Therapists in 95020

Photo of Carol A. Johnson-Schroetlin, Psychologist, Psy.D.
Carol A. Johnson-Schroetlin
Psychologist, Psy.D.
Gilroy, CA 95020
Grief can feel like a weight that never lifts — and when trauma is part of the picture, it's hard to know where the sadness ends and the survival mode begins. You might be pushing through anxiety that won't quiet down, a low mood that makes everything harder, or the exhaustion of caregiving while carrying your own pain. You don't have to keep doing this alone. With over 23 years of experience as a licensed psychologist, I help adults and older adults work through grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, and the stress of life transitions — including caregiving and family concerns.
Grief can feel like a weight that never lifts — and when trauma is part of the picture, it's hard to know where the sadness ends and the survival mode begins. You might be pushing through anxiety that won't quiet down, a low mood that makes everything harder, or the exhaustion of caregiving while carrying your own pain. You don't have to keep doing this alone. With over 23 years of experience as a licensed psychologist, I help adults and older adults work through grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, and the stress of life transitions — including caregiving and family concerns.
(669) 345-4453 View (669) 345-4453
Photo of Ashley Marlo-Monique Meeks, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ashley Marlo-Monique Meeks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
I have worked with children, adolescents, and young adults ranging in various ages. I worked as a Behavioral Therapist, and Developmental Specialist for 5 years prior to receiving my degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. I am passionate about helping families, children, and adolescents build positive communication and healthy boundaries. I work with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, anger, behavior needs (among many other things).
I have worked with children, adolescents, and young adults ranging in various ages. I worked as a Behavioral Therapist, and Developmental Specialist for 5 years prior to receiving my degree in Marriage and Family Therapy. I am passionate about helping families, children, and adolescents build positive communication and healthy boundaries. I work with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, anger, behavior needs (among many other things).
(408) 413-2823 View (408) 413-2823
Photo of Ashley Heggins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ashley Heggins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gilroy, CA 95020
Hi there, I'm Ashley! I support women navigating overwhelm, relationship stress, life transitions, and emotional burnout by helping them build healthy boundaries, regulate their nervous system, and reconnect with themselves. My approach is warm, holistic, and grounded in evidence-based care—meeting you where you are while helping you move toward balance and healing.
Hi there, I'm Ashley! I support women navigating overwhelm, relationship stress, life transitions, and emotional burnout by helping them build healthy boundaries, regulate their nervous system, and reconnect with themselves. My approach is warm, holistic, and grounded in evidence-based care—meeting you where you are while helping you move toward balance and healing.
(669) 323-8611 View (669) 323-8611
Photo of Sheri Russell, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Sheri Russell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
4 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
If in need of counseling, send a message with a few details including insurance information, and I or my associate, Kyra Whittaker, will get back to you.
If in need of counseling, send a message with a few details including insurance information, and I or my associate, Kyra Whittaker, will get back to you.
(408) 868-5540 View (408) 868-5540
Photo of Daniel Mark Kinoshita, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Daniel Mark Kinoshita
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Life can feel overwhelming even when you’re functioning well on the outside. Many of the individuals and couples I work with are navigating anxiety, unresolved trauma, relationship strain, or significant life transitions while balancing careers, family, and responsibility.
Life can feel overwhelming even when you’re functioning well on the outside. Many of the individuals and couples I work with are navigating anxiety, unresolved trauma, relationship strain, or significant life transitions while balancing careers, family, and responsibility.
(408) 668-3369 View (408) 668-3369
Photo of Mike Zukowski, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT, CMAT
Mike Zukowski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT, CMAT
13 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
If you are a man facing problems filled with pain, fear, loneliness or failure- affair/addiction/past negative experiences caused you to doubt yourself, damaging the ones you love. Contact me. Don't allow the past to control your future. You don't have to do this alone. Email me to discover new strategies to work through stress and pain and find your best self again.
If you are a man facing problems filled with pain, fear, loneliness or failure- affair/addiction/past negative experiences caused you to doubt yourself, damaging the ones you love. Contact me. Don't allow the past to control your future. You don't have to do this alone. Email me to discover new strategies to work through stress and pain and find your best self again.
(408) 217-6548 View (408) 217-6548
Photo of Jeremy Joseph Strametz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS, MA
Jeremy Joseph Strametz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS, MA
3 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Working through life's challenges on our own can be a daunting task and often in these instances it can be extremely helpful to sit with someone who can process through these difficulties side by side. In therapy I seek to develop a genuine and strong connection with my clients while providing them with the insight needed to better understand and develop control in their lives. Often struggles in the area of mental health can cause us to feel that we have no control over these issues. I seek to help you regain that control and balance in your life.
Working through life's challenges on our own can be a daunting task and often in these instances it can be extremely helpful to sit with someone who can process through these difficulties side by side. In therapy I seek to develop a genuine and strong connection with my clients while providing them with the insight needed to better understand and develop control in their lives. Often struggles in the area of mental health can cause us to feel that we have no control over these issues. I seek to help you regain that control and balance in your life.
(408) 478-9665 View (408) 478-9665
Photo of Katki Molloy Windsor - Katki Molloy Windsor LMFT ATR, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR
Katki Molloy Windsor LMFT ATR
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR
3 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
I enjoy working with a variety of populations; children, families, couples, adolescents, and geriatric population. I am culturally diverse, and I am bilingual Spanish speaking and I enjoy meeting and hearing people's stories. I use art as a form of expression to allow people to express themselves when words are hard to access. I have many years experience working with children 0-5 and I have an Infant Mental Health Certificate from Santa Clara County. I recently got trained in EMDR (Eye Movement) processing. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe trusting empathetic environment and to empower people to solve your own problems.
I enjoy working with a variety of populations; children, families, couples, adolescents, and geriatric population. I am culturally diverse, and I am bilingual Spanish speaking and I enjoy meeting and hearing people's stories. I use art as a form of expression to allow people to express themselves when words are hard to access. I have many years experience working with children 0-5 and I have an Infant Mental Health Certificate from Santa Clara County. I recently got trained in EMDR (Eye Movement) processing. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe trusting empathetic environment and to empower people to solve your own problems.
(408) 471-8536 View (408) 471-8536
Photo of Pamela Irrgang-Metz
Pamela Irrgang-Metz
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Pamela’s areas of interest are serious mental illness, chronic pain, trauma, existentialism, relationship and interpersonal skills, multicultural diversity, assessments, and forensic psychology. Pamela’s therapeutic goal is to help clients find balance, meaning, and purpose. She seeks to assist clients in achieving a new normal of safety, stability, and confidence in all areas of their lives. She is passionate about the human mind and exploring nature and nurture in human behavior. On a personal note, Pamela enjoys painting and spending time with her husband and cats, Niles and Wally.
Pamela’s areas of interest are serious mental illness, chronic pain, trauma, existentialism, relationship and interpersonal skills, multicultural diversity, assessments, and forensic psychology. Pamela’s therapeutic goal is to help clients find balance, meaning, and purpose. She seeks to assist clients in achieving a new normal of safety, stability, and confidence in all areas of their lives. She is passionate about the human mind and exploring nature and nurture in human behavior. On a personal note, Pamela enjoys painting and spending time with her husband and cats, Niles and Wally.
(669) 322-8717 View (669) 322-8717
Photo of Reshma H Lancaster, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Reshma H Lancaster
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Gilroy, CA 95020
I am driven to help you lead the life you are yearning for. Many of us can feel stuck and overwhelmed with life’s challenges but you are not alone in your journey to making a healthy change. I have over 7 years of experience working with children, teens, families, couples, and adult individuals in reaching their mental health goals. I help people overcome their fears, manage anxiety, cope with depression, and improve their relationships with others. I am a strengths-based therapist who believes in meeting each client where they are and individualizing treatment to meet everyone’s unique needs.
I am driven to help you lead the life you are yearning for. Many of us can feel stuck and overwhelmed with life’s challenges but you are not alone in your journey to making a healthy change. I have over 7 years of experience working with children, teens, families, couples, and adult individuals in reaching their mental health goals. I help people overcome their fears, manage anxiety, cope with depression, and improve their relationships with others. I am a strengths-based therapist who believes in meeting each client where they are and individualizing treatment to meet everyone’s unique needs.
(408) 665-7796 View (408) 665-7796
Photo of Cherie E Page, Psychologist, PhD, MA, CEIB-MH, CRTI, ESMHL
Cherie E Page
Psychologist, PhD, MA, CEIB-MH, CRTI, ESMHL
Gilroy, CA 95020
My passion is working with children with autism, ADHD, anxiety, neuroimmune disorders, and sensory processing disorders within the field of Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy and Animal-Assisted Therapy. I have 15 years of experience working with children and their families offering collaborative therapy. In conjunction to equine-facilitated psychotherapy, I work from an attachment-based model, blended with polyvagal theory, creative expressive art, and sensory integration therapy. Within my practice I focus on not only working with the child, but also their family to cultivate growth, change, and well-being.
My passion is working with children with autism, ADHD, anxiety, neuroimmune disorders, and sensory processing disorders within the field of Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy and Animal-Assisted Therapy. I have 15 years of experience working with children and their families offering collaborative therapy. In conjunction to equine-facilitated psychotherapy, I work from an attachment-based model, blended with polyvagal theory, creative expressive art, and sensory integration therapy. Within my practice I focus on not only working with the child, but also their family to cultivate growth, change, and well-being.
(408) 763-4296 View (408) 763-4296
Photo of Leanne Oberst, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, ICST
Leanne Oberst
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, ICST
3 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
“I can’t keep doing this.” “Everyone thinks I’m fine… but I’m not.” “Something has to change.” “I’m so tired of holding it all together.” “I just want someone to actually see me.” If this feels familiar, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to carry it by yourself. At Ember Wings Counseling, this is a space to exhale. No pressure to perform, no need to have the “right” words — just steady, supportive care. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, trauma, relationship strain, or the weight of expectations, you deserve support that feels grounded, attuned, and real.
“I can’t keep doing this.” “Everyone thinks I’m fine… but I’m not.” “Something has to change.” “I’m so tired of holding it all together.” “I just want someone to actually see me.” If this feels familiar, you’re not alone — and you don’t have to carry it by yourself. At Ember Wings Counseling, this is a space to exhale. No pressure to perform, no need to have the “right” words — just steady, supportive care. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, trauma, relationship strain, or the weight of expectations, you deserve support that feels grounded, attuned, and real.
(408) 762-1617 View (408) 762-1617
Photo of Greg Boyd Whittaker, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Greg Boyd Whittaker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Conflict in marriage often builds over time and your relationship can deteriorate into constant arguing, power struggles, and lack of intimacy. Even simple problems become fights. You may even be concerned that your children are being damaged by the tension in your home. Some times its even difficult difficult to understand how things have gotten so bad, and even harder to change it. With the help of outside intervention, you can change patterns of behavior and communication. By obtaining new information,and skills its possible to resolve conflict in a healthy manner and rebuild intimacy in your marriage.
Conflict in marriage often builds over time and your relationship can deteriorate into constant arguing, power struggles, and lack of intimacy. Even simple problems become fights. You may even be concerned that your children are being damaged by the tension in your home. Some times its even difficult difficult to understand how things have gotten so bad, and even harder to change it. With the help of outside intervention, you can change patterns of behavior and communication. By obtaining new information,and skills its possible to resolve conflict in a healthy manner and rebuild intimacy in your marriage.
(408) 647-6987 View (408) 647-6987
Photo of Karin Mathews Whitman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Karin Mathews Whitman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Sometimes, we can feel, think, and act in ways that we don't recognize or that feel at odds with who we are. We may feel lost and disoriented, unsure how we got here and trying to get our bearings. We can ask ourselves questions like, why am I so angry right now? Why do I feel like I can't breathe? Why is my body so tired? Why don't I care about anything? What is wrong with me? We may feel stuck and exhausted, physically and emotionally. If this sounds like you, you are not alone, and I am so glad you are here. We can work together to find the way back to you.
Sometimes, we can feel, think, and act in ways that we don't recognize or that feel at odds with who we are. We may feel lost and disoriented, unsure how we got here and trying to get our bearings. We can ask ourselves questions like, why am I so angry right now? Why do I feel like I can't breathe? Why is my body so tired? Why don't I care about anything? What is wrong with me? We may feel stuck and exhausted, physically and emotionally. If this sounds like you, you are not alone, and I am so glad you are here. We can work together to find the way back to you.
(408) 351-6984 View (408) 351-6984
Photo of Paul Rousseve, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Paul Rousseve
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
I strive to help my clients fully realize their sense of self, how to continue working on the self, and how to maintain it. I work (past and currently) in person with an extremely diverse range of clients; all over the spectrums of gender, sexuality, neurodiversity, race, culture, ethnicity. Our society can be extremely difficult to navigate and has a tendency to be highly isolating. I approach every client with empathy, openness, and understanding, without presuming to know exactly what each individual goes through. This is why I strongly prefer meeting clients in person, where I can build trust with my clients.
I strive to help my clients fully realize their sense of self, how to continue working on the self, and how to maintain it. I work (past and currently) in person with an extremely diverse range of clients; all over the spectrums of gender, sexuality, neurodiversity, race, culture, ethnicity. Our society can be extremely difficult to navigate and has a tendency to be highly isolating. I approach every client with empathy, openness, and understanding, without presuming to know exactly what each individual goes through. This is why I strongly prefer meeting clients in person, where I can build trust with my clients.
(408) 900-6479 View (408) 900-6479
Photo of Joshua Ramirez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joshua Ramirez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
You’ve done your best to cope—but lately, it’s harder to hold it together. Maybe you feel anxious in your relationships, distant from yourself, or exhausted by the patterns you can’t seem to break. You’re not broken—you’re overwhelmed. If life is starting to feel heavier than it should, therapy can be the first step toward feeling lighter, safer, and more in control again.
You’ve done your best to cope—but lately, it’s harder to hold it together. Maybe you feel anxious in your relationships, distant from yourself, or exhausted by the patterns you can’t seem to break. You’re not broken—you’re overwhelmed. If life is starting to feel heavier than it should, therapy can be the first step toward feeling lighter, safer, and more in control again.
(831) 318-4242 View (831) 318-4242
Photo of Demetria Zappacosta-Iacocca, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LAADC
Demetria Zappacosta-Iacocca
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LAADC
Gilroy, CA 95020
Addiction and Recovery Counseling is for anyone who feels that alcohol or drugs are affecting them negatively. As a Licensed Recovery Counselor I offer individuals, couples and families help to develop plans for reaching their recovery goals and making positive changes in their lives. Addiction and Recovery Counseling is an opportunity for families to learn about addiction and the behaviors that go along with it. I help families understand what role they play in their loved ones addiction and recovery.
Addiction and Recovery Counseling is for anyone who feels that alcohol or drugs are affecting them negatively. As a Licensed Recovery Counselor I offer individuals, couples and families help to develop plans for reaching their recovery goals and making positive changes in their lives. Addiction and Recovery Counseling is an opportunity for families to learn about addiction and the behaviors that go along with it. I help families understand what role they play in their loved ones addiction and recovery.
(408) 320-0867 View (408) 320-0867
Photo of Gaia Somasca, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Gaia Somasca
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Are you feeling stuck like stagnating water of a creek that no longer flows? Or are you struggling in your relationships? Certain seasons test us to our core. My experience as a therapist and as a client shows me that we have the capacity to recover our vitality. I am here to support your journey of healing and growth. Even after traumas, losses, oppression, and experiences that are too painful for our bodies and spirits to carry alone, there is a path of healing that can re-energize your life and spirit. While you are the expert on your life, I am here to facilitate awareness, and inner shifts.
Are you feeling stuck like stagnating water of a creek that no longer flows? Or are you struggling in your relationships? Certain seasons test us to our core. My experience as a therapist and as a client shows me that we have the capacity to recover our vitality. I am here to support your journey of healing and growth. Even after traumas, losses, oppression, and experiences that are too painful for our bodies and spirits to carry alone, there is a path of healing that can re-energize your life and spirit. While you are the expert on your life, I am here to facilitate awareness, and inner shifts.
(831) 249-2251 View (831) 249-2251
Photo of Gigi-Joy Aguilar - SpreadJoy2All, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
SpreadJoy2All
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
I help women heal, rediscover joy, and thrive in love, business, and life. Do you feel stuck or find yourself people-pleasing—saying yes when you want to say no, or struggling after something difficult you’ve experienced? These patterns can lead to anxiety, resentment, depression, and disconnection. Together, we’ll explore the root of these patterns, build insight, and create meaningful shifts. You’ll gain practical tools to manage emotions, navigate stress, and step into a more confident, aligned version of yourself. If you’re ready for lasting change and deeper fulfillment, I’m here to support your journey.
I help women heal, rediscover joy, and thrive in love, business, and life. Do you feel stuck or find yourself people-pleasing—saying yes when you want to say no, or struggling after something difficult you’ve experienced? These patterns can lead to anxiety, resentment, depression, and disconnection. Together, we’ll explore the root of these patterns, build insight, and create meaningful shifts. You’ll gain practical tools to manage emotions, navigate stress, and step into a more confident, aligned version of yourself. If you’re ready for lasting change and deeper fulfillment, I’m here to support your journey.
(305) 680-3575 View (305) 680-3575
Photo of Debra Gionet, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Debra Gionet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Gilroy, CA 95020
Looking for therapy? Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotions or can't make the changes you or had something painful happen to you? With more than 25 years of experience counseling, perhaps I can help you heal & develop tools! I love to help people heal, gain greater insight into themselves, help them change undesirable habits, and process tough and painful issues. It takes courage to seek the life you long for & it is possible! I'd love to hear from you today!
Looking for therapy? Are you feeling overwhelmed by emotions or can't make the changes you or had something painful happen to you? With more than 25 years of experience counseling, perhaps I can help you heal & develop tools! I love to help people heal, gain greater insight into themselves, help them change undesirable habits, and process tough and painful issues. It takes courage to seek the life you long for & it is possible! I'd love to hear from you today!
(408) 676-9997 View (408) 676-9997

See more therapy options for 95020

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95020

80+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 95020 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
91% Social Anxiety
91% Health Anxiety
91% Driving Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
79% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
73% Cigna and Evernorth
63% Anthem

How Therapists in 95020 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95020?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.