Photo of Terri Ellen Spreitzer - Bridges Community Health, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW, PMHNP, DNP
Bridges Community Health
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW, PMHNP, DNP
Eugene, OR 97401
Bridges Community Health is a growing therapy and prescribing collective serving Lane County, Eugene/Springfield and Cottage Grove. We provide therapy and medication management services. We are here to help you set and meet your goals. We provide individual, family, teen, play and couple's therapy. We currently have a wait list but work hard to be available to you and to set your initial appointment in a timely manner. We offer both in person and teletherapy sessions. We understand the stressors you are facing today and want to help you succeed in making positive and lasting change.
Bridges Community Health is a growing therapy and prescribing collective serving Lane County, Eugene/Springfield and Cottage Grove. We provide therapy and medication management services. We are here to help you set and meet your goals. We provide individual, family, teen, play and couple's therapy. We currently have a wait list but work hard to be available to you and to set your initial appointment in a timely manner. We offer both in person and teletherapy sessions. We understand the stressors you are facing today and want to help you succeed in making positive and lasting change.
(541) 359-3717 View (541) 359-3717
Photo of Markham S Giblin, Psychologist, PhD
Markham S Giblin
Psychologist, PhD
Eugene, OR 97401
My clients are teens/young adults /adults highly motivated to change mood/ symptoms/relationships. They suffer from Anxiety, Social Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Tics, Trichotillomania, Panic Disorder, Depression, Bipolar Disorder. They learn new strategies needed to make lasting changes through CBT, Exposure Therapy, ACT, Mindfulness, mood regulation techniques & via weekly homework. My clients are not children or couples; they do not suffer from Eating Disorders, Personality Disorders, Trauma/PTSD, ADHD or anything that I do not list. They are not insured by Medicare/Advantage Plans, Medicaid/OHP, Cigna, Magellan, MHN, Optum, United, UBH
My clients are teens/young adults /adults highly motivated to change mood/ symptoms/relationships. They suffer from Anxiety, Social Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Tics, Trichotillomania, Panic Disorder, Depression, Bipolar Disorder. They learn new strategies needed to make lasting changes through CBT, Exposure Therapy, ACT, Mindfulness, mood regulation techniques & via weekly homework. My clients are not children or couples; they do not suffer from Eating Disorders, Personality Disorders, Trauma/PTSD, ADHD or anything that I do not list. They are not insured by Medicare/Advantage Plans, Medicaid/OHP, Cigna, Magellan, MHN, Optum, United, UBH
(541) 393-8130 View (541) 393-8130
Photo of Irene Stamis, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Irene Stamis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Eugene, OR 97401
Waitlist for new clients
A primary area of focus I have in my practice is to understand the systemic and contextual factors of clients. I also value the approach of looking into the nature of the relationships between those involved with a particular problem or situation. As a therapist it is my goal to offer a safe and respectful environment free from judgment. This environment enables clients to safely identify and explore their current situation in hope of successfully uncovering and developing the resources and strengths necessary for growth and resolution.
A primary area of focus I have in my practice is to understand the systemic and contextual factors of clients. I also value the approach of looking into the nature of the relationships between those involved with a particular problem or situation. As a therapist it is my goal to offer a safe and respectful environment free from judgment. This environment enables clients to safely identify and explore their current situation in hope of successfully uncovering and developing the resources and strengths necessary for growth and resolution.
(541) 214-2772 View (541) 214-2772
Photo of Melanie Sellers, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Melanie Sellers
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Eugene, OR 97401
I believe that therapy facilitates a transformative process and our sessions will aim to facilitate your journey toward wholeness and self-discovery. The pace of our work will be guided by your comfort and readiness. I believe that nature provides a unique perspective to the therapy process and that nature is always a part of us. Exploring metaphors within nature may enhance our discussions and contribute to the holistic nature of your therapeutic journey.
I believe that therapy facilitates a transformative process and our sessions will aim to facilitate your journey toward wholeness and self-discovery. The pace of our work will be guided by your comfort and readiness. I believe that nature provides a unique perspective to the therapy process and that nature is always a part of us. Exploring metaphors within nature may enhance our discussions and contribute to the holistic nature of your therapeutic journey.
(541) 537-8747 View (541) 537-8747
Photo of Christopher Smith, Psychologist, PsyD
Christopher Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
I am currently accepting new clients (Updated May 2025). I understand it is difficult to seek help. Often, the idea of therapy can feel overwhelming, especially if it is the first time. I strive to make the therapeutic process comfortable and accessible. I use a direct style of therapy and evidence-based approaches and help clients take an active approach to making change in their lives. I work to build upon the strengths you already have and help you continue to live a more valued life.
I am currently accepting new clients (Updated May 2025). I understand it is difficult to seek help. Often, the idea of therapy can feel overwhelming, especially if it is the first time. I strive to make the therapeutic process comfortable and accessible. I use a direct style of therapy and evidence-based approaches and help clients take an active approach to making change in their lives. I work to build upon the strengths you already have and help you continue to live a more valued life.
(541) 515-7800 View (541) 515-7800
Photo of Emily A Pyle, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Emily A Pyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Eugene, OR 97401
Not accepting new clients
However you are feeling at this moment, you have deep, natural sources of resilience inside you. My job as a therapist is to help you tap into the resources of your mind, body, and spirit, so that you can take charge of your own healing and growth. Often, the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors causing us the most difficulty right now have their roots in old coping strategies that once helped us to survive and care for ourselves. If you are struggling or stuck now, it may be because you are ready to let go of these old patterns and find new ways of being.
However you are feeling at this moment, you have deep, natural sources of resilience inside you. My job as a therapist is to help you tap into the resources of your mind, body, and spirit, so that you can take charge of your own healing and growth. Often, the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors causing us the most difficulty right now have their roots in old coping strategies that once helped us to survive and care for ourselves. If you are struggling or stuck now, it may be because you are ready to let go of these old patterns and find new ways of being.
(541) 735-9034 View (541) 735-9034
Photo of Thomas Veeman, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-A , MA
Thomas Veeman
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-A , MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! My name is Thomas, and I have returned to my true passion in therapy after a decade as an entrepreneur and corporate leadership trainer. In life, the strategies that worked to survive a past context often block the flow of happiness in our present lives. I work with couples, families, and individuals to help unlock that joyful, present-moment version of ourselves. My toolbox draws from Narrative Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy, and especially Internal Family Systems (IFS).
Hello! My name is Thomas, and I have returned to my true passion in therapy after a decade as an entrepreneur and corporate leadership trainer. In life, the strategies that worked to survive a past context often block the flow of happiness in our present lives. I work with couples, families, and individuals to help unlock that joyful, present-moment version of ourselves. My toolbox draws from Narrative Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Emotion-Focused Therapy, and especially Internal Family Systems (IFS).
(458) 236-1857 View (458) 236-1857
Photo of Becca Perry, LPC Intern, MA, NCC
Becca Perry
LPC Intern, MA, NCC
Eugene, OR 97401
I enjoy working with individuals and partners of diverse backgrounds and relational configurations. I am accepting new clients.
I enjoy working with individuals and partners of diverse backgrounds and relational configurations. I am accepting new clients.
(458) 217-8217 View (458) 217-8217
Photo of K. Jeong Yoon Janney, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
K. Jeong Yoon Janney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
7 Endorsed
Online Only
As a therapist, I believe that we are capable of many things. We have resources within ourselves to move through the difficulties that come with life. I view my approach to therapy as client-centered, strengths-based, intersectional feminist, neurodivergent-affirming, and fat liberationist. As a client-centered therapist, I will focus on your therapeutic goals and the best way to achieve them using your strengths. I view my work as walking beside you on your journey rather than leading the way.
As a therapist, I believe that we are capable of many things. We have resources within ourselves to move through the difficulties that come with life. I view my approach to therapy as client-centered, strengths-based, intersectional feminist, neurodivergent-affirming, and fat liberationist. As a client-centered therapist, I will focus on your therapeutic goals and the best way to achieve them using your strengths. I view my work as walking beside you on your journey rather than leading the way.
(541) 378-6799 View (541) 378-6799
Photo of Annelise Heitman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Annelise Heitman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
I provide a holistic, strengths based, and non-pathologizing approach to wellness. I am a compassionate listener and active participant in helping people realize self-compassion and acceptance so they can heal past wounds and make changes in their lives that allow them to fully realize who they are at their core. Through use of sensorimotor/somatic therapy, EMDR and IFS (you can read more about these on my website), I help people learn to listen to their bodies and their internal wisdom so they can make choices that are in line with their values and hold themselves with more confidence and ease.
I provide a holistic, strengths based, and non-pathologizing approach to wellness. I am a compassionate listener and active participant in helping people realize self-compassion and acceptance so they can heal past wounds and make changes in their lives that allow them to fully realize who they are at their core. Through use of sensorimotor/somatic therapy, EMDR and IFS (you can read more about these on my website), I help people learn to listen to their bodies and their internal wisdom so they can make choices that are in line with their values and hold themselves with more confidence and ease.
(541) 647-2489 View (541) 647-2489
Photo of Chad J Bryson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS MFT
Chad J Bryson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS MFT
Eugene, OR 97401
He earned his Master’s degree in Marriage & Family Therapy (M.S. MFT) at Oregon Institute of Technology, where he received specialized training and certification in Integrated Behavioral Healthcare, Medical Family Therapy and Advanced Systemic Addictions Counseling. Chad has experience supporting clients with substance abuse, addiction and the management of complex biopsychosocial health concerns. Before entering the therapy field, Chad worked as a pastor in a local Christian church. During his time as a pastor, he served alongside youth, couples and families providing pastoral counseling and support through various life-challenges.
He earned his Master’s degree in Marriage & Family Therapy (M.S. MFT) at Oregon Institute of Technology, where he received specialized training and certification in Integrated Behavioral Healthcare, Medical Family Therapy and Advanced Systemic Addictions Counseling. Chad has experience supporting clients with substance abuse, addiction and the management of complex biopsychosocial health concerns. Before entering the therapy field, Chad worked as a pastor in a local Christian church. During his time as a pastor, he served alongside youth, couples and families providing pastoral counseling and support through various life-challenges.
(458) 232-4797 View (458) 232-4797
Photo of Bradley Cohn - Invictus Therapy and Consultation, Psychologist, PhD, LP, LCSW, MFT, LPC-A
Invictus Therapy and Consultation
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LCSW, MFT, LPC-A
Eugene, OR 97401
Immediate openings for Pacific Source! My office has 5 therapists accepting Pacific Source (OHP and Commercial) and Trillium clients. We work with individuals, families, and couples of all ages, cultures, and backgrounds. We have training and experience working with individuals with ADHD, grief and loss, DID, psychosis, on the autism spectrum, in foster care, co-parenting, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, PTSD, parenting skills, school problems, defiant behaviors and family reintegration. We have a clinician fluent in Spanish with much experience conducting therapy in Spanish.
Immediate openings for Pacific Source! My office has 5 therapists accepting Pacific Source (OHP and Commercial) and Trillium clients. We work with individuals, families, and couples of all ages, cultures, and backgrounds. We have training and experience working with individuals with ADHD, grief and loss, DID, psychosis, on the autism spectrum, in foster care, co-parenting, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, PTSD, parenting skills, school problems, defiant behaviors and family reintegration. We have a clinician fluent in Spanish with much experience conducting therapy in Spanish.
(458) 209-3144 View (458) 209-3144
Photo of Dr. Jingqing Liu, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Jingqing Liu
Psychologist, PhD
Eugene, OR 97401
Waitlist for new clients
Many of my clients come to me with emotional wounds. They often felt invisible, rejected, devalued, or deeply hurt by others. They learned to adapt to the unsupportive environment by judging themselves, tensing up, trying to control everything, disconnecting from themselves, numbing their feelings, not trusting others, hiding, or trying to please everyone. As time goes by, these strategies stop working and become symptoms we label as depression, anxiety, disordered eating, substance use, PTSD, self-harm, etc. I work with clients to break free from the past and live life in the way they want.
Many of my clients come to me with emotional wounds. They often felt invisible, rejected, devalued, or deeply hurt by others. They learned to adapt to the unsupportive environment by judging themselves, tensing up, trying to control everything, disconnecting from themselves, numbing their feelings, not trusting others, hiding, or trying to please everyone. As time goes by, these strategies stop working and become symptoms we label as depression, anxiety, disordered eating, substance use, PTSD, self-harm, etc. I work with clients to break free from the past and live life in the way they want.
(541) 262-6845 View (541) 262-6845
Photo of Galyn Forster, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Galyn Forster
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Not accepting new clients
Do you long for personal growth and happiness but find yourself struggling with old wounds, criticism, anxiety and self defeating behaviors? The individuals I work with learn to tap into their own natural instinct to heal and thrive. With 30 years experience, I am skilled at helping people find competence and meaning when they thought there was no hope. Together in the adventure of counseling, we explore how your life experiences, relationships and natural mind-body systems currently serve you - well, not so well or quite badly - and then work together to restore strength, balance and vitality.
Do you long for personal growth and happiness but find yourself struggling with old wounds, criticism, anxiety and self defeating behaviors? The individuals I work with learn to tap into their own natural instinct to heal and thrive. With 30 years experience, I am skilled at helping people find competence and meaning when they thought there was no hope. Together in the adventure of counseling, we explore how your life experiences, relationships and natural mind-body systems currently serve you - well, not so well or quite badly - and then work together to restore strength, balance and vitality.
(541) 246-6040 View (541) 246-6040
Photo of Ally Fraga - Willamette Sky Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Willamette Sky Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-A
Eugene, OR 97401
Welcome, I am Ally. I believe all people deserve to live a fulfilling life. Individuals often experience hardships, transitions and change that can be challenging. My goal is to provide clients with a comfortable environment be heard, supported and respected while exploring challenges or transitions that may arise in life. I believe clients are the experts in their own lives and we can work collaboratively to explore solutions when people are feeling stuck. We can explore innate strengths individuals already possess to promote positive growth.
Welcome, I am Ally. I believe all people deserve to live a fulfilling life. Individuals often experience hardships, transitions and change that can be challenging. My goal is to provide clients with a comfortable environment be heard, supported and respected while exploring challenges or transitions that may arise in life. I believe clients are the experts in their own lives and we can work collaboratively to explore solutions when people are feeling stuck. We can explore innate strengths individuals already possess to promote positive growth.
(458) 234-6627 View (458) 234-6627
Photo of Yazmin Cardena, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Yazmin Cardena
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Yazmin Cardena and I am 48 years old. I live in Texas but work for the state of Oregon as a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have experience across a variety of settings including outpatient specialty clinics, crisis intervention, structured outpatient programs, and private practice. My approach emphasizes the mutual development of goals for therapy. Seeking therapy can be challenging at first, so congratulations for taking the first step. I truly believe in therapy and wish you can overcome the roadblocks in your recovery.
My name is Yazmin Cardena and I am 48 years old. I live in Texas but work for the state of Oregon as a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have experience across a variety of settings including outpatient specialty clinics, crisis intervention, structured outpatient programs, and private practice. My approach emphasizes the mutual development of goals for therapy. Seeking therapy can be challenging at first, so congratulations for taking the first step. I truly believe in therapy and wish you can overcome the roadblocks in your recovery.
(971) 414-3576 View (971) 414-3576
Photo of Brenna Winn, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brenna Winn
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Hi! My name is Brenna and I’m a professional counselor associate. I received my Master of Counseling from Oregon State University in 2023, though I have worked in the mental health field in some capacity since 2004. My approach to counseling is person-centered and solution-focused. While I employ therapeutic techniques from a variety of theories – internal family systems, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and Gestalt, mostly – my goal is to use what works best for each individual.
Hi! My name is Brenna and I’m a professional counselor associate. I received my Master of Counseling from Oregon State University in 2023, though I have worked in the mental health field in some capacity since 2004. My approach to counseling is person-centered and solution-focused. While I employ therapeutic techniques from a variety of theories – internal family systems, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and Gestalt, mostly – my goal is to use what works best for each individual.
(458) 309-2645 View (458) 309-2645
Photo of Randolph Hart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Randolph Hart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Eugene, OR 97401
As a licensed clinical social worker, I have over 20 years of experience in providing quality, clientcentered therapeutic interventions to a variety of populations, to include comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning. I prefer to use a solutionfocused therapy that identifies chronic and acute symptoms and then looks for healthy, realistic solutions. I believe that every human being is important and has great potential for success and happiness. Furthermore, I strongly believe that everyone has the capacity to heal and recover, given the right tools and interventions.
As a licensed clinical social worker, I have over 20 years of experience in providing quality, clientcentered therapeutic interventions to a variety of populations, to include comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning. I prefer to use a solutionfocused therapy that identifies chronic and acute symptoms and then looks for healthy, realistic solutions. I believe that every human being is important and has great potential for success and happiness. Furthermore, I strongly believe that everyone has the capacity to heal and recover, given the right tools and interventions.
(541) 876-8196 View (541) 876-8196
Photo of Jill Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Jill Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Eugene, OR 97401
Accepting New Clients- I take Pacific Source Commercial plans, Providence and Regence Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance and private pay. (I do not take Pacific Source Community Solutions/OHP) You are unique and worthy of unconditional acceptance and care. My goal is to provide a safe place for you to find hope and healing in your life.
Accepting New Clients- I take Pacific Source Commercial plans, Providence and Regence Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance and private pay. (I do not take Pacific Source Community Solutions/OHP) You are unique and worthy of unconditional acceptance and care. My goal is to provide a safe place for you to find hope and healing in your life.
(541) 833-2889 View (541) 833-2889
Photo of Emily Johnson - Center for Transformative Healing , Marriage & Family Therapist
Center for Transformative Healing
Marriage & Family Therapist
Eugene, OR 97401
Transformative healing is possible. We have felt it, and we know that sometimes people simply need support, guidance, and someone to walk alongside them in their time of need. At our center we strive to meet people where they are in their healing journey, in their transformations. We know that accessing therapy can be daunting, and sometimes scary, so we want to let you know that "we get it" and we will work to honor wherever you find yourself when you take the courageous step to seek support. Central to our center is the offering of individual/relational/group mental health services to, yet we are excited to encompass much more.
Transformative healing is possible. We have felt it, and we know that sometimes people simply need support, guidance, and someone to walk alongside them in their time of need. At our center we strive to meet people where they are in their healing journey, in their transformations. We know that accessing therapy can be daunting, and sometimes scary, so we want to let you know that "we get it" and we will work to honor wherever you find yourself when you take the courageous step to seek support. Central to our center is the offering of individual/relational/group mental health services to, yet we are excited to encompass much more.
(458) 217-1321 View (458) 217-1321
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See more therapy options for 97401

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97401

600+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 97401 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
70% Grief
69% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% PacificSource
55% BlueCross and BlueShield
53% Regence

How Therapists in 97401 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97401?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.