Therapists in 95945

Photo of Sierra Sparks - Sierra Therapy Center, LMFT
Sierra Therapy Center
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
(530) 419-5189 View (530) 419-5189
Photo of Sierra Therese Sparks, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sierra Therese Sparks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Grass Valley, CA 95945
The best project you will ever work on is YOU (or your relationships). There is HOPE and everyone has a story. I am here to hear yours, your families, relationships or child's. I will coach you through the challenges you face with compassion and trust. I am a psychotherapist and the owner/director of Sierra Family Therapy Centers in Nevada County. I work with couples, individuals and troubled teens/children. My approach is strength-based, providing support and feedback to my clients in order to help gain insight towards improving your life.
The best project you will ever work on is YOU (or your relationships). There is HOPE and everyone has a story. I am here to hear yours, your families, relationships or child's. I will coach you through the challenges you face with compassion and trust. I am a psychotherapist and the owner/director of Sierra Family Therapy Centers in Nevada County. I work with couples, individuals and troubled teens/children. My approach is strength-based, providing support and feedback to my clients in order to help gain insight towards improving your life.
(530) 419-5818 View (530) 419-5818
Photo of Amelia Gough, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Amelia Gough
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I’m am one of the few therapists seeing in person clients for EMDR therapy in Nevada County. Whether you're struggling with an issue, or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, I can help. I provide a caring environment where you can identify and explore those issues that may be getting in the way of more rewarding relationships. The goal is to help provide you with insight and tools you need to move beyond old, limiting beliefs and behaviors. I have over 25 years experience. I will help you identify limiting beliefs and unhealthy coping mechanisms that are standing in the way of reaching your goals.
I’m am one of the few therapists seeing in person clients for EMDR therapy in Nevada County. Whether you're struggling with an issue, or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, I can help. I provide a caring environment where you can identify and explore those issues that may be getting in the way of more rewarding relationships. The goal is to help provide you with insight and tools you need to move beyond old, limiting beliefs and behaviors. I have over 25 years experience. I will help you identify limiting beliefs and unhealthy coping mechanisms that are standing in the way of reaching your goals.
(530) 554-9319 View (530) 554-9319
Photo of Bonnie Lee Eskie, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, CMT
Bonnie Lee Eskie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, CMT
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Life can be challenging. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, and stuck? Would you like life to be more fulfilling, and feel happy, empowered, and satisfied in your close relationships? Would you like to learn communication techniques and stress management skills that really work? Are you interested in transformation. If so I can help. My aim is to help you get quick relief in your life now, and empower you with skills, and tools to discover your innate wisdom, in the face of life challenges. I will help you create the life you want and love the life you live.
Life can be challenging. Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed, and stuck? Would you like life to be more fulfilling, and feel happy, empowered, and satisfied in your close relationships? Would you like to learn communication techniques and stress management skills that really work? Are you interested in transformation. If so I can help. My aim is to help you get quick relief in your life now, and empower you with skills, and tools to discover your innate wisdom, in the face of life challenges. I will help you create the life you want and love the life you live.
(530) 235-5541 View (530) 235-5541
Photo of Sylvia Wenninger, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sylvia Wenninger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
If you feel stuck -- whether it's the loneliness of an unfulfilling relationship, the dark hole of depression, or the bewilderment of grief -- I would welcome the chance to connect with you. In my fifteen years of practice, I have helped clients to emerge renewed from some of life's hardest places.
If you feel stuck -- whether it's the loneliness of an unfulfilling relationship, the dark hole of depression, or the bewilderment of grief -- I would welcome the chance to connect with you. In my fifteen years of practice, I have helped clients to emerge renewed from some of life's hardest places.
(415) 799-4207 View (415) 799-4207
Photo of Charline D Tocchi, Psychologist, PsyD
Charline D Tocchi
Psychologist, PsyD
Grass Valley, CA 95945
My primary philosophy uses a humanistic, embodied approach to somatic psychology. Using developmental based theories, I focus on healing from the inside out. Increasing positive self-awareness motivates the individual to investigate soulful changes that produce more joy and satisfaction in their everyday life. I continue to see adults, for both assessment and treatment of anxiety, depression, and other life cycle challenges.
My primary philosophy uses a humanistic, embodied approach to somatic psychology. Using developmental based theories, I focus on healing from the inside out. Increasing positive self-awareness motivates the individual to investigate soulful changes that produce more joy and satisfaction in their everyday life. I continue to see adults, for both assessment and treatment of anxiety, depression, and other life cycle challenges.
(530) 432-2984 View (530) 432-2984
Photo of Paul Allen Jaffe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Paul Allen Jaffe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I hold my clients in high-regard and carefully listen to hear the contours of your life and what inspires you. My approach is warm, incisive, and encourageing of your strengths, as I believe your strengths are the best lens with which to see and improve your weaknesses. Growing up, many people do not receive the support and encouragement they need and their self-esteem and self-confidence suffer as a result; I will colloborate and work with you to understand and overcome that deficit. I have expertise in the treatment of anxiety, ADD, and depression. I also specialize in relationships and conflict resolution/de-escalation.
I hold my clients in high-regard and carefully listen to hear the contours of your life and what inspires you. My approach is warm, incisive, and encourageing of your strengths, as I believe your strengths are the best lens with which to see and improve your weaknesses. Growing up, many people do not receive the support and encouragement they need and their self-esteem and self-confidence suffer as a result; I will colloborate and work with you to understand and overcome that deficit. I have expertise in the treatment of anxiety, ADD, and depression. I also specialize in relationships and conflict resolution/de-escalation.
(530) 457-1086 View (530) 457-1086
Photo of Brian David Parker, Counselor, LPCC, MA
Brian David Parker
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
(530) 444-6203 View (530) 444-6203
Photo of Laura Jaco, Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Laura Jaco
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Grass Valley, CA 95945
As a Marriage and Family Therapist Intern, I bring a compassionate, trauma-informed approach to my work. With a background in community crisis settings, I've supported individuals and families through challenging times and have developed a special focus on trauma work. I also enjoy working with children and supporting them through their unique journeys. I have a strong interest in helping couples strengthen their relationships using Emotionally Focused Therapy. And while I'm still growing my expertise in Internal Family Systems Therapy, I am excited to incorporate this where it can benefit my clients.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist Intern, I bring a compassionate, trauma-informed approach to my work. With a background in community crisis settings, I've supported individuals and families through challenging times and have developed a special focus on trauma work. I also enjoy working with children and supporting them through their unique journeys. I have a strong interest in helping couples strengthen their relationships using Emotionally Focused Therapy. And while I'm still growing my expertise in Internal Family Systems Therapy, I am excited to incorporate this where it can benefit my clients.
(530) 236-6160 View (530) 236-6160
Photo of Gerry K Shea, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Gerry K Shea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I have over 35 years of experience in treating a variety of mental health issues. I bring that experience to my clients, and help them cope with life changes, relationship and family issues, work related issues and managing chronic mental illness. I can provide treatment for trauma using EMDR and other well known treatment modalities. I am committed to helping my clients reach their treatment and life goals and care about helping them succeed in life.
I have over 35 years of experience in treating a variety of mental health issues. I bring that experience to my clients, and help them cope with life changes, relationship and family issues, work related issues and managing chronic mental illness. I can provide treatment for trauma using EMDR and other well known treatment modalities. I am committed to helping my clients reach their treatment and life goals and care about helping them succeed in life.
(530) 453-0841 View (530) 453-0841
Photo of Ginevra Are Cappiello, Counselor, MA
Ginevra Are Cappiello
Counselor, MA
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with transitions, or lacking direction in life. If you deal with anxiety due to a career change, are at a crossroads in your life, or are looking to improve your executive functioning skills, I can be of help. Most of my clients belong to marginalized groups due to their unique background. Whether you are neurodivergent and have learning disabilities, are LGBTQA+, or are an immigrant adjusting to life in the United States, my work is for you. I have personal life experience with all of these instances, and 15+ years under my belt supporting others in similar circumstances.
I work with people who are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with transitions, or lacking direction in life. If you deal with anxiety due to a career change, are at a crossroads in your life, or are looking to improve your executive functioning skills, I can be of help. Most of my clients belong to marginalized groups due to their unique background. Whether you are neurodivergent and have learning disabilities, are LGBTQA+, or are an immigrant adjusting to life in the United States, my work is for you. I have personal life experience with all of these instances, and 15+ years under my belt supporting others in similar circumstances.
(530) 444-4651 View (530) 444-4651
Photo of Jay Inglee, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMH, CPT
Jay Inglee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMH, CPT
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
Thank You for your time. Over the years I have worked with people from varied walks of life including children with social and emotional difficulties, adolescents facing their own unique challenges, adults, couples and entire families. I have been fortunate to train with experts in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Object Relations, Self Psychology, Play and Sand Tray Therapy as well as, Family Systems, Structural Family Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In addition, I am certified in the clinical application of hypnotherapy through, and former Vice President of, the American Psychotherapy & Medical Hypnosis Association.
(530) 771-6416 View (530) 771-6416
Photo of Robert Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Robert Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I believe in the healing force within each person and its natural inclination to arc towards wholeness and health. If we want it enough, have patience, clarity and support we can heal and feel freedom in life. Growth happens best in relationship and I am here to support you on your path, wherever that might be. I am anchored in Jungian psychology, Existentialism and AEDP/Somatic work. More importantly, I try to cultivate a sense of warmth, care, respect and curiosity in my work with clients. I work with clients experiencing: anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family issues, PTSD, self-criticism and lack of meaning.
I believe in the healing force within each person and its natural inclination to arc towards wholeness and health. If we want it enough, have patience, clarity and support we can heal and feel freedom in life. Growth happens best in relationship and I am here to support you on your path, wherever that might be. I am anchored in Jungian psychology, Existentialism and AEDP/Somatic work. More importantly, I try to cultivate a sense of warmth, care, respect and curiosity in my work with clients. I work with clients experiencing: anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family issues, PTSD, self-criticism and lack of meaning.
(530) 763-1776 View (530) 763-1776
Photo of Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCHT
Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CCHT
6 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
(530) 675-8464 View (530) 675-8464
Photo of Liz Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Liz Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I offer confidential psychotherapy to adults, adolescents, and families in a compassionate, safe and nonjudgmental environment. My approach to therapy is trauma-informed, client-centered, collaborative, and strength-based. It is my belief that we are all unique and one approach does not fit all. I enjoy helping my clients in a broad range of issues, including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, addictions, co-dependency recovery, life-transitions, and adoption issues. I consider it a privilege to come alongside and support individuals and families as they navigate life's many challenges and joys.
I offer confidential psychotherapy to adults, adolescents, and families in a compassionate, safe and nonjudgmental environment. My approach to therapy is trauma-informed, client-centered, collaborative, and strength-based. It is my belief that we are all unique and one approach does not fit all. I enjoy helping my clients in a broad range of issues, including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, addictions, co-dependency recovery, life-transitions, and adoption issues. I consider it a privilege to come alongside and support individuals and families as they navigate life's many challenges and joys.
(530) 771-6484 View (530) 771-6484
Photo of Christine Shelton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Christine Shelton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I have a special heart to help people. I offer kind and compassionate therapy to help individuals, couples, families, teens, and children smooth out and overcome the bumps in life's path. I encourage, empower, and educate clients on using effective tools to help them on their journey through life. I am an experienced clinician and have been supporting individuals and families since 2002. I will help you gain tools to lead to positive change and a healthy, happy life. Call me to get help with anxiety, depression, communication, stages of life, trauma, self-esteem, stress, co-parenting and problem-solving.
I have a special heart to help people. I offer kind and compassionate therapy to help individuals, couples, families, teens, and children smooth out and overcome the bumps in life's path. I encourage, empower, and educate clients on using effective tools to help them on their journey through life. I am an experienced clinician and have been supporting individuals and families since 2002. I will help you gain tools to lead to positive change and a healthy, happy life. Call me to get help with anxiety, depression, communication, stages of life, trauma, self-esteem, stress, co-parenting and problem-solving.
(530) 802-8005 View (530) 802-8005
Photo of Sierra Burton - Once Upon A Time Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Once Upon A Time Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
We are a center and safe place with compassionate and professional counseling services located in Nevada County. We specialize in the treatment of mental, emotional, psychological and relationship problems using the latest theory and research-based approaches. We have a team of clinicians with various backgrounds, theoretical orientations, including Narrative Therapy approaches. We offer a sliding scale and Medi-Cal.
We are a center and safe place with compassionate and professional counseling services located in Nevada County. We specialize in the treatment of mental, emotional, psychological and relationship problems using the latest theory and research-based approaches. We have a team of clinicians with various backgrounds, theoretical orientations, including Narrative Therapy approaches. We offer a sliding scale and Medi-Cal.
(530) 454-8761 View (530) 454-8761
Photo of Maya Waterstar, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Maya Waterstar
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You may be carrying the weight of trauma, anxiety, grief, or a life transition that has left you feeling disconnected from yourself. I believe healing isn't about becoming someone new; it's about gently removing the barriers that trauma has created so your authentic self can emerge. Before becoming a therapist, I spent 10 years as a spiritual counselor, an experience that continues to shape my compassionate, grounded approach. Together, we'll create a space where your nervous system can soften, your story can be honored, and healing can unfold in its own time.
You may be carrying the weight of trauma, anxiety, grief, or a life transition that has left you feeling disconnected from yourself. I believe healing isn't about becoming someone new; it's about gently removing the barriers that trauma has created so your authentic self can emerge. Before becoming a therapist, I spent 10 years as a spiritual counselor, an experience that continues to shape my compassionate, grounded approach. Together, we'll create a space where your nervous system can soften, your story can be honored, and healing can unfold in its own time.
(530) 287-9500 View (530) 287-9500
Photo of Julia Mudarri, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Julia Mudarri
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
(408) 560-4758 View (408) 560-4758
Photo of Sean Merrick, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sean Merrick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Let's go beyond traditional talk therapy. Beyond coping skills & symptom reduction. Let's take a real, deep dive - into self-exploration. That nurtures life long healing with courage, evolution, authenticity, & change. Having a therapist who has faced life's traumas & devotes their own healing to daily practices. Can provide unique offerings that builds both safety & trust. Toward a path of brave self-exploration. Allowing hidden wounds to softly surface & allow unrecognized wisdoms to be discovered.
Let's go beyond traditional talk therapy. Beyond coping skills & symptom reduction. Let's take a real, deep dive - into self-exploration. That nurtures life long healing with courage, evolution, authenticity, & change. Having a therapist who has faced life's traumas & devotes their own healing to daily practices. Can provide unique offerings that builds both safety & trust. Toward a path of brave self-exploration. Allowing hidden wounds to softly surface & allow unrecognized wisdoms to be discovered.
(530) 429-8148 View (530) 429-8148

See more therapy options for 95945

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95945

100+

Average cost per session

$159

Therapists in 95945 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
88% Depression
83% Trauma and PTSD
83% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
46% Cigna and Evernorth
45% Anthem

How Therapists in 95945 see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95945?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.