Photo of Ginevra Are Cappiello, MA, Counselor
Ginevra Are Cappiello
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
I guide people who are feeling burned out, overwhelmed with life transitions, or who are lacking a sense of purpose and direction in life. Many of my clients include people who belong to often marginalized groups due to their unique life history. Whether you are dealing with strong anxiety and negative self-talk, are neurodivergent or have learning disabilities, are part of the LGBTQ+ community, are at a crossroads in your career, or are struggling with adjusting to US culture, I can be of help. I have a personal life experience with all of these instances, and years of experience supporting others in similar circumstances.
I guide people who are feeling burned out, overwhelmed with life transitions, or who are lacking a sense of purpose and direction in life. Many of my clients include people who belong to often marginalized groups due to their unique life history. Whether you are dealing with strong anxiety and negative self-talk, are neurodivergent or have learning disabilities, are part of the LGBTQ+ community, are at a crossroads in your career, or are struggling with adjusting to US culture, I can be of help. I have a personal life experience with all of these instances, and years of experience supporting others in similar circumstances.
(530) 444-4651 View (530) 444-4651
Photo of Belinda Stroud Psyd, Psychologist
Belinda Stroud Psyd
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Medicare provider supporting older adults as they navigate life stressors and transitions. You or a loved one may be struggling with family/couple dynamics, work/life balance, retirement, chronic health conditions, leaving your home and community, living with family, assisted living, or death of a loved one. You may be the person receiving or providing care. You may feel overwhelmed with grief or a loss of social connection, purpose, and identity. You may be experiencing increased vulnerability, sadness, or anxiety about the future, and a new awareness of your own mortality.
I am a Medicare provider supporting older adults as they navigate life stressors and transitions. You or a loved one may be struggling with family/couple dynamics, work/life balance, retirement, chronic health conditions, leaving your home and community, living with family, assisted living, or death of a loved one. You may be the person receiving or providing care. You may feel overwhelmed with grief or a loss of social connection, purpose, and identity. You may be experiencing increased vulnerability, sadness, or anxiety about the future, and a new awareness of your own mortality.
(530) 207-8832 View (530) 207-8832
Photo of Alysa Johnson - Therapy Link, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therapy Link
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I hold a master’s degree in social work from the University of Southern California. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of California. I offer over 15 years’ experience in trauma-based therapy, working with individuals (adolescents & adults) and teams dealing with life challenges. These issues include depression, anxiety, relationship stress/issues, work stress, post-traumatic stress, suicidal ideation, gender issues, ADHD, grief and many more. I have had the opportunity to work in crisis intervention, intellectual disability services, prison population and active-duty service members.
I hold a master’s degree in social work from the University of Southern California. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of California. I offer over 15 years’ experience in trauma-based therapy, working with individuals (adolescents & adults) and teams dealing with life challenges. These issues include depression, anxiety, relationship stress/issues, work stress, post-traumatic stress, suicidal ideation, gender issues, ADHD, grief and many more. I have had the opportunity to work in crisis intervention, intellectual disability services, prison population and active-duty service members.
(530) 395-1238 View (530) 395-1238
Photo of Michelle Spoelstra, PsyD, Psychologist
Michelle Spoelstra
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello and welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist, with over twenty years of experience in the field of mental health and therapy. I have spent many years working with professionals in the business and tech sector, as well as adolescents in the high school and university setting. I work with high-achieving, engaged clients who desire to strengthen their self-knowledge, improve their relationships and enhance their life. We focus on how to foster a growth mindset, improve self-care practices and clarify your unique life purpose, in order to live a value-oriented, joyful life.
Hello and welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist, with over twenty years of experience in the field of mental health and therapy. I have spent many years working with professionals in the business and tech sector, as well as adolescents in the high school and university setting. I work with high-achieving, engaged clients who desire to strengthen their self-knowledge, improve their relationships and enhance their life. We focus on how to foster a growth mindset, improve self-care practices and clarify your unique life purpose, in order to live a value-oriented, joyful life.
(650) 276-5827 View (650) 276-5827
Photo of Chris Boudoures, PsyD, Psychologist
Chris Boudoures
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Imagine a day when you wake up and things are exactly like you want them to be, the depression or anxiety is gone and there is hope for tomorrow. Psychotherapy can help you live in the moment, detach from things you can not change and grow to a more peaceful, confident self. Nothing would bring me more joy than to be able to help you achieve your goals whatever they might be.
Imagine a day when you wake up and things are exactly like you want them to be, the depression or anxiety is gone and there is hope for tomorrow. Psychotherapy can help you live in the moment, detach from things you can not change and grow to a more peaceful, confident self. Nothing would bring me more joy than to be able to help you achieve your goals whatever they might be.
(530) 723-1743 View (530) 723-1743
Photo of Elizabeth 'mac' MacLeod, PhD(c), LMFTA, EXA
Elizabeth 'mac' MacLeod
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD(c), LMFTA, EXA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Expressive Arts trauma-informed multicultural narrative approaches, applied with self-reflective multi-dimensional art modalities that grow clients' understanding of who they are, what their values are, and why they think, feel, and act the way they do. Mac also works with enhancing vital energy that calls on the wisdom of our ancestors and modern understandings of basic trauma-neurology, psychology, and somatic (body) awareness, along with peaceful practices to restore equilibrium that confirms the journey IS the destination. She also uses Attachment Theory to decode patterns of intergenerational trauma and identified gift
Expressive Arts trauma-informed multicultural narrative approaches, applied with self-reflective multi-dimensional art modalities that grow clients' understanding of who they are, what their values are, and why they think, feel, and act the way they do. Mac also works with enhancing vital energy that calls on the wisdom of our ancestors and modern understandings of basic trauma-neurology, psychology, and somatic (body) awareness, along with peaceful practices to restore equilibrium that confirms the journey IS the destination. She also uses Attachment Theory to decode patterns of intergenerational trauma and identified gift
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Photo of James Thomas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
I strive to meet people where they are, to listen and understand their values, to explore and encourage them to connect to what matters most to them. My goal is to help people cultivate loving acceptance of themselves, and gain insight of how the past impacts the present, while forging an awareness that the past does not have to dictate one’s current reality. Developing a clear, nonjudgmental view of their journey allows people to work towards creating a life congruent with their values. I believe all humans have inherent worth and dignity, I believe each person can overcome the trauma and struggles they have endured or face now.
I strive to meet people where they are, to listen and understand their values, to explore and encourage them to connect to what matters most to them. My goal is to help people cultivate loving acceptance of themselves, and gain insight of how the past impacts the present, while forging an awareness that the past does not have to dictate one’s current reality. Developing a clear, nonjudgmental view of their journey allows people to work towards creating a life congruent with their values. I believe all humans have inherent worth and dignity, I believe each person can overcome the trauma and struggles they have endured or face now.
(530) 444-5698 View (530) 444-5698
Photo of Michelle M Tagg, ASW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michelle M Tagg
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to help others process through this journey of life in a supportive and healthy way. Much of my career has been working with children and families addressing generational substance abuse, poverty, and domestic violence. I also have over 9 years of experience working in the hospice field and working through end of life events.
My goal is to help others process through this journey of life in a supportive and healthy way. Much of my career has been working with children and families addressing generational substance abuse, poverty, and domestic violence. I also have over 9 years of experience working in the hospice field and working through end of life events.
(530) 444-1912 View (530) 444-1912
Photo of Carolyn B Cooper, MS, LMFT, SEP, SAP, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Carolyn B Cooper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, SEP, SAP, EMDR
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Somatic Experiencing (SE) takes healing to a deeper level. Combined with 'top-down' approaches, SE helps identify strengths and intentions beneath painful survival patterns. Shame, fear and anger transform into vital life energy. Surviving becomes thriving. As a private practice psychotherapist based in SF & Marin for several years, I was fortunate to work with people from a wide variety of backgrounds. During the pandemic, my practice shifted to primarily virtual.
Somatic Experiencing (SE) takes healing to a deeper level. Combined with 'top-down' approaches, SE helps identify strengths and intentions beneath painful survival patterns. Shame, fear and anger transform into vital life energy. Surviving becomes thriving. As a private practice psychotherapist based in SF & Marin for several years, I was fortunate to work with people from a wide variety of backgrounds. During the pandemic, my practice shifted to primarily virtual.
(415) 941-6430 View (415) 941-6430
Photo of Spencer Campbell - Center for Transformational Therapy, MFT, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Center for Transformational Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, AMFT
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
At Center for Transformational Psychotherapy we are committed to the real possibility of happiness for every human being, regardless of individual background and circumstance. We work from a shared perspective that transformation occurs by developing a relationship with awareness, which includes and ultimately goes beyond the context of the ego. Within this shared perspective we offer a wide range of therapeutic techniques and will work with you to find the therapist who best meets your needs.
At Center for Transformational Psychotherapy we are committed to the real possibility of happiness for every human being, regardless of individual background and circumstance. We work from a shared perspective that transformation occurs by developing a relationship with awareness, which includes and ultimately goes beyond the context of the ego. Within this shared perspective we offer a wide range of therapeutic techniques and will work with you to find the therapist who best meets your needs.
(530) 771-6845 View (530) 771-6845
Photo of Tamara Wells - Individual, Couples and Parenting-Tamara Wells, ECSE, Pre-Licensed Professional
Individual, Couples and Parenting-Tamara Wells
Pre-Licensed Professional, ECSE
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
I specialize in individual therapy, couples counseling, parent coaching and parent/child bonding and attachment. It is my priority to provide a neuro affirming therapeutic space to all individuals and families. The experiences that we carry from childhood and past relationships, continue to impact our ability to trust, authentically express our feelings, parent effectively and have the intimate closeness that we crave.
I specialize in individual therapy, couples counseling, parent coaching and parent/child bonding and attachment. It is my priority to provide a neuro affirming therapeutic space to all individuals and families. The experiences that we carry from childhood and past relationships, continue to impact our ability to trust, authentically express our feelings, parent effectively and have the intimate closeness that we crave.
(530) 641-9508 View (530) 641-9508
Photo of Kendra R Riley, LPCC, RN
Kendra R Riley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, RN
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
I combine my two licenses (Licensed counselor and Registered Nurse) to offer a multitude of emotional and physical wellness tools. Through modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, person centered therapy, mindfulness, and EMDR, I help my clients reach their goals with proven tools and genuine compassion and connection. With my medical knowledge and sleep-wellness training, I offer personalized coaching to attain best quality sleep without the need for problematic sleep aides. Healthy sleep is imperative for a healthy mind and body, and anyone can develop an optimal sleep quality with the right training and habits!
I combine my two licenses (Licensed counselor and Registered Nurse) to offer a multitude of emotional and physical wellness tools. Through modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, person centered therapy, mindfulness, and EMDR, I help my clients reach their goals with proven tools and genuine compassion and connection. With my medical knowledge and sleep-wellness training, I offer personalized coaching to attain best quality sleep without the need for problematic sleep aides. Healthy sleep is imperative for a healthy mind and body, and anyone can develop an optimal sleep quality with the right training and habits!
(530) 412-5911 View (530) 412-5911
Photo of Lindsay French, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lindsay French
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Waitlist for new clients
As a Kindred Heart Therapy Group clinician, I understand that life can be difficult, and at times the challenges may feel impossible. A variety of reasons can prompt the decision to seek therapy. Whether it be a traumatic experience, a life transition, or another reason, I can help navigate challenges in your life in a way that works for you. I work with individuals and couples to explore their emotions and experiences in a safe environment that can increase understanding and help them reach their goals.
As a Kindred Heart Therapy Group clinician, I understand that life can be difficult, and at times the challenges may feel impossible. A variety of reasons can prompt the decision to seek therapy. Whether it be a traumatic experience, a life transition, or another reason, I can help navigate challenges in your life in a way that works for you. I work with individuals and couples to explore their emotions and experiences in a safe environment that can increase understanding and help them reach their goals.
(530) 418-6778 View (530) 418-6778
Photo of Kara Rane Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kara Rane Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Accepting NEW clients: I offer a light in discovering your authentic self. The innate expert in your own life who may be in the darkness now, but has the courage to find the gem within. I too have walked some difficult paths. These hard knocks have only made me gentler, kinder, wiser. Exploring the foundations of holistic health and the artistic realms of the imagination provides vast potential for humankind. In my work of assisting the rehabilitation of Birds of Prey, I also learned that to truly live takes more than the mechanics of a recovered body, but also requires that one wants to thrive. A spirit empowered to fully live.
Accepting NEW clients: I offer a light in discovering your authentic self. The innate expert in your own life who may be in the darkness now, but has the courage to find the gem within. I too have walked some difficult paths. These hard knocks have only made me gentler, kinder, wiser. Exploring the foundations of holistic health and the artistic realms of the imagination provides vast potential for humankind. In my work of assisting the rehabilitation of Birds of Prey, I also learned that to truly live takes more than the mechanics of a recovered body, but also requires that one wants to thrive. A spirit empowered to fully live.
(530) 287-6504 View (530) 287-6504
Photo of Aurora Packard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Aurora Packard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Waitlist for new clients
Are you facing challenges related to ADHD, autism, depression, and/or anxiety? Curious about neurodiversity diagnosis? Whether it's improved coping strategies, emotional regulation, or greater self-awareness you seek, let's explore together. I invite you to embark on a collaborative journey, leveraging evidence-based approaches to navigate challenges, uncover strengths, and cultivate resilience for lasting positive change. Your path to well-being begins with understanding and empowerment; reach out to start this transformative process today.
Are you facing challenges related to ADHD, autism, depression, and/or anxiety? Curious about neurodiversity diagnosis? Whether it's improved coping strategies, emotional regulation, or greater self-awareness you seek, let's explore together. I invite you to embark on a collaborative journey, leveraging evidence-based approaches to navigate challenges, uncover strengths, and cultivate resilience for lasting positive change. Your path to well-being begins with understanding and empowerment; reach out to start this transformative process today.
(530) 922-2467 View (530) 922-2467
Photo of Michelle Cowie, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michelle Cowie
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Penn Valley, CA 95946
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or difficult life experiences? You may feel stuck in the aftermath of trauma or have trouble creating healthy and rewarding relationships. Or maybe your past is getting in the way of you being your authentic self and meeting life's challenges. I would be honored to help you or your loved one to work through your pain, fear, or shame and learn how to live more fully in the present. I will work with you to discover and follow your own goals and values with compassion, humor, and open-mindedness.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or difficult life experiences? You may feel stuck in the aftermath of trauma or have trouble creating healthy and rewarding relationships. Or maybe your past is getting in the way of you being your authentic self and meeting life's challenges. I would be honored to help you or your loved one to work through your pain, fear, or shame and learn how to live more fully in the present. I will work with you to discover and follow your own goals and values with compassion, humor, and open-mindedness.
(530) 531-3346 View (530) 531-3346

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Cody Scheer, MS, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Cody Scheer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oroville, CA 95965
I am a young therapist who is passionate about helping people who are struggling with life's issues. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, and anger management. Growing up as teenager and young adult I experienced many of these afflictions myself and have dedicated my work towards helping those suffering from the same things. If you need help solving lifes problems or just becoming the best version of yourself, I can help you. I specialize in children, teens, and young adults, but am open to working with all ages.
I am a young therapist who is passionate about helping people who are struggling with life's issues. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, and anger management. Growing up as teenager and young adult I experienced many of these afflictions myself and have dedicated my work towards helping those suffering from the same things. If you need help solving lifes problems or just becoming the best version of yourself, I can help you. I specialize in children, teens, and young adults, but am open to working with all ages.
(530) 444-6461 View (530) 444-6461
Photo of Elyse Davis, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elyse Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Yuba City, CA 95993
I highly desire to preserve the family unit. I love working with couples, teens, family dynamics while exploring exestential concepts, challenging traditional roles and perceptions that result in individual autonomy, confidence and authentisity. I love helping blended families work together in finding common values, aligning with parenting styles and goals, while increasing life satisfaction for all indivduals involved. I enjoy supporting couples recover from addictions and infedelity as well as other challenges and barriers that are often identified as "dealbreakers" and reframing previous expectations to create new ones.
I highly desire to preserve the family unit. I love working with couples, teens, family dynamics while exploring exestential concepts, challenging traditional roles and perceptions that result in individual autonomy, confidence and authentisity. I love helping blended families work together in finding common values, aligning with parenting styles and goals, while increasing life satisfaction for all indivduals involved. I enjoy supporting couples recover from addictions and infedelity as well as other challenges and barriers that are often identified as "dealbreakers" and reframing previous expectations to create new ones.
(530) 709-6062 View (530) 709-6062
Photo of William Tanner, LCP, Psychologist
William Tanner
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Rocklin, CA 95765
Welcome! My name is Bill, and I appreciate your visiting my profile. I've been a licensed psychologist for the past 23 years and have enjoyed assisting a wide variety of clients in not only feeling better but also living better lives. This can mean developing strategies to deal with depression or anxiety, healing from past trauma, and enhancing relationships at home, work, and in the community.
Welcome! My name is Bill, and I appreciate your visiting my profile. I've been a licensed psychologist for the past 23 years and have enjoyed assisting a wide variety of clients in not only feeling better but also living better lives. This can mean developing strategies to deal with depression or anxiety, healing from past trauma, and enhancing relationships at home, work, and in the community.
(707) 340-6851 View (707) 340-6851
Photo of Kaellen Grace Lamonte, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaellen Grace Lamonte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Rocklin, CA 95765
I enjoy working with clients impacted by trauma stress depression anxiety and struggling with life's challenges. The therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of health, wellbeing and success. I use therapeutic modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, client centered therapy, relationship building practices which include supporting clients' Individual values and cultural experiences. I also am trained in dialectical behavioral therapy and trauma focused therapy. I work with all ages from approximately 8 years old to 100 years old. I am empathic, caring, supportive and resourceful
I enjoy working with clients impacted by trauma stress depression anxiety and struggling with life's challenges. The therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of health, wellbeing and success. I use therapeutic modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, client centered therapy, relationship building practices which include supporting clients' Individual values and cultural experiences. I also am trained in dialectical behavioral therapy and trauma focused therapy. I work with all ages from approximately 8 years old to 100 years old. I am empathic, caring, supportive and resourceful
(916) 525-8640 View (916) 525-8640

See more therapy options for 95946

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95946

10+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in 95946 who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
81% Depression
81% Coping Skills
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Family Conflict
69% Relationship Issues
69% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Medi-Cal
25% Medicare
25% Managed Health Network (MHN)

How Therapists in 95946 see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

93% Female
7% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95946?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.