Photo of Jessica Magenheimer, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jessica Magenheimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
If your life had a resumé, “chameleon” would be at the top. You’re so good at figuring out others’ needs, they’d never suspect that you have them too. If you were honest with yourself, though, you’d admit how stressful it is to live for other people. You’re terrified you’ll lose relationships if you speak up or say no. Your energy is drained or you feel resentful. You’re exhausted from wondering if others like you or approve of you. If you make choices that disappoint others, you feel guilty and selfish. Your whole identity is about pleasing others, & you want to feel comfortable being your authentic self, but you have no idea how.
If your life had a resumé, “chameleon” would be at the top. You’re so good at figuring out others’ needs, they’d never suspect that you have them too. If you were honest with yourself, though, you’d admit how stressful it is to live for other people. You’re terrified you’ll lose relationships if you speak up or say no. Your energy is drained or you feel resentful. You’re exhausted from wondering if others like you or approve of you. If you make choices that disappoint others, you feel guilty and selfish. Your whole identity is about pleasing others, & you want to feel comfortable being your authentic self, but you have no idea how.
(503) 461-0330 View (503) 461-0330
Photo of Kimberly Kraus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kimberly Kraus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97231
Waitlist for new clients
You may be dealing with a chronic health condition, struggling with depression, anxiety, relationships, or challenges to life's changes and transitions. It can also feel overwhelming with all of the contradictory information, demands on your time, and the countless inequities and injustices happening. You've already taken a big step to work with someone who will help you tap in to your internal wisdom and strengths, identify barriers, and support you in incorporating effective strategies for healthier coping.
You may be dealing with a chronic health condition, struggling with depression, anxiety, relationships, or challenges to life's changes and transitions. It can also feel overwhelming with all of the contradictory information, demands on your time, and the countless inequities and injustices happening. You've already taken a big step to work with someone who will help you tap in to your internal wisdom and strengths, identify barriers, and support you in incorporating effective strategies for healthier coping.
(971) 306-5047 View (971) 306-5047
Photo of Mollie Cudmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mollie Cudmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
It is an honor to journey with individuals who want guidance through life’s obstacles. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys working with individuals to meet their personal successes. I believe the true essence of therapy is listening to one’s story, strategizing what is working, and navigating through what is not. You are the expert of your life and I am the guide. I love being curious, asking clarifying questions and watching clients be successful. I am also a Oregon certified CSWA supervisor.
It is an honor to journey with individuals who want guidance through life’s obstacles. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who enjoys working with individuals to meet their personal successes. I believe the true essence of therapy is listening to one’s story, strategizing what is working, and navigating through what is not. You are the expert of your life and I am the guide. I love being curious, asking clarifying questions and watching clients be successful. I am also a Oregon certified CSWA supervisor.
(541) 813-3955 View (541) 813-3955
Photo of Beth Barnhart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Beth Barnhart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome! My work is centered around a holistic, empathetic approach to help clients feel supported and empowered as they navigate through life. I support women of all backgrounds who are managing life transitions, relationship concerns, depression, stress/anxiety, and overcoming trauma. I have many years of experience and a focus on supporting clients during preconception, pregnancy and the postpartum period. This can be a challenging time when dealing with uncertainty, worry, overwhelm and identity changes. I offer a non-judgmental, safe space for clients to process through difficult emotions and utilize their strengths to heal.
Welcome! My work is centered around a holistic, empathetic approach to help clients feel supported and empowered as they navigate through life. I support women of all backgrounds who are managing life transitions, relationship concerns, depression, stress/anxiety, and overcoming trauma. I have many years of experience and a focus on supporting clients during preconception, pregnancy and the postpartum period. This can be a challenging time when dealing with uncertainty, worry, overwhelm and identity changes. I offer a non-judgmental, safe space for clients to process through difficult emotions and utilize their strengths to heal.
(503) 744-5291 View (503) 744-5291
Photo of Zoë Presley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Zoë Presley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97231
Are you feeling alone, afraid or overwhelmed? Are you having difficulty navigating profound adjustments to your life or your relationships? Are others in your life depending on you to guide them through difficult times? I will help you achieve a sense of calm and a perspective of hopefulness.
Are you feeling alone, afraid or overwhelmed? Are you having difficulty navigating profound adjustments to your life or your relationships? Are others in your life depending on you to guide them through difficult times? I will help you achieve a sense of calm and a perspective of hopefulness.
(503) 616-2712 View (503) 616-2712
Mark H Kohen
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I am a Clinical Psychologist licensed to practice in Oregon. I have experience in both general medical and psychiatric hospital settings as well as out-patient mental health clinics. I have been in full-time private practice since 1985. Areas of expertise and interest include: depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, chronic pain, child behavior problems, adult ADHD, and issues related to aging. My training includes: psychodynamic, family systems, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness and play therapies. My approach is a blend of these tailored to meet the needs of the particular people with whom I'm working.
I am a Clinical Psychologist licensed to practice in Oregon. I have experience in both general medical and psychiatric hospital settings as well as out-patient mental health clinics. I have been in full-time private practice since 1985. Areas of expertise and interest include: depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, chronic pain, child behavior problems, adult ADHD, and issues related to aging. My training includes: psychodynamic, family systems, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness and play therapies. My approach is a blend of these tailored to meet the needs of the particular people with whom I'm working.
(503) 451-6385 View (503) 451-6385
Photo of Bart Colom, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , NCC, AFC
Bart Colom
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , NCC, AFC
Online Only
Creating an environment for healing, resilience and growth. Therapy is not just a process that leads to functioning, but flourishing, as you become the person you were born to be. We believe in the power of your dreams!
Creating an environment for healing, resilience and growth. Therapy is not just a process that leads to functioning, but flourishing, as you become the person you were born to be. We believe in the power of your dreams!
(503) 751-8934 View (503) 751-8934
Photo of Michelle Sprouffske - Steps to Change, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Steps to Change, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Therapy is a journey of healing, growth, self discovery and so much more. Each person brings with them a different story and unique perspective, which gives us the opportunity to meet you where you are in that moment, with empathy and support. At Steps to Change, LLC we frequently work with people around life transitions, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, gender and sexuality, acute and chronic trauma issues, self empowerment, parenting, chronic illness (invisible and visible) as well as grief and loss. We enjoy working with individuals in a welcoming space that was created together through the therapeutic relationship.
Therapy is a journey of healing, growth, self discovery and so much more. Each person brings with them a different story and unique perspective, which gives us the opportunity to meet you where you are in that moment, with empathy and support. At Steps to Change, LLC we frequently work with people around life transitions, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, gender and sexuality, acute and chronic trauma issues, self empowerment, parenting, chronic illness (invisible and visible) as well as grief and loss. We enjoy working with individuals in a welcoming space that was created together through the therapeutic relationship.
View
Photo of Cynthia Ferguson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cynthia Ferguson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I hope you will find a welcome, safe place for healing and growth as we work together. Therapy sessions with me often include techniques from Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness techniques, or Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). This means that, unlike traditional talk therapy, I often integrate interventions using back-and-forth eye movements to promote resolution from upsetting experiences using ART or EMDR. These approaches are different than hypnosis and are supported by positive outcomes in research studies as well as in my clinical experience.
I hope you will find a welcome, safe place for healing and growth as we work together. Therapy sessions with me often include techniques from Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), mindfulness techniques, or Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART). This means that, unlike traditional talk therapy, I often integrate interventions using back-and-forth eye movements to promote resolution from upsetting experiences using ART or EMDR. These approaches are different than hypnosis and are supported by positive outcomes in research studies as well as in my clinical experience.
(503) 470-7911 View (503) 470-7911
Photo of Marijana Knez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marijana Knez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Do you feel stuck, confused, exhausted and hopeless that life can get better for you? Do you seek to find more peace, joy, maybe more intimacy? I am a European-born therapist with close to two great decades of counseling individuals and couples challenged with life stressors and transitions, trauma, lack of intimacy, relationship issues, self-esteem and image, mood, focus, grief, addictions... Over the years I have successfully supported youth, adults, couples and families from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. Please note, the demand for services can be overwhelming, I try to respond to each inquiry if at all possible.
Do you feel stuck, confused, exhausted and hopeless that life can get better for you? Do you seek to find more peace, joy, maybe more intimacy? I am a European-born therapist with close to two great decades of counseling individuals and couples challenged with life stressors and transitions, trauma, lack of intimacy, relationship issues, self-esteem and image, mood, focus, grief, addictions... Over the years I have successfully supported youth, adults, couples and families from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. Please note, the demand for services can be overwhelming, I try to respond to each inquiry if at all possible.
(541) 449-9684 View (541) 449-9684
Photo of Joshua Ziegler, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Joshua Ziegler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
I help couples, families and individuals get through troubled times, tackle new and old problems and develop realistic and sustainable ways of living. I work with clients who want to get help quickly and don't want to spend years in therapy. I work with clients who are looking for effective, progress-oriented approaches to change.
I help couples, families and individuals get through troubled times, tackle new and old problems and develop realistic and sustainable ways of living. I work with clients who want to get help quickly and don't want to spend years in therapy. I work with clients who are looking for effective, progress-oriented approaches to change.
(971) 257-1024 View (971) 257-1024
Photo of Pamela Crutchfield - Pearl District Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Pearl District Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
** NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS**I work with parents and children, married couples and individuals. I am interested in evaluating the whole person within their systems including, primary attachment relationships, implicit and explicit messages that adults received as children, the stress/ disease connection, looking at maladaptive patterns established in childhood that need to be corrected to return to the authentic self. I use the work of Gabor Mate, MD and Dan Siegel, MD in my treatment of individuals and families.
** NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS**I work with parents and children, married couples and individuals. I am interested in evaluating the whole person within their systems including, primary attachment relationships, implicit and explicit messages that adults received as children, the stress/ disease connection, looking at maladaptive patterns established in childhood that need to be corrected to return to the authentic self. I use the work of Gabor Mate, MD and Dan Siegel, MD in my treatment of individuals and families.
(503) 866-1084 View (503) 866-1084
Photo of Amy Madrigal, Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA, CADC II, CYMHC
Amy Madrigal
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA, CADC II, CYMHC
Serves Area
I am passionate about people leading empowered, connected, and purposeful lives. I work collaboratively with clients in identifying needs, making changes, and practicing new skills in a safe and supportive setting. Sometimes getting assistance is the difference between lasting change, or staying stuck in an increasingly devastating cycle. Depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, stress and conflict are just a few things that can be overwhelming and make life and relationships difficult to manage. . As a person with lived experience and in long term recovery I am able to connect with and encourage people to make a lasting change.
I am passionate about people leading empowered, connected, and purposeful lives. I work collaboratively with clients in identifying needs, making changes, and practicing new skills in a safe and supportive setting. Sometimes getting assistance is the difference between lasting change, or staying stuck in an increasingly devastating cycle. Depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction, stress and conflict are just a few things that can be overwhelming and make life and relationships difficult to manage. . As a person with lived experience and in long term recovery I am able to connect with and encourage people to make a lasting change.
(541) 320-7487 View (541) 320-7487
Photo of Verda Dew, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verda Dew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Each person deserves the benefit of thinking about life in a meaningful way with gentle guidance through counseling. I would be privileged to join you on this journey. As a therapist, I specialize in assisting people through challenging life moments. Using solution-focused techniques and empowerment methods, we’ll identify steps to resolve your personal challenges and reach your goals. I have more than 12 years experience working with individuals and families experiencing challenges with parenting, anxiety, depression, life transition, addiction issues, chronic medical illness including oncology, end-of-life, and grief.
Each person deserves the benefit of thinking about life in a meaningful way with gentle guidance through counseling. I would be privileged to join you on this journey. As a therapist, I specialize in assisting people through challenging life moments. Using solution-focused techniques and empowerment methods, we’ll identify steps to resolve your personal challenges and reach your goals. I have more than 12 years experience working with individuals and families experiencing challenges with parenting, anxiety, depression, life transition, addiction issues, chronic medical illness including oncology, end-of-life, and grief.
(503) 451-6049 View (503) 451-6049
Photo of Valerie King, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Valerie King
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you find yourself having the same argument with your partner over and over again? Are you looking to get a bit of that 'spark' back from the beginning of your relationship? Or maybe you are finding yourself stuck and overwhelmed with new challenges in your life. If so, you're in the right place. I specialize in working with couples who are looking to improve their communication and connection, as well as individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, family conflict, or are processing trauma. Together we'll create a safe and welcoming space for you to grow and make meaningful changes in your life.
Do you find yourself having the same argument with your partner over and over again? Are you looking to get a bit of that 'spark' back from the beginning of your relationship? Or maybe you are finding yourself stuck and overwhelmed with new challenges in your life. If so, you're in the right place. I specialize in working with couples who are looking to improve their communication and connection, as well as individuals experiencing anxiety, depression, family conflict, or are processing trauma. Together we'll create a safe and welcoming space for you to grow and make meaningful changes in your life.
(458) 203-1878 View (458) 203-1878
Photo of Camille Holland - Counseling Solutions NW, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Counseling Solutions NW, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, I'm Camille and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon and Washington. I compassionately work with my clients to become more effective in their interpersonal interactions, to enhance their relationships, and to make the best decisions for themselves and those who matter to them. My commitment is to help you heal and energize by providing a neutral space to listen to you and collaborate with you. Learning to manage unhealthy reactions or navigate major life changes allows us to regain the power to feel better about ourselves and our lives.
Hi, I'm Camille and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Oregon and Washington. I compassionately work with my clients to become more effective in their interpersonal interactions, to enhance their relationships, and to make the best decisions for themselves and those who matter to them. My commitment is to help you heal and energize by providing a neutral space to listen to you and collaborate with you. Learning to manage unhealthy reactions or navigate major life changes allows us to regain the power to feel better about ourselves and our lives.
(971) 328-3826 View (971) 328-3826
Photo of Mira Shah, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAT, ATR
Mira Shah
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAT, ATR
4 Endorsed
Online Only
You being here means you are open to working on a different path. I value collaborating to create a therapeutic alliance in which clients feel safe and honored exploring all dimensions of their identities and experiences. I enjoy working with adults facing but not limited to: infertility, grief/loss, life transitions, medical trauma, self-esteem, interpersonal issues and personal growth. We all have the ability to do this difficult work, but sometimes a little guidance from someone we trust is helpful to remind us of our potential.
You being here means you are open to working on a different path. I value collaborating to create a therapeutic alliance in which clients feel safe and honored exploring all dimensions of their identities and experiences. I enjoy working with adults facing but not limited to: infertility, grief/loss, life transitions, medical trauma, self-esteem, interpersonal issues and personal growth. We all have the ability to do this difficult work, but sometimes a little guidance from someone we trust is helpful to remind us of our potential.
View
Photo of Andrea J Tyler, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC NCC, LCPC, LMHC, CADCIII, CIEC
Andrea J Tyler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC NCC, LCPC, LMHC, CADCIII, CIEC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Do any of these comments sound familiar? “You’re too emotional.” “You’re so dramatic.” “Why can’t you just let it go?” “You’re so sensitive!” Do you struggle to cope without going to extremes? Too many people haven’t been taught how to cope with the struggles of life in healthy, effective ways and instead find any possible way to feel better, as quickly as possible. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in particular can help you learn these vital skills to begin building the life you choose. If you’re tired of being stuck in suffering and emotional pain, I’d like to help you find your way through.
Do any of these comments sound familiar? “You’re too emotional.” “You’re so dramatic.” “Why can’t you just let it go?” “You’re so sensitive!” Do you struggle to cope without going to extremes? Too many people haven’t been taught how to cope with the struggles of life in healthy, effective ways and instead find any possible way to feel better, as quickly as possible. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in particular can help you learn these vital skills to begin building the life you choose. If you’re tired of being stuck in suffering and emotional pain, I’d like to help you find your way through.
(971) 287-1587 View (971) 287-1587
Photo of Helene Goode - Goode Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CADCI
Goode Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CADCI
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My heartfelt wish is to help you find your voice and connection in the world. There are so many ways we adapt to our circumstances, family, society or culture. To fit in, you might feel like you've lost part of yourself. You may feel isolated, like no one can possibly understand or even accept you. Maybe you grew up in a family affected by addiction, identify as LGBQT, or were raised in a religion that feels unaccepting. Perhaps you're an artist or unemployed and struggling with confidence. Whatever your circumstance, you can find the joy of being you.
My heartfelt wish is to help you find your voice and connection in the world. There are so many ways we adapt to our circumstances, family, society or culture. To fit in, you might feel like you've lost part of yourself. You may feel isolated, like no one can possibly understand or even accept you. Maybe you grew up in a family affected by addiction, identify as LGBQT, or were raised in a religion that feels unaccepting. Perhaps you're an artist or unemployed and struggling with confidence. Whatever your circumstance, you can find the joy of being you.
(503) 567-1749 View (503) 567-1749
Photo of Barbara Dawne Feil, Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, MA, LPC
Barbara Dawne Feil
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMin, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I provide therapy for men and women around life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, marriage and relationship issues, guilt and shame, recovering from physical or sexual abuse, sexuality, identity and self image, spiritual development, spiritual abuse, church and ministry. 35 years of pastoral ministry has given me great exposure to issues across an adult life span including singleness, finding life direction, finding a life partner, empty-nest, mid-life crisis, retirement and finding fulfillment when life and health is diminished by age.
I provide therapy for men and women around life transitions, grief, depression, anxiety, marriage and relationship issues, guilt and shame, recovering from physical or sexual abuse, sexuality, identity and self image, spiritual development, spiritual abuse, church and ministry. 35 years of pastoral ministry has given me great exposure to issues across an adult life span including singleness, finding life direction, finding a life partner, empty-nest, mid-life crisis, retirement and finding fulfillment when life and health is diminished by age.
(855) 683-7311 View (855) 683-7311
1

See more therapy options for 97231

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97231

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 97231 who prioritize treating:

96% Depression
96% Anxiety
83% Self Esteem
79% Coping Skills
75% Grief
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
61% Moda Health
56% PacificSource

How Therapists in 97231 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
16% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97231?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.