Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Linda Tran, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Linda Tran
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Linda Tran is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She graduated with a Bachelor's of Arts degree in Psychology from Sonoma State University and obtained her Master's in Clinical Psychology from National University. With her diverse and extensive experience in the mental health field, Linda is able to help individuals within a wide variety of cultural backgrounds, experience and beliefs reach their ability to live healthier, more functional, and fulfilling lives.
Linda Tran is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2013. She graduated with a Bachelor's of Arts degree in Psychology from Sonoma State University and obtained her Master's in Clinical Psychology from National University. With her diverse and extensive experience in the mental health field, Linda is able to help individuals within a wide variety of cultural backgrounds, experience and beliefs reach their ability to live healthier, more functional, and fulfilling lives.
(916) 796-4508 View (916) 796-4508
Photo of Christina Villanueva, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Christina Villanueva
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Many times while on our journey through life we can become confused and experience difficulty finding our way. My hope is to help you process difficulties that you might be facing and help you focus on what matters most to you. I treat many issues and areas of concern such as, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, life transitions, separation, loss, self-esteem, codependency, anger, co-parenting, childhood trauma, teen issues and concerns, sexuality, and marital concerns. Availability: Monday - Wednesday early evenings and Saturday mornings and afternoons.
Many times while on our journey through life we can become confused and experience difficulty finding our way. My hope is to help you process difficulties that you might be facing and help you focus on what matters most to you. I treat many issues and areas of concern such as, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, life transitions, separation, loss, self-esteem, codependency, anger, co-parenting, childhood trauma, teen issues and concerns, sexuality, and marital concerns. Availability: Monday - Wednesday early evenings and Saturday mornings and afternoons.
(916) 621-5507 View (916) 621-5507
Photo of Balance LEP, Jennifer Judy, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Balance LEP, Jennifer Judy
Psychologist, MA, LEP
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819
I primarily work with children ages 6 and up on issues related to anxiety, depression, school stress, executive functioning/ADHD or other school-related struggles. In addition to one on one counseling services, I do a 6 week yoga/group counseling workshop after school for kids ages 7-10, and a teen yoga group is starting soon as well. More info on my website.
I primarily work with children ages 6 and up on issues related to anxiety, depression, school stress, executive functioning/ADHD or other school-related struggles. In addition to one on one counseling services, I do a 6 week yoga/group counseling workshop after school for kids ages 7-10, and a teen yoga group is starting soon as well. More info on my website.
(916) 545-8532 View (916) 545-8532
Photo of Casi Del Greco (Virtual Therapist Only), Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Casi Del Greco (Virtual Therapist Only)
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
“Change Your Thoughts and You’ll Change Your World”. My goal is to offer and provide support within the therapeutic relationship that allows for you to gain insight on discovering your needs. I believe everyone needs support but struggles with how to ask for help. In my practices I provide the time and space for you to feel heard, supported, and most importantly I provide empathy. Empathy is a powerful word as it defines the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone might be thinking or feeling. I always try to create a warm, heartening, and empathetic environment with every client.
“Change Your Thoughts and You’ll Change Your World”. My goal is to offer and provide support within the therapeutic relationship that allows for you to gain insight on discovering your needs. I believe everyone needs support but struggles with how to ask for help. In my practices I provide the time and space for you to feel heard, supported, and most importantly I provide empathy. Empathy is a powerful word as it defines the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone might be thinking or feeling. I always try to create a warm, heartening, and empathetic environment with every client.
(916) 884-5155 View (916) 884-5155
Photo of Dawn Mehalakis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Dawn Mehalakis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95842  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) in California. I have been working as a therapist for 13 years. In my work, I am fortunate to have worked with both children and adults struggling in childhood abuse, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. In addition, I work with adults with Substance Abuse Disorder, caregivers caring for a mentally ill loved one, functional life skills, relationship issues, and parenting.
I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) in California. I have been working as a therapist for 13 years. In my work, I am fortunate to have worked with both children and adults struggling in childhood abuse, traumatic experiences, grief and loss, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. In addition, I work with adults with Substance Abuse Disorder, caregivers caring for a mentally ill loved one, functional life skills, relationship issues, and parenting.
(530) 940-9538 View (530) 940-9538
Photo of Laini Golden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Laini Golden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95864
We all have times in our lives when we are not able to work through difficulties without help. I am devoted to helping people work through these challenges. Sometimes life changes bring up anxiety or lead to depression. But sometimes the cause of inner turmoil is not so clear. My therapy style has been effective at helping people overcome their obstacles, enhance their sense of self-worth, and improve the quality of their relationships.
We all have times in our lives when we are not able to work through difficulties without help. I am devoted to helping people work through these challenges. Sometimes life changes bring up anxiety or lead to depression. But sometimes the cause of inner turmoil is not so clear. My therapy style has been effective at helping people overcome their obstacles, enhance their sense of self-worth, and improve the quality of their relationships.
(916) 571-1565 View (916) 571-1565
Photo of Eva Rae Erickson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Eva Rae Erickson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Not accepting new clients
Hello and welcome! I work with both individuals and couples who are open, introspective, and ready to experience new meaning in their most important relationships. I often help those struggling with a general sense of relationship dissatisfaction, tension between them and their partner, or feelings of isolation from themselves, their loved ones, or both. When these struggles feel overwhelming, I know how important it is to have a space in which all parts of you are fully seen and honored, and in which you feel as if you are growing into your truest, most authentic self.
Hello and welcome! I work with both individuals and couples who are open, introspective, and ready to experience new meaning in their most important relationships. I often help those struggling with a general sense of relationship dissatisfaction, tension between them and their partner, or feelings of isolation from themselves, their loved ones, or both. When these struggles feel overwhelming, I know how important it is to have a space in which all parts of you are fully seen and honored, and in which you feel as if you are growing into your truest, most authentic self.
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Photo of Veronica Kennedy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Veronica Kennedy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, EMT-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95819
**ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDER CLIENTS** You must be tired of feeling anxious and/or depressed. You are ready to make changes to have the life you deserve. You are ready to find your voice by learning techniques and tools to feel safe. You are ready to put in the work to help release the anxiety, depression, and heaviness of life. YOU ARE READY TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF YOURSELF!
**ONLY ACCEPTING FIRST RESPONDER CLIENTS** You must be tired of feeling anxious and/or depressed. You are ready to make changes to have the life you deserve. You are ready to find your voice by learning techniques and tools to feel safe. You are ready to put in the work to help release the anxiety, depression, and heaviness of life. YOU ARE READY TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF YOURSELF!
(951) 355-2605 View (951) 355-2605
Photo of Dr. Rachel Mapenzi, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Rachel Mapenzi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Hello, I currently offer telehealth and in-person services for adults seeking individual therapy (telehealth only in NE). I have a collaborative and compassionate approach to therapy. I am an authentic, down-to-earth person who wants to empower each client. I feel very honored to hear each person's story, help them work towards their goals, and love themselves as a whole person.
Hello, I currently offer telehealth and in-person services for adults seeking individual therapy (telehealth only in NE). I have a collaborative and compassionate approach to therapy. I am an authentic, down-to-earth person who wants to empower each client. I feel very honored to hear each person's story, help them work towards their goals, and love themselves as a whole person.
(916) 891-1644 View (916) 891-1644
Photo of Karmelle Ramillano, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Karmelle Ramillano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95833
My name is Karmelle Ramillano and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in mood, anxiety, and trauma disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients care for their mental well-being and achieve their mental health goals. I typically work with adults from as young as 18 years old to adults in their 60s who are hoping to process trauma. Other conditions I most often treat include depression, anxiety, PTSD, low self-esteem, and stress.
My name is Karmelle Ramillano and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Southern California and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in mood, anxiety, and trauma disorders. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients care for their mental well-being and achieve their mental health goals. I typically work with adults from as young as 18 years old to adults in their 60s who are hoping to process trauma. Other conditions I most often treat include depression, anxiety, PTSD, low self-esteem, and stress.
(916) 378-1780 View (916) 378-1780
Photo of Jeffrey W Danese, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Jeffrey W Danese
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, MA, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I graduated from a M.S. mental health counseling program at Eastern Washington University in 1995, got certified and ran a private practice in Seattle from 1995 through 2003. I worked in an outpatient community clinic, an inpatient psychiatric hospital, at retreat centers, and at a college counseling center until starting work on a PhD in Religious Studies and Psychology. I worked, studied, and lived in Europe, East Asia, and Africa before teaching 10 years at San Jose State University, so I am comfortable and confident working with very different sorts of people and I want everyone and anyone to feel welcome and at ease in my care.
I graduated from a M.S. mental health counseling program at Eastern Washington University in 1995, got certified and ran a private practice in Seattle from 1995 through 2003. I worked in an outpatient community clinic, an inpatient psychiatric hospital, at retreat centers, and at a college counseling center until starting work on a PhD in Religious Studies and Psychology. I worked, studied, and lived in Europe, East Asia, and Africa before teaching 10 years at San Jose State University, so I am comfortable and confident working with very different sorts of people and I want everyone and anyone to feel welcome and at ease in my care.
(916) 354-6244 View (916) 354-6244
Photo of Tiffany Wetzel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Tiffany Wetzel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Not accepting new clients
Creating therapeutic trust and emotional safety are two of my greatest strengths as a therapist. I will work with you to create an environment in which you can discover your own truth and authentic self, and increase your capacity to make healthy life choices and find fulfilling relationships. I work to help my clients better understand the motivations for their actions and decisions in their lives.
Creating therapeutic trust and emotional safety are two of my greatest strengths as a therapist. I will work with you to create an environment in which you can discover your own truth and authentic self, and increase your capacity to make healthy life choices and find fulfilling relationships. I work to help my clients better understand the motivations for their actions and decisions in their lives.
(916) 378-5041 View (916) 378-5041
Photo of Guided Legal Psychological Solutions , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Guided Legal Psychological Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
The empowerment, accessibility to quality care is the right of all. To be a part of a movement that promotes and cultivates growth and mental stability. Dr Alexander Edwards, use of technology, and groundbreaking clinical treatment approaches such as EMDR, CBT and DBT to relieve the symptoms associated with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Dr Alexander Edwards has over 18 years of experience helping individuals gain the feeling of empowerment and awareness through his expert and humanistic approach to ensure that you have the tools needed to navigate those challenges of life. To learn more please schedule a consultation.
The empowerment, accessibility to quality care is the right of all. To be a part of a movement that promotes and cultivates growth and mental stability. Dr Alexander Edwards, use of technology, and groundbreaking clinical treatment approaches such as EMDR, CBT and DBT to relieve the symptoms associated with trauma, anxiety, and depression. Dr Alexander Edwards has over 18 years of experience helping individuals gain the feeling of empowerment and awareness through his expert and humanistic approach to ensure that you have the tools needed to navigate those challenges of life. To learn more please schedule a consultation.
(858) 544-0353 View (858) 544-0353
Photo of Karen Miller, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Karen Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in working with people experiencing anxiety, depression, eating disorders, life transitions, career issues, grief/bereavement, gains and losses, self-esteem and body image issues, and trauma. I work collaboratively with clients in order to empower them to be their best selves. I use a client-centered approach to counsel and address clients’ unique challenges from developmental, cultural, and psychological viewpoints. I help clients to see what is in their control to change and where it may help to practice acceptance.
I am a licensed psychologist who specializes in working with people experiencing anxiety, depression, eating disorders, life transitions, career issues, grief/bereavement, gains and losses, self-esteem and body image issues, and trauma. I work collaboratively with clients in order to empower them to be their best selves. I use a client-centered approach to counsel and address clients’ unique challenges from developmental, cultural, and psychological viewpoints. I help clients to see what is in their control to change and where it may help to practice acceptance.
(916) 237-9569 View (916) 237-9569
Photo of Mary Valtierra, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Mary Valtierra
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
I believe that each of us feels most alive and fulfilled when actively pursuing the genuine expression of one's self. My role as therapist is to assist you in attaining this expression. Many symptoms such as depression, anxiety or self-destructiveness, arise when one is not acting in accordance with one's authentic self. Therapy will help identify what blocks this self-expression and gently challenge you toward greater self knowledge. We'll work together to identify your unique path toward self realization.
I believe that each of us feels most alive and fulfilled when actively pursuing the genuine expression of one's self. My role as therapist is to assist you in attaining this expression. Many symptoms such as depression, anxiety or self-destructiveness, arise when one is not acting in accordance with one's authentic self. Therapy will help identify what blocks this self-expression and gently challenge you toward greater self knowledge. We'll work together to identify your unique path toward self realization.
(916) 226-4579 View (916) 226-4579
Photo of Vanessa Heffington, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Vanessa Heffington
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822  (Online Only)
While working in ABA, I supported my clients in developing language, cognition, and adaptive skills for daily life. In private practice and community based mental health, I worked with children, adolescents, adults, parents, and families through individual therapy, education based behavior intervention and mental health counseling, social skills development in the individual and group settings, and caregiver psycho-education.
While working in ABA, I supported my clients in developing language, cognition, and adaptive skills for daily life. In private practice and community based mental health, I worked with children, adolescents, adults, parents, and families through individual therapy, education based behavior intervention and mental health counseling, social skills development in the individual and group settings, and caregiver psycho-education.
(916) 866-7518 View (916) 866-7518
Photo of Mikara Dorsey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Mikara Dorsey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825  (Online Only)
I recognize the importance of tailoring therapeutic approaches to suit individual needs and believe that each person has their own set of strengths. My goal is to foster personal growth and resilience in each individual. I have experience supporting clients with many different needs such as anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, life transitions, self-harm, and trauma. I have extensive experience with trauma-based care.
I recognize the importance of tailoring therapeutic approaches to suit individual needs and believe that each person has their own set of strengths. My goal is to foster personal growth and resilience in each individual. I have experience supporting clients with many different needs such as anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, life transitions, self-harm, and trauma. I have extensive experience with trauma-based care.
(916) 775-8896 View (916) 775-8896
Photo of Claudia Mei Hammerschmidt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Claudia Mei Hammerschmidt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811  (Online Only)
Alongside the general anxiety & depression issues that bring many to therapy, I’m passionate about supporting those experiencing loss. Whether grappling with the end of a relationship, the passing of a loved one, or the upheaval of a job loss; loss affects us all deeply. Often accompanying these losses is a sense of identity dissolution, which can be disorienting yet holds potential for profound personal growth. My therapeutic approach to relational loss is rooted in a trauma-informed lens, informed by my extensive exploration of grief.
Alongside the general anxiety & depression issues that bring many to therapy, I’m passionate about supporting those experiencing loss. Whether grappling with the end of a relationship, the passing of a loved one, or the upheaval of a job loss; loss affects us all deeply. Often accompanying these losses is a sense of identity dissolution, which can be disorienting yet holds potential for profound personal growth. My therapeutic approach to relational loss is rooted in a trauma-informed lens, informed by my extensive exploration of grief.
(916) 426-7730 View (916) 426-7730
Photo of Elizabeth (Betsy) Gerbert, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Elizabeth (Betsy) Gerbert
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95820
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC) who graduated with an M.S. in clinical counseling from Chestnut Hill College in Philadelphia, PA. I have been practicing therapy for the past 15 years specializing in both individual and family therapy. I have worked with children, tweens, adolescents, and adults. My approach to therapy is tailored to you and/or your children’s needs. I approach therapy using concepts from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a family systems approach, trauma-informed care, and mindfulness-based skills.
I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC) who graduated with an M.S. in clinical counseling from Chestnut Hill College in Philadelphia, PA. I have been practicing therapy for the past 15 years specializing in both individual and family therapy. I have worked with children, tweens, adolescents, and adults. My approach to therapy is tailored to you and/or your children’s needs. I approach therapy using concepts from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a family systems approach, trauma-informed care, and mindfulness-based skills.
(916) 237-8168 View (916) 237-8168
Photo of Rosemary MacLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rosemary MacLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
Therapy is an important step in a person's life, one that takes courage, awareness and careful thought. As a practicing psychotherapist for the last 15 years, I find it a privilege and honor to work with clients as they grow and learn about themselves and their lives. I believe it can be a wonderful opportunity to explore and move towards what is meaningful to you in your life. I also believe firmly that the therapist-client relationship is an important aspect in allowing for effective change and I strive to provide a warm, supportive and trusting environment throughout the process.
(916) 297-4561 View (916) 297-4561

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.