Therapists in Portland, OR

View neighborhoods in Portland
Photo of Nichole Aimonetti, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Nichole Aimonetti, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck? Do you become fearful or avoidant in certain places? If anxiety, fear or depression has taken hold in your life - there is effective help. I am an expert in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and evidence based practice (EBP.) I provide treatments and teach you the skills you need to manage your feelings and find new ways to solve problems. By helping you identify and replace negative thinking and behavior patterns you gain control and are able to live the life you want.
Do you feel stuck? Do you become fearful or avoidant in certain places? If anxiety, fear or depression has taken hold in your life - there is effective help. I am an expert in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and evidence based practice (EBP.) I provide treatments and teach you the skills you need to manage your feelings and find new ways to solve problems. By helping you identify and replace negative thinking and behavior patterns you gain control and are able to live the life you want.
(503) 536-1041 View (503) 536-1041
Photo of Sarah Rushen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Sarah Rushen
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232
As a BIPOC clinician, I specialize in working with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. I also have extensive experience working with individuals recovering from trauma, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation.
As a BIPOC clinician, I specialize in working with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. I also have extensive experience working with individuals recovering from trauma, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation.
(971) 318-6349 View (971) 318-6349
Photo of Bridget Lovejoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Bridget Lovejoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97221  (Online Only)
I find it a privilege to work with adult clients with a variety of issues (anxiety, depression, relationship concerns and trauma) but I am especially interested in older couples. I have experience in gerontology and have been a couples therapist since 2003. My approach with couples is eclectic but includes the work of John Gottman, David Burns, Prepare/Enrich, DBT, and Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (aka The Work of Byron Katie). And with individuals I do EMDR and other modalities. My background orientation is firmly rooted in Gestalt Therapy. Sometimes therapy with me is brief and other times we dive deep depending on your needs.
I find it a privilege to work with adult clients with a variety of issues (anxiety, depression, relationship concerns and trauma) but I am especially interested in older couples. I have experience in gerontology and have been a couples therapist since 2003. My approach with couples is eclectic but includes the work of John Gottman, David Burns, Prepare/Enrich, DBT, and Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (aka The Work of Byron Katie). And with individuals I do EMDR and other modalities. My background orientation is firmly rooted in Gestalt Therapy. Sometimes therapy with me is brief and other times we dive deep depending on your needs.
(503) 461-7245 View (503) 461-7245
Photo of Alison Rose, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Alison Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205
Life is too short to feel so stuck. I believe that anyone can make change in life when they are ready. I have extensive experience as a therapist and my clients often report feeling better after just a few sessions. I believe that through approaching change in a holistic manner, addressing both mind and body in an atmosphere of trust and collaboration healing can occur. It takes courage to seek counseling and ask for help. I am active, engaged, and supportive in my work with clients.
Life is too short to feel so stuck. I believe that anyone can make change in life when they are ready. I have extensive experience as a therapist and my clients often report feeling better after just a few sessions. I believe that through approaching change in a holistic manner, addressing both mind and body in an atmosphere of trust and collaboration healing can occur. It takes courage to seek counseling and ask for help. I am active, engaged, and supportive in my work with clients.
(503) 446-2109 View (503) 446-2109
Photo of Elisa Miranda, LPC Intern in Portland, OR
Elisa Miranda
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97219  (Online Only)
I offer bilingual therapy in Spanish and english. Yo ofrezco terapia bilingue, en español y en inglés. I believe that every individual has the power and capability to seek help, find healing, restore, and work on their mental health and their overall well-being to have a profound life. Having a healthy mental health and a positive mind set, is key to experience a positive sense of self and a meaningful lifestyle. My goal is to help my clients reach their full potential in emotional and personal growth so they can find and embrace individual strength.
I offer bilingual therapy in Spanish and english. Yo ofrezco terapia bilingue, en español y en inglés. I believe that every individual has the power and capability to seek help, find healing, restore, and work on their mental health and their overall well-being to have a profound life. Having a healthy mental health and a positive mind set, is key to experience a positive sense of self and a meaningful lifestyle. My goal is to help my clients reach their full potential in emotional and personal growth so they can find and embrace individual strength.
(971) 268-5559 View (971) 268-5559
Photo of Elana Cohen, Occupational Therapist in Portland, OR
Elana Cohen
Occupational Therapist, OTR/L
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97212
Seeking support for your young child's development? I have 20 years of experience working with children of all ages in homes, schools, and clinics. I work with babies, toddlers, and preschoolers alongside their families. You may be processing a diagnosis, or wondering about how to best support your child who is developing differently than you expected. My work with children is through play, as play is the language of the child. Come away feeling empowered and equipped to support your child's skill- building while fostering a secure attachment in your relationship with them.
Seeking support for your young child's development? I have 20 years of experience working with children of all ages in homes, schools, and clinics. I work with babies, toddlers, and preschoolers alongside their families. You may be processing a diagnosis, or wondering about how to best support your child who is developing differently than you expected. My work with children is through play, as play is the language of the child. Come away feeling empowered and equipped to support your child's skill- building while fostering a secure attachment in your relationship with them.
(971) 315-9715 View (971) 315-9715
Photo of June Bremmer in Portland, OR
June Bremmer
MS, MBTI
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and groups to discover and apply their unique strengths and values, with a well-defined career exploration plan. My approach is holistic, balancing the support you need with the action steps to move forward. In our work together here's what you can expect: Maximize strengths and skills for higher career and life satisfaction and increase confidence in implementing objectives that advance your career. We also work on reducing stress and gaining clarity on attaining your goals while using key marketing tools like resume, LinkedIn and cover letters to gain confidence with interviews and negotiations.
I work with individuals and groups to discover and apply their unique strengths and values, with a well-defined career exploration plan. My approach is holistic, balancing the support you need with the action steps to move forward. In our work together here's what you can expect: Maximize strengths and skills for higher career and life satisfaction and increase confidence in implementing objectives that advance your career. We also work on reducing stress and gaining clarity on attaining your goals while using key marketing tools like resume, LinkedIn and cover letters to gain confidence with interviews and negotiations.
(503) 739-9367 View (503) 739-9367
Photo of Mackenzie Gottfried, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mackenzie Gottfried
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97211
Mackenzie has experience working with individuals and their family members when impacted by trauma and children with behavioral issues including those with anxiety/depression. She has also worked with individuals adjusting to life transitions and people with varying experiences related to race, age and socio economic groups.
Mackenzie has experience working with individuals and their family members when impacted by trauma and children with behavioral issues including those with anxiety/depression. She has also worked with individuals adjusting to life transitions and people with varying experiences related to race, age and socio economic groups.
(971) 318-6313 View (971) 318-6313
Photo of Jessica Redmond, Counselor in Portland, OR
Jessica Redmond
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97221
An experienced psychotherapist, my professional roles have given me insight related to: developmental and acute trauma, adult ADHD, and issues with overwork. I provide individual therapy as well as couples counseling. I graduated in 2016 from Portland State University. Those seeking a boost in self compassion can find refuge here. I operate from a person centered and non judgmental space, and am proficient in challenging maladaptive thought processes and helping you as a client or part of a couple clearly see the victories you deserve to celebrate.
An experienced psychotherapist, my professional roles have given me insight related to: developmental and acute trauma, adult ADHD, and issues with overwork. I provide individual therapy as well as couples counseling. I graduated in 2016 from Portland State University. Those seeking a boost in self compassion can find refuge here. I operate from a person centered and non judgmental space, and am proficient in challenging maladaptive thought processes and helping you as a client or part of a couple clearly see the victories you deserve to celebrate.
(503) 855-6334 View (503) 855-6334
Photo of Marena Passarelli, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Marena Passarelli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97209
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about treating individuals impacted by eating disorders, body liberation, anxiety, and those struggling with emotion regulation. My individual therapy approach stems from feminist theory, as well as a DBT and CBT perspective. It is my goal to support you in connecting with yourself and your body, as well as connecting with others through self-exploration and acceptance. I have worked in various treatment settings, including residential and intensive outpatient treatment for eating disorders, and community/school mental health. Please explore more about me on my website.
I am passionate about treating individuals impacted by eating disorders, body liberation, anxiety, and those struggling with emotion regulation. My individual therapy approach stems from feminist theory, as well as a DBT and CBT perspective. It is my goal to support you in connecting with yourself and your body, as well as connecting with others through self-exploration and acceptance. I have worked in various treatment settings, including residential and intensive outpatient treatment for eating disorders, and community/school mental health. Please explore more about me on my website.
(206) 793-8099 View (206) 793-8099
Photo of Noelle Ferguson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Noelle Ferguson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219
Despite what Instagram, TikTok, or an opinionated in-law may have us believe, none of us are born knowing how to parent, and many of us are actively working on changing intergenerational patterns in our own families in order to better support the growth and development of our children, in essence, reparenting ourselves. This process is a difficult one, and not meant to be done in isolation. Together we can look at how you were parented, how you want to parent, and how to bridge any gaps in between.
Despite what Instagram, TikTok, or an opinionated in-law may have us believe, none of us are born knowing how to parent, and many of us are actively working on changing intergenerational patterns in our own families in order to better support the growth and development of our children, in essence, reparenting ourselves. This process is a difficult one, and not meant to be done in isolation. Together we can look at how you were parented, how you want to parent, and how to bridge any gaps in between.
(503) 461-1025 View (503) 461-1025
Photo of Katharine Frothingham, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Katharine Frothingham
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97293  (Online Only)
Therapy is one place to connect with what is most real and urgent in your life. Engaging in your own healing in this collaborative space can offer you greater connection to your own knowing. Through working together relationally, I support your development toward more integrated ways of seeing yourself. I work within the understanding that there is no separation between the mind-body and believe that all emotions can become allies once we learn to understand their contribution and regulate their energy.
Therapy is one place to connect with what is most real and urgent in your life. Engaging in your own healing in this collaborative space can offer you greater connection to your own knowing. Through working together relationally, I support your development toward more integrated ways of seeing yourself. I work within the understanding that there is no separation between the mind-body and believe that all emotions can become allies once we learn to understand their contribution and regulate their energy.
(503) 386-0889 View (503) 386-0889
Photo of Wendy Haynes, Counselor in Portland, OR
Wendy Haynes
Counselor, MA, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
I hold PhD in Clinical Psychology and a Master's Degree in Psychology. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I support my clients in achieving greater well being by honing what is genuinely unique and important to them. I teach practices that boost resiliency to stress and inspire self-esteem and self-compassion to bloom. I support my clients in breaking through blocks and in unleashing authentic and dynamic self-expression, so that their values are congruent with their behavior and their intentions and desires become experiences that are truly lived.
I hold PhD in Clinical Psychology and a Master's Degree in Psychology. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I support my clients in achieving greater well being by honing what is genuinely unique and important to them. I teach practices that boost resiliency to stress and inspire self-esteem and self-compassion to bloom. I support my clients in breaking through blocks and in unleashing authentic and dynamic self-expression, so that their values are congruent with their behavior and their intentions and desires become experiences that are truly lived.
(503) 342-2158 View (503) 342-2158
Photo of Randy Olander, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Randy Olander
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213  (Online Only)
I’m similar to the clients I work with in a lot of ways. Before becoming a psychologist, I held numerous jobs as a warehouse worker, a cook, a salesman, a teacher, and a nurse. I began working in mental health in the 1983 first as an assistant for hospitalized persons suffering with mental illness. I then became a psychiatric nurse where I helped clients with their medications the psychiatrist prescribed them. For the last 24 years I have provided psychotherapy to hundreds of clients. I think my long time working as a therapist and my down to earth nature is what makes me different.
I’m similar to the clients I work with in a lot of ways. Before becoming a psychologist, I held numerous jobs as a warehouse worker, a cook, a salesman, a teacher, and a nurse. I began working in mental health in the 1983 first as an assistant for hospitalized persons suffering with mental illness. I then became a psychiatric nurse where I helped clients with their medications the psychiatrist prescribed them. For the last 24 years I have provided psychotherapy to hundreds of clients. I think my long time working as a therapist and my down to earth nature is what makes me different.
(503) 994-5004 View (503) 994-5004
Photo of Dr. Kit Sluys, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Dr. Kit Sluys
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97204
That constant nagging voice of “Am I good enough?” is ever present. Feeling pulled to please everyone, you are worn down. From the outside, it looks like you’ve got it together! On the inside, you’re stressed, doubting yourself, and wondering if you can feel true joy again. You don’t know where to begin to change things and worry about failing, so you don’t do anything. Questioning if you even deserve to feel better, you are left feeling stuck and alone in this cave of overwhelm, while life keeps going on without you.
That constant nagging voice of “Am I good enough?” is ever present. Feeling pulled to please everyone, you are worn down. From the outside, it looks like you’ve got it together! On the inside, you’re stressed, doubting yourself, and wondering if you can feel true joy again. You don’t know where to begin to change things and worry about failing, so you don’t do anything. Questioning if you even deserve to feel better, you are left feeling stuck and alone in this cave of overwhelm, while life keeps going on without you.
(971) 253-7370 View (971) 253-7370
Photo of Aiyana Lucas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Aiyana Lucas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I support my clients as they navigate through life transitions and uncertainty to reawaken their inner strength, reconnect to what matters most, and journey back to wholeness. I believe that therapy facilitates transformation through relationship, and that people heal with a deep sense of human connection. Through our work together we will create a safe space for you to explore and discover what health and wellness looks like for you. I provide the tools & compassionate presence for you to move through transitions, interrupt negative patterns and beliefs, to realign with your most authentic and empowered selves.
I support my clients as they navigate through life transitions and uncertainty to reawaken their inner strength, reconnect to what matters most, and journey back to wholeness. I believe that therapy facilitates transformation through relationship, and that people heal with a deep sense of human connection. Through our work together we will create a safe space for you to explore and discover what health and wellness looks like for you. I provide the tools & compassionate presence for you to move through transitions, interrupt negative patterns and beliefs, to realign with your most authentic and empowered selves.
View
Photo of Chloe V Rusca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Chloe V Rusca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97206  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If you're reading this, you've taken a huge step. Whether you can identify the hurdle you're facing or you're seeking support in getting to the bottom of this feeling- I am here to support you. We all need a neutral space where we can share our deeper feelings, talk openly about uncomfortable topics, and work towards living our best life. Relationships with others, and with ourselves, are complicated. Life is really hard, especially in 2024. I am here to sort out the things you can change and to accept those you can't. I am here to remind you that you are worth it.
If you're reading this, you've taken a huge step. Whether you can identify the hurdle you're facing or you're seeking support in getting to the bottom of this feeling- I am here to support you. We all need a neutral space where we can share our deeper feelings, talk openly about uncomfortable topics, and work towards living our best life. Relationships with others, and with ourselves, are complicated. Life is really hard, especially in 2024. I am here to sort out the things you can change and to accept those you can't. I am here to remind you that you are worth it.
(503) 217-6307 View (503) 217-6307
Photo of Kate Bentley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Kate Bentley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC 1
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97206  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. I am a queer identified therapist, who is person centered, relational and utilize practices from the following modalities: Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Somatic Awareness, Motivational Interviewing, Parts Work, The Invitation to Change Approach, 12 step, Harm Reduction and Self Compassion. I bring a unique perspective and have a relaxed, kind demeanor that typically puts people at ease. I have both training and lived experience in the following areas: Substance Use Disorders, navigating relationship with folks with SUD's, traumatic grief, trauma, LGBTQIA2S+ issues, mood d/o. I am kink, ENM and sex positive.
Hello and welcome. I am a queer identified therapist, who is person centered, relational and utilize practices from the following modalities: Brainspotting, Mindfulness, Somatic Awareness, Motivational Interviewing, Parts Work, The Invitation to Change Approach, 12 step, Harm Reduction and Self Compassion. I bring a unique perspective and have a relaxed, kind demeanor that typically puts people at ease. I have both training and lived experience in the following areas: Substance Use Disorders, navigating relationship with folks with SUD's, traumatic grief, trauma, LGBTQIA2S+ issues, mood d/o. I am kink, ENM and sex positive.
(503) 893-4237 View (503) 893-4237
Photo of Anchor Within Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Anchor Within Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97220
We all have lived experiences, life choices, and developmental stages which have shaped our story. Seeking therapy, or counseling, can carry a negative stigma in some families and communities. We work to change this perspective, especially concerning issues with youth, families, and racially-diverse communities. We work from a holistic perspective that includes attention to your physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and relational well-being. Our Therapists have a rich blend of experiences including: residential treatment, child welfare, adoption/foster care, parenting support, substance use, family care,& community mental health.
We all have lived experiences, life choices, and developmental stages which have shaped our story. Seeking therapy, or counseling, can carry a negative stigma in some families and communities. We work to change this perspective, especially concerning issues with youth, families, and racially-diverse communities. We work from a holistic perspective that includes attention to your physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and relational well-being. Our Therapists have a rich blend of experiences including: residential treatment, child welfare, adoption/foster care, parenting support, substance use, family care,& community mental health.
(503) 461-4170 View (503) 461-4170
Photo of William Hamel, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
William Hamel
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97202
I work with people who may be struggling to feel present in their life, or feel unable to enact their values for immediate and long term goals. Often, these struggles stem from things outside our control like past traumatic experiences and systematic oppression. In my collaborative approach to therapy, we will refocus on the experiences, decisions, and actions within your control to move your life in the direction you want it to go. My experiences includes working with symptoms of depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, anger, addictions, and life transitions.
I work with people who may be struggling to feel present in their life, or feel unable to enact their values for immediate and long term goals. Often, these struggles stem from things outside our control like past traumatic experiences and systematic oppression. In my collaborative approach to therapy, we will refocus on the experiences, decisions, and actions within your control to move your life in the direction you want it to go. My experiences includes working with symptoms of depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, anger, addictions, and life transitions.
(971) 290-1138 View (971) 290-1138

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.