Therapists in McMinnville, OR

Photo of Hope for the Journey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McMinnville, OR
Hope for the Journey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
My experience as an adoptive, foster and biological mom opened my eyes to mental health and I/DD needs as well as the effects of trauma. For 12 years I worked in county mental health serving initially as a skills trainer in homes, schools and the community. For 5 years I was a wraparound care coordinator, which inspired me to pursue my master’s degree in social work. Since 2017 I have provided therapy in both clinic and school settings. I mostly see clients with PTSD, depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties and relational stresses. We address the effects on your total person: biological, psychological, social and spiritual.
My experience as an adoptive, foster and biological mom opened my eyes to mental health and I/DD needs as well as the effects of trauma. For 12 years I worked in county mental health serving initially as a skills trainer in homes, schools and the community. For 5 years I was a wraparound care coordinator, which inspired me to pursue my master’s degree in social work. Since 2017 I have provided therapy in both clinic and school settings. I mostly see clients with PTSD, depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties and relational stresses. We address the effects on your total person: biological, psychological, social and spiritual.
(971) 290-2178 View (971) 290-2178
Photo of Julia Jakubowski in McMinnville, OR
Julia Jakubowski
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
My clients are often those keenly aware of the complex time we live in, and are interested to understand what is keeping them from having the vibrant life they seek. You are doing "all the right things," and yet you continue to feel unfulfilled, anxious - in your relationships, sex life, in your work. You might feel stuck creatively. You feel distant, or at odds with your physical body. You'd like to know your story more fully, to understand how past experiences and cultural conditioning have impacted you, and to give your story voice, so you can express yourself - in relationships, work, art - from a place of deeper authenticity.
My clients are often those keenly aware of the complex time we live in, and are interested to understand what is keeping them from having the vibrant life they seek. You are doing "all the right things," and yet you continue to feel unfulfilled, anxious - in your relationships, sex life, in your work. You might feel stuck creatively. You feel distant, or at odds with your physical body. You'd like to know your story more fully, to understand how past experiences and cultural conditioning have impacted you, and to give your story voice, so you can express yourself - in relationships, work, art - from a place of deeper authenticity.
(971) 287-7208 View (971) 287-7208
Photo of Casey Eash Registered Associate, Professional Counselor Associate in McMinnville, OR
Casey Eash Registered Associate
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, CADC I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
Good day and glad you are here! Looking for a counselor is a first step of bravery. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, or in other areas of life. You may want insight and tools for emotional pain relief or to break negative patterns of living. Perhaps you feel stuck and discouraged on how or what to change. Obtaining these goals are all possible! If you are someone seeking a counselor with compassion and a depth of professional experience and life experience, it is my hope you reach out. I currently offer counseling in Grand Ronde, McMinnville, and Lincoln City (Whalesong Counseling).
Good day and glad you are here! Looking for a counselor is a first step of bravery. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, or in other areas of life. You may want insight and tools for emotional pain relief or to break negative patterns of living. Perhaps you feel stuck and discouraged on how or what to change. Obtaining these goals are all possible! If you are someone seeking a counselor with compassion and a depth of professional experience and life experience, it is my hope you reach out. I currently offer counseling in Grand Ronde, McMinnville, and Lincoln City (Whalesong Counseling).
(971) 407-1857 View (971) 407-1857
Photo of Susan M Cook in McMinnville, OR
Susan M Cook
MC, CPRC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
If you need support to make sense of your life; a challenge, a transition, a chronically "stuck" place that you'd like to work through, I have over 30 years of experience counseling and coaching people to clarity, empowerment, and more ease in making positive choices for themselves.
If you need support to make sense of your life; a challenge, a transition, a chronically "stuck" place that you'd like to work through, I have over 30 years of experience counseling and coaching people to clarity, empowerment, and more ease in making positive choices for themselves.
(503) 738-1365 View (503) 738-1365
Photo of Rosewater Therapy Llc Rachel Hulett in McMinnville, OR
Rosewater Therapy Llc Rachel Hulett
MCoun, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
I believe that the client-therapist relationship is foundational to the success of your treatment and I take your overall satisfaction seriously. I work with adults and children as a solution-focused therapist. I also work with chronic pain, reproductive health, and women's health, and infertility. I also focus heavily on the parent-child relationship and family systems work. I have training in many parenting and discipline practices that have effectively helped manage challenging behaviors as well as address parenting snafus. I am also interested in and helping people explore human sexuality and relationships.
I believe that the client-therapist relationship is foundational to the success of your treatment and I take your overall satisfaction seriously. I work with adults and children as a solution-focused therapist. I also work with chronic pain, reproductive health, and women's health, and infertility. I also focus heavily on the parent-child relationship and family systems work. I have training in many parenting and discipline practices that have effectively helped manage challenging behaviors as well as address parenting snafus. I am also interested in and helping people explore human sexuality and relationships.
(458) 217-5883 View (458) 217-5883
Photo of Airka Ramirez, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Airka Ramirez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe that everyone has the ability to grow and heal. There are seasons that we need connection and support through difficult times journey. The purpose of therapy is to provide you with the opportunity to explore a variety of concerns related to your current situation. I work with clients through a collaborative therapeutic relationship that fosters acceptance, connection, and hope. Our past does not define us, but it does inform who we are today. I specialize in empowering clients to find healing and renewal as you explore dynamics of the past and how they interact with the present.
I believe that everyone has the ability to grow and heal. There are seasons that we need connection and support through difficult times journey. The purpose of therapy is to provide you with the opportunity to explore a variety of concerns related to your current situation. I work with clients through a collaborative therapeutic relationship that fosters acceptance, connection, and hope. Our past does not define us, but it does inform who we are today. I specialize in empowering clients to find healing and renewal as you explore dynamics of the past and how they interact with the present.
(971) 290-2366 View (971) 290-2366
Photo of Kira Sandhu, Professional Counselor Associate in McMinnville, OR
Kira Sandhu
Professional Counselor Associate , MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
Sometimes the weight of the world can come crashing down on us, and we just need someone who is willing to sit with us as we put the pieces back together. My goal is to walk beside you as you examine your past experiences with yourself and others so that you can learn and grow into new healthy relationships that are fulfilling for you and your needs. Together we will look at the daily life stressors and the big life transitions that are taking up your energy, and make a path that brings you joy.
Sometimes the weight of the world can come crashing down on us, and we just need someone who is willing to sit with us as we put the pieces back together. My goal is to walk beside you as you examine your past experiences with yourself and others so that you can learn and grow into new healthy relationships that are fulfilling for you and your needs. Together we will look at the daily life stressors and the big life transitions that are taking up your energy, and make a path that brings you joy.
(503) 435-4840 View (503) 435-4840
Photo of Emily Henderson, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Emily Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Is life giving you a beating? Do you feel like you've been derailed? Sometimes you might need a helping hand to get back on track. Or maybe you don't even remember ever being "on track," but you'd like to develop a life of inner peace and meaning. Whatever the case, I'm here for you. Some of my areas of practice include anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, self-esteem, life transitions, spiritual concerns, premarital counseling, and relationship struggles. I also work with individuals who experience hallucinations.
Is life giving you a beating? Do you feel like you've been derailed? Sometimes you might need a helping hand to get back on track. Or maybe you don't even remember ever being "on track," but you'd like to develop a life of inner peace and meaning. Whatever the case, I'm here for you. Some of my areas of practice include anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, self-esteem, life transitions, spiritual concerns, premarital counseling, and relationship struggles. I also work with individuals who experience hallucinations.
(503) 308-6139 View (503) 308-6139
Photo of Brett Maffett, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Brett Maffett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
You can take control of your life. You don't have to live a life suffering from trauma or addiction. You don't have to feel isolated or scared anymore. Finding the right therapist to start your journey isn't easy. I have a wide range of treatment options awaiting anyone willing to take the first steps towards a new start.
You can take control of your life. You don't have to live a life suffering from trauma or addiction. You don't have to feel isolated or scared anymore. Finding the right therapist to start your journey isn't easy. I have a wide range of treatment options awaiting anyone willing to take the first steps towards a new start.
(503) 755-9502 View (503) 755-9502
Photo of Laura Rudeen, Pre-Licensed Professional in McMinnville, OR
Laura Rudeen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
We all wrestle with painful feelings, anxieties that hold us back, and questions about our purpose. We wrestle with past trauma and current circumstances in our lives that make it difficult to thrive. These things are part of what makes us human – but they can also make it hard for us to find peace in our lives. When these things become barriers to living the life you want to live, counseling can help. I believe counseling can help anyone cultivate hope, gain fresh perspective, and make real changes. I seek to create a warm, collaborative, nonjudgmental environment where every part of you is welcome.
We all wrestle with painful feelings, anxieties that hold us back, and questions about our purpose. We wrestle with past trauma and current circumstances in our lives that make it difficult to thrive. These things are part of what makes us human – but they can also make it hard for us to find peace in our lives. When these things become barriers to living the life you want to live, counseling can help. I believe counseling can help anyone cultivate hope, gain fresh perspective, and make real changes. I seek to create a warm, collaborative, nonjudgmental environment where every part of you is welcome.
(971) 320-6995 View (971) 320-6995
Photo of Dena Winn, Professional Counselor Associate in McMinnville, OR
Dena Winn
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, BA
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. Are you struggling with feeling stuck in your daily life? Are you ready to create the change you desire? I offer therapy focused on your strengths, with you as the expert in your life. I will come along side you in your journey to discover your strengths and help you create the change you want.
Accepting new clients. Are you struggling with feeling stuck in your daily life? Are you ready to create the change you desire? I offer therapy focused on your strengths, with you as the expert in your life. I will come along side you in your journey to discover your strengths and help you create the change you want.
(971) 318-2820 View (971) 318-2820
Photo of Sydnee Ettelson, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Sydnee Ettelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADCI
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Not accepting new clients at this time, please call to be added to a waitlist. I have worked in this field for 9 years. My experiences stem from both community mental health and private practice, working with people experiencing addiction, trauma, severe persistent mental health, anxiety and depression. I see individuals, couples, and families. My approach is client centered and trauma informed. I use strategies from CBT, DBT, and ACT. With these approaches I provide space for clients to guide the process to therapy with support along the way in reaching their goals. I have my CADCI and currently able to supervise associates.
Not accepting new clients at this time, please call to be added to a waitlist. I have worked in this field for 9 years. My experiences stem from both community mental health and private practice, working with people experiencing addiction, trauma, severe persistent mental health, anxiety and depression. I see individuals, couples, and families. My approach is client centered and trauma informed. I use strategies from CBT, DBT, and ACT. With these approaches I provide space for clients to guide the process to therapy with support along the way in reaching their goals. I have my CADCI and currently able to supervise associates.
(503) 461-9015 View (503) 461-9015
Photo of Katherine Burns, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Katherine Burns
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
My desire is to come alongside those who are hurting and help them find hope, a sense of meaning and purpose, and healing. Regardless of whether I am treating an individual, couple or family, I believe that a meaningful, authentic relationship between the client and therapist is essential to the process of healing. My goal is to create a collaborative and safe space for us to enact change in your life and a space where you feel listened to.
My desire is to come alongside those who are hurting and help them find hope, a sense of meaning and purpose, and healing. Regardless of whether I am treating an individual, couple or family, I believe that a meaningful, authentic relationship between the client and therapist is essential to the process of healing. My goal is to create a collaborative and safe space for us to enact change in your life and a space where you feel listened to.
(971) 251-9681 View (971) 251-9681
Photo of Tiffany Butler Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Tiffany Butler Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Life feels really tough right now (to be honest, maybe it's been tough for a while) and nothing you've tried seems to make a difference. Maybe your relationship with a partner, family member or friend has gone off track, leaving you feeling hurt, misunderstood or alone. Maybe your relationship with yourself is struggling, weighted by negative thoughts and difficult feelings that don't accurately reflect who you are or who you want to be. You're not feeling like your best self, and you're ready to make a change.
Life feels really tough right now (to be honest, maybe it's been tough for a while) and nothing you've tried seems to make a difference. Maybe your relationship with a partner, family member or friend has gone off track, leaving you feeling hurt, misunderstood or alone. Maybe your relationship with yourself is struggling, weighted by negative thoughts and difficult feelings that don't accurately reflect who you are or who you want to be. You're not feeling like your best self, and you're ready to make a change.
(503) 773-6602 View (503) 773-6602
Photo of Jenni Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McMinnville, OR
Jenni Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Currently Accepting NEW clients in person (McMinnville) and Telehealth. Welcome. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and for taking time to care for yourself. Take a deep breath, seeking therapy services is brave so if this is as far as you go, well done- but I do hope you choose to stay! Therapy can be hard work so I'm not afraid to bring a touch of humor and a little bit of sass to keep things moving!
Currently Accepting NEW clients in person (McMinnville) and Telehealth. Welcome. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and for taking time to care for yourself. Take a deep breath, seeking therapy services is brave so if this is as far as you go, well done- but I do hope you choose to stay! Therapy can be hard work so I'm not afraid to bring a touch of humor and a little bit of sass to keep things moving!
(503) 741-2473 View (503) 741-2473
Photo of Sue Colavito, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Sue Colavito
Licensed Professional Counselor, MFT, LPCT
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
I believe people want to live a full and productive life. I have helped clients make improvements in their lives for 30+years. Depression does not have to keep you down. Don't let Anxiety limit you. You can identifying what is keeping you back. You can Heal from Trauma, recent or past - don't let it haunt you. You can find direction, hope and new meaning. You can help a child who is feeling badly, having difficulty at school or home. You and your Family can learn to communicate clearly and kindly whether you are a single parent, a couple or with a new partner and their children. You can feel Happy! Have a hopeful outlook on Life!
I believe people want to live a full and productive life. I have helped clients make improvements in their lives for 30+years. Depression does not have to keep you down. Don't let Anxiety limit you. You can identifying what is keeping you back. You can Heal from Trauma, recent or past - don't let it haunt you. You can find direction, hope and new meaning. You can help a child who is feeling badly, having difficulty at school or home. You and your Family can learn to communicate clearly and kindly whether you are a single parent, a couple or with a new partner and their children. You can feel Happy! Have a hopeful outlook on Life!
(503) 744-6675 View (503) 744-6675
Photo of Cindy L. Nisly Being Well Counseling, LLC , Pre-Licensed Professional in McMinnville, OR
Cindy L. Nisly Being Well Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT, Assoc
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Accepting New Clients. BEING WELL…knowing who you are as an individual. Life brings experiences that are difficult to adjust and live peacefully. It is common to have worries in relationships, work/life balance, stressful experiences, and emotional difficulties, past or current. These worries lead to change in mood, low self-worth, and provoke negative thinking. My approach focuses on walking along beside you and focusing on your individual strengths to move through a difficult time in your life. In addition to walking along beside you, you will gain insight and awareness of your current coping skills.
Accepting New Clients. BEING WELL…knowing who you are as an individual. Life brings experiences that are difficult to adjust and live peacefully. It is common to have worries in relationships, work/life balance, stressful experiences, and emotional difficulties, past or current. These worries lead to change in mood, low self-worth, and provoke negative thinking. My approach focuses on walking along beside you and focusing on your individual strengths to move through a difficult time in your life. In addition to walking along beside you, you will gain insight and awareness of your current coping skills.
(971) 247-3297 View (971) 247-3297
Photo of Lauren at Fir Counseling LLC , Professional Counselor Associate in McMinnville, OR
Lauren at Fir Counseling LLC
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
I work with an emphasis towards Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) modalities. I have experience doing crisis work and as a therapist in the school system. I am also trained in Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I work with an emphasis towards Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) modalities. I have experience doing crisis work and as a therapist in the school system. I am also trained in Attachment Based Family Therapy (ABFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
(971) 290-2406 View (971) 290-2406
Photo of Gail Quenneville, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in McMinnville, OR
Gail Quenneville, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am practicing via telehealth. I am committed to helping individuals, families, businesses, communities move forward. I bring 40+ years of clinical experience which includes work with combat, childhood and complex PTSD and trauma including Holocaust survivors. I have been recognized by The Southern Poverty Law Center for contributions to promote justice. I work with cancer patients and their families as a member of the Association of Oncology Social Workers. Psychotherapy with trauma survivors has helped clients lead productive and happier lives despite strife and adversity.
I am practicing via telehealth. I am committed to helping individuals, families, businesses, communities move forward. I bring 40+ years of clinical experience which includes work with combat, childhood and complex PTSD and trauma including Holocaust survivors. I have been recognized by The Southern Poverty Law Center for contributions to promote justice. I work with cancer patients and their families as a member of the Association of Oncology Social Workers. Psychotherapy with trauma survivors has helped clients lead productive and happier lives despite strife and adversity.
(302) 604-3414 View (302) 604-3414
Photo of Deborah Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in McMinnville, OR
Deborah Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am glad you are here and delighted to assist you as you and I identify and work toward your unique goals for psychological health and wholeness. I work with a variety of concerns including healing old wounds, stress management, grief and loss experiences, anxiety, depression, supporting you as a caregiver or in your helping profession, goal setting, early childhood parenting, and navigating cross-cultural and spiritual experiences. Through my professional and personal growth, I have developed a compassionate, honest, strengths-based, playful, and curious approach towards healing and change.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am glad you are here and delighted to assist you as you and I identify and work toward your unique goals for psychological health and wholeness. I work with a variety of concerns including healing old wounds, stress management, grief and loss experiences, anxiety, depression, supporting you as a caregiver or in your helping profession, goal setting, early childhood parenting, and navigating cross-cultural and spiritual experiences. Through my professional and personal growth, I have developed a compassionate, honest, strengths-based, playful, and curious approach towards healing and change.
(971) 306-5347 View (971) 306-5347

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in McMinnville, OR

70+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in McMinnville, OR who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
82% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
77% Stress
73% Grief

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
50% Providence
44% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in McMinnville, OR see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in McMinnville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.