relief from pain and hurt in one’s life. With empathy, acceptance, and openness, I aim to be a guide along your path toward self-discovery, authenticity, and belonging. *I am an LGBTQIA+ Kink/Poly Ally, I believe in social justice and racial equity.
(206) 278-3484 View (206) 278-3484
Photo of Nina Lane, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Nina Lane
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Seattle, WA 98101
Do you feel stuck? Are you sad or anxious? Are you having difficulty managing your relationships or experiencing self-esteem issues? My psychotherapy practice can help you rediscover and expand your personal strengths and self-knowledge in order to deal with the challenges in your life. I understand the courage it takes to make the first step into therapy and I focus on creating a safe environment for you to build towards a happier life. I have extensive training in issues related to loss and grief, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma.
Do you feel stuck? Are you sad or anxious? Are you having difficulty managing your relationships or experiencing self-esteem issues? My psychotherapy practice can help you rediscover and expand your personal strengths and self-knowledge in order to deal with the challenges in your life. I understand the courage it takes to make the first step into therapy and I focus on creating a safe environment for you to build towards a happier life. I have extensive training in issues related to loss and grief, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma.
(206) 504-3014 View (206) 504-3014
Photo of Emma Watson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Emma Watson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
My name is Emma Jane Watson, and I am an independently licensed clinical social worker. I believe that everyone deserves to enjoy contentment and stability without chronic suffering. I bring my knowledge, skills, and lived experience to therapy in order to help clients achieve their life goals. Making changes can be hard, but changing doesn’t have to be painful. I work side-by-side with my clients employing deep understanding, safety, and a sense of humor. By using various treatment modalities, such as DBT, CBT, ACT, EMDR, mindfulness, somatic work, and trauma healing, together we craft interventions that work for you.
My name is Emma Jane Watson, and I am an independently licensed clinical social worker. I believe that everyone deserves to enjoy contentment and stability without chronic suffering. I bring my knowledge, skills, and lived experience to therapy in order to help clients achieve their life goals. Making changes can be hard, but changing doesn’t have to be painful. I work side-by-side with my clients employing deep understanding, safety, and a sense of humor. By using various treatment modalities, such as DBT, CBT, ACT, EMDR, mindfulness, somatic work, and trauma healing, together we craft interventions that work for you.
(425) 474-3388 View (425) 474-3388
Photo of Kira Kolba, Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, MS, LMHCA
Kira Kolba
Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, MS, LMHCA
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life is full of challenges that can make it difficult for us to move forward. Sometimes it takes feeling understood and supported to find perspective that allows us to navigate them with greater clarity and empowerment. I would be honored to help you with this process. Since the counseling relationship involves vulnerability and acceptance, it is important to find a 'right fit' counselor. I will work to understand you and collaborate with you to help you reach your goals, and move into a space where you feel greater peace and hope.
Life is full of challenges that can make it difficult for us to move forward. Sometimes it takes feeling understood and supported to find perspective that allows us to navigate them with greater clarity and empowerment. I would be honored to help you with this process. Since the counseling relationship involves vulnerability and acceptance, it is important to find a 'right fit' counselor. I will work to understand you and collaborate with you to help you reach your goals, and move into a space where you feel greater peace and hope.
(253) 263-1038 View (253) 263-1038
Photo of Dr. Misty Gibson - FlowArt Therapy, Counselor, PhD ACS, LMHC, ATR-BC, CST, ATCS
FlowArt Therapy
Counselor, PhD ACS, LMHC, ATR-BC, CST, ATCS
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Neuroqueer Folx, come check out FlowArt Therapy! We offer EMDR, Art Therapy, and Sex Therapy for folx in the kink community, people in polyamorous and alternative relationships, people who are neurodivergent, and LGBTQ+, women, trans, and nonbinary folks with traumatic backgrounds to promote sex positivity. We have many therapists who offer sliding scale costs as low as $30 per session, and are taking new clients, and are directly supervised by me, Dr. Misty. Please see our website at www.flowartwa.com I am an Aasect Certified Sex Therapist.
Neuroqueer Folx, come check out FlowArt Therapy! We offer EMDR, Art Therapy, and Sex Therapy for folx in the kink community, people in polyamorous and alternative relationships, people who are neurodivergent, and LGBTQ+, women, trans, and nonbinary folks with traumatic backgrounds to promote sex positivity. We have many therapists who offer sliding scale costs as low as $30 per session, and are taking new clients, and are directly supervised by me, Dr. Misty. Please see our website at www.flowartwa.com I am an Aasect Certified Sex Therapist.
(253) 201-2436 View (253) 201-2436
Photo of Elizabeth Hernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Elizabeth Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Elizabeth Hernandez or Liz is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who received her Master's degree from Lewis and Clark University in Portland Oregon. She has experience working with adults and teens that are looking to reduce anxiety, burnout, and depression and have previously been diagnosed with ADHD/ADD. Liz pulls from Emotionally Focused, Client-Centered, Solution Focused, Narrative, and Attachment-Based Theories. She utilizes collaborative treatment planning to ensure that individuals are part of their therapeutic journey throughout their time working with Liz.
Elizabeth Hernandez or Liz is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who received her Master's degree from Lewis and Clark University in Portland Oregon. She has experience working with adults and teens that are looking to reduce anxiety, burnout, and depression and have previously been diagnosed with ADHD/ADD. Liz pulls from Emotionally Focused, Client-Centered, Solution Focused, Narrative, and Attachment-Based Theories. She utilizes collaborative treatment planning to ensure that individuals are part of their therapeutic journey throughout their time working with Liz.
(425) 375-7963 View (425) 375-7963
Photo of Aaron Parker, Psychologist, PsyD
Aaron Parker
Psychologist, PsyD
Seattle, WA 98101
Waitlist for new clients
You are on the verge of taking a brave step. Perhaps you have encountered a new challenge, or have realized you need a new way of coping with an old problem. Often this is a moment of crisis, and at the same time, an opportunity to learn and to grow. I am passionate about working with clients who are coping with major life changes. If a medical condition (e.g. brain injury, post-concussion syndrome, stroke, spinal injury, chronic dizziness/pain, chronic illness or critical illness/COVID) has affected you or your loved one, or if your quality of life is impacted by treatable conditions such as PTSD or anxiety, we may be a good fit.
You are on the verge of taking a brave step. Perhaps you have encountered a new challenge, or have realized you need a new way of coping with an old problem. Often this is a moment of crisis, and at the same time, an opportunity to learn and to grow. I am passionate about working with clients who are coping with major life changes. If a medical condition (e.g. brain injury, post-concussion syndrome, stroke, spinal injury, chronic dizziness/pain, chronic illness or critical illness/COVID) has affected you or your loved one, or if your quality of life is impacted by treatable conditions such as PTSD or anxiety, we may be a good fit.
(833) 950-1872 View (833) 950-1872
Photo of Ben Packard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Ben Packard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Seattle, WA 98101
My focus is on teens, young adults, and parents of children with challenging behaviors. I feel humbled to work with families from all walks of life. My twin passions are treating teens and adults struggling with anxiety, sadness, and thoughts of suicide and providing coaching to parents who want to help their kids thrive. You are the expert on your life. You decide your goals for treatment. My role is to be a guide. Whether you want a guide to the next block, across town, or for a long journey, I am confident we can achieve your goal. One step at a time.
My focus is on teens, young adults, and parents of children with challenging behaviors. I feel humbled to work with families from all walks of life. My twin passions are treating teens and adults struggling with anxiety, sadness, and thoughts of suicide and providing coaching to parents who want to help their kids thrive. You are the expert on your life. You decide your goals for treatment. My role is to be a guide. Whether you want a guide to the next block, across town, or for a long journey, I am confident we can achieve your goal. One step at a time.
(360) 200-0320 View (360) 200-0320
Photo of Crystal Mathieson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Crystal Mathieson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm a kink-involved, neurodiversity-affirming therapist offering nonjudgmental, trauma-informed support for those exploring BDSM, power exchange, polyamory, and nontraditional relationships. I also work with clients ages 10 and up, including teens, adults, and families regarding anxiety, depression, harm reduction and relationship issues. Sessions are flexible: video, audio, or secure text-based therapy after an initial video (per WA State). Many clients appreciate the space messaging allows. Evening and weekend availability. If you want therapy that meets you where you are, I invite you to reach out.
I'm a kink-involved, neurodiversity-affirming therapist offering nonjudgmental, trauma-informed support for those exploring BDSM, power exchange, polyamory, and nontraditional relationships. I also work with clients ages 10 and up, including teens, adults, and families regarding anxiety, depression, harm reduction and relationship issues. Sessions are flexible: video, audio, or secure text-based therapy after an initial video (per WA State). Many clients appreciate the space messaging allows. Evening and weekend availability. If you want therapy that meets you where you are, I invite you to reach out.
(425) 842-1925 View (425) 842-1925
Photo of Andrew Paves, Psychologist, LCP
Andrew Paves
Psychologist, LCP
Online Only
I’m Dr. Andrew Paves (feel free to call me Andy), a licensed clinical psychologist passionate about racial identity development, intergenerational trauma, and enhancing motivation to change behaviors. Throughout my graduate training and professional career, I have worked with a variety of clients across the lifespan including individuals affected by trauma, depression, anxiety, chronic medical conditions, alcohol and substance use, as well as individuals from underrepresented backgrounds.
I’m Dr. Andrew Paves (feel free to call me Andy), a licensed clinical psychologist passionate about racial identity development, intergenerational trauma, and enhancing motivation to change behaviors. Throughout my graduate training and professional career, I have worked with a variety of clients across the lifespan including individuals affected by trauma, depression, anxiety, chronic medical conditions, alcohol and substance use, as well as individuals from underrepresented backgrounds.
(425) 363-9827 View (425) 363-9827
Photo of Dr. Helen Kornfeld, Counselor, PsyD, LMHCA
Dr. Helen Kornfeld
Counselor, PsyD, LMHCA
4 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98101
You may be struggling with interpersonal connections, whether with others or with yourself. Perhaps you feel isolated, misunderstood, or overwhelmed by the complexities of life, seeking a space where you can be seen and heard without judgment. You might have faced challenges around mental health, such as anxiety, depression, or loneliness, and your goals may include fostering self-compassion, building healthier relationships, developing healthier coping skills, and finding meaning in your daily life. Together we can create a therapy process that supports you holistically, helping you build the life and connections you truly want.
You may be struggling with interpersonal connections, whether with others or with yourself. Perhaps you feel isolated, misunderstood, or overwhelmed by the complexities of life, seeking a space where you can be seen and heard without judgment. You might have faced challenges around mental health, such as anxiety, depression, or loneliness, and your goals may include fostering self-compassion, building healthier relationships, developing healthier coping skills, and finding meaning in your daily life. Together we can create a therapy process that supports you holistically, helping you build the life and connections you truly want.
(425) 671-4292 View (425) 671-4292
Photo of Hannah Beth, Licensed Mental Health Counselor , LMHC
Hannah Beth
Licensed Mental Health Counselor , LMHC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Washington State Approved Supervisor, specializing in helping individuals and couples untangle the knots of trauma, emotional distress, and relationship struggles. My approach is nurturing, straightforward, and trauma-informed. I believe that healing isn’t about fixing what’s broken— it’s about remembering what has always been right and finding the clarity, resilience, and self-trust to move forward.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Washington State Approved Supervisor, specializing in helping individuals and couples untangle the knots of trauma, emotional distress, and relationship struggles. My approach is nurturing, straightforward, and trauma-informed. I believe that healing isn’t about fixing what’s broken— it’s about remembering what has always been right and finding the clarity, resilience, and self-trust to move forward.
(509) 384-3897 View (509) 384-3897
Photo of Azra Grudic, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Azra Grudic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Azra Grudic and I am an independently licensed clinical social worker specializing in supporting professionals and volunteers who experience vicarious trauma in the animal welfare sector. I also assist pet owners in coping with grief, loss, and challenging diagnoses.
My name is Azra Grudic and I am an independently licensed clinical social worker specializing in supporting professionals and volunteers who experience vicarious trauma in the animal welfare sector. I also assist pet owners in coping with grief, loss, and challenging diagnoses.
(425) 842-0760 View (425) 842-0760
Photo of Galen Kerrick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Galen Kerrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker based in Rhode Island but licensed in MA and WA state. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to cultivate a positive, compassionate relationship with themselves, and to build the tools to navigate the challenges they may be facing and move towards their goals in life.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker based in Rhode Island but licensed in MA and WA state. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to cultivate a positive, compassionate relationship with themselves, and to build the tools to navigate the challenges they may be facing and move towards their goals in life.
(206) 736-1784 View (206) 736-1784

See more therapy options for 98101

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 98101

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 98101 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
65% Premera Blue Cross
60% Regence

How Therapists in 98101 see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 98101?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.