Therapists in San Rafael, CA

Photo of Roberta T Seifert, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Roberta T Seifert
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Waitlist for new clients
The goal of therapy is to enable people to have richer and more satisfying lives. I match my approach to the person I'm seeing, offering both short-term, pragmatic, solution-oriented therapy, and longer-term treatment that involves complex historical material and ingrained self-defeating patterns. I think of therapy as an opportunity to learn better ways to live and thrive in the present. I use a combination of approaches including EMDR, AEDP, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and longer-term work to change recurring patterns.
The goal of therapy is to enable people to have richer and more satisfying lives. I match my approach to the person I'm seeing, offering both short-term, pragmatic, solution-oriented therapy, and longer-term treatment that involves complex historical material and ingrained self-defeating patterns. I think of therapy as an opportunity to learn better ways to live and thrive in the present. I use a combination of approaches including EMDR, AEDP, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and longer-term work to change recurring patterns.
(650) 918-4476 View (650) 918-4476
Photo of Marv Zauderer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Marv Zauderer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I’m a warm, experienced, interactive therapist who brings a compassionate heart, an active mind, and a calm presence to this work. I’m deeply interested in learning what you know about yourself, including your strengths, pivotal experiences, and challenges. Integrating techniques from therapeutic models such as IFS & cognitive-behavioral therapy, my trauma-informed approach to our work is attuned to your individuality. I bring diverse professional & life experience, a sensitivity to culture & all other components of your identity, and an array of tools that you can use to find the growth, solutions, well-being, or healing you seek.
I’m a warm, experienced, interactive therapist who brings a compassionate heart, an active mind, and a calm presence to this work. I’m deeply interested in learning what you know about yourself, including your strengths, pivotal experiences, and challenges. Integrating techniques from therapeutic models such as IFS & cognitive-behavioral therapy, my trauma-informed approach to our work is attuned to your individuality. I bring diverse professional & life experience, a sensitivity to culture & all other components of your identity, and an array of tools that you can use to find the growth, solutions, well-being, or healing you seek.
(415) 843-4368 View (415) 843-4368
Photo of Jodie M. NewDelman, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Jodie M. NewDelman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Dr. NewDelman's practice, Essensuate Psychology Group, APC includes solution-focused psychotherapists. Each provider brings their own sensibility but all engage clients who are ready to face the burden 'stuckness,' deepen their awareness, transform their mindset, and change their lives. The practice is dedicated to integrated care and each client's unique context. We offer a safe, confidential, and trusted alliance where our clients can process painful personal issues, difficult experiences, challenging memories, and persistent conflict. We also explore the reality of our clients' true inner resources to provoke meaningful shifts
Dr. NewDelman's practice, Essensuate Psychology Group, APC includes solution-focused psychotherapists. Each provider brings their own sensibility but all engage clients who are ready to face the burden 'stuckness,' deepen their awareness, transform their mindset, and change their lives. The practice is dedicated to integrated care and each client's unique context. We offer a safe, confidential, and trusted alliance where our clients can process painful personal issues, difficult experiences, challenging memories, and persistent conflict. We also explore the reality of our clients' true inner resources to provoke meaningful shifts
(628) 209-6714 View (628) 209-6714
Photo of Niralli D'Costa, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Niralli D'Costa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I am a holistic psychotherapist and energy worker. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and PTSD. I love to guide people into deeper relationship with their own sense of resource, capacity, and joy! There is nothing more satisfying to me than witnessing someone move through a transformational healing process and come out feeling more alive and in their power on the other side.
I am a holistic psychotherapist and energy worker. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and PTSD. I love to guide people into deeper relationship with their own sense of resource, capacity, and joy! There is nothing more satisfying to me than witnessing someone move through a transformational healing process and come out feeling more alive and in their power on the other side.
(415) 569-1243 View (415) 569-1243
Photo of Debra Hadden, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Debra Hadden
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I am a California-licensed psychologist with a doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I have extensive experience treating stress, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, trauma, and somatic illness, and is an expert on bio-psycho-social functioning. I work with individuals and families struggling with chronic mental and physical conditions that challenge health, well-being, work-life balance, and daily functioning. I am adept at working within multiple cultures with great sensitivity.
I am a California-licensed psychologist with a doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I have extensive experience treating stress, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, trauma, and somatic illness, and is an expert on bio-psycho-social functioning. I work with individuals and families struggling with chronic mental and physical conditions that challenge health, well-being, work-life balance, and daily functioning. I am adept at working within multiple cultures with great sensitivity.
(415) 429-7761 View (415) 429-7761
Photo of Tom Thurston, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Tom Thurston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I work with my clients to deeply discover and access new resources and potentials of "self at best" both for growth and as ways beyond obstacles. I believe the quality of the relationship between the therapist and client is essential for change. I have over 17 years of spiritual practice which I incorporate using mindfulness, inquiry and dream work.
I work with my clients to deeply discover and access new resources and potentials of "self at best" both for growth and as ways beyond obstacles. I believe the quality of the relationship between the therapist and client is essential for change. I have over 17 years of spiritual practice which I incorporate using mindfulness, inquiry and dream work.
(415) 742-1961 View (415) 742-1961
Photo of Prajna Cole, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Rafael, CA
Prajna Cole
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I specialize in helping people change behaviors that are harming their relationships and keeping them from living to their fullest potential. Together, we find what is causing anxiety, depression, irritability, or "the blahs." Many people have patterns in their behaviors or relationships that are stuck repeating and don't know why. Using evidence-based practices to inform our work, we can uncover what's underneath these symptoms to get you lasting relief. I also specialize in working with folks in the queer community, poly and open relationship issues.
I specialize in helping people change behaviors that are harming their relationships and keeping them from living to their fullest potential. Together, we find what is causing anxiety, depression, irritability, or "the blahs." Many people have patterns in their behaviors or relationships that are stuck repeating and don't know why. Using evidence-based practices to inform our work, we can uncover what's underneath these symptoms to get you lasting relief. I also specialize in working with folks in the queer community, poly and open relationship issues.
(707) 749-7244 View (707) 749-7244
Photo of Lauren Bock, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Lauren Bock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94915  (Online Only)
Part of my philosophy of therapy is that if you can't laugh with someone, you probably don't want to cry with them, either. I do both with my clients because I think accepting, respecting & embracing all of your feelings and experiences-- from joy to pain to absurdity and everything else-- is what healing and wholeness are all about. Therapy to me isn't about reaching some outside ideal of perfection; it's about connecting with your true & one-of-a-kind self and becoming who YOU really are.
Part of my philosophy of therapy is that if you can't laugh with someone, you probably don't want to cry with them, either. I do both with my clients because I think accepting, respecting & embracing all of your feelings and experiences-- from joy to pain to absurdity and everything else-- is what healing and wholeness are all about. Therapy to me isn't about reaching some outside ideal of perfection; it's about connecting with your true & one-of-a-kind self and becoming who YOU really are.
(415) 801-3228 View (415) 801-3228
Photo of Courtenay Irene Houk, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Rafael, CA
Courtenay Irene Houk
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
Welcome! I am so happy you're here. Are you feeling unsatisfied with how you respond in certain situations, or with certain people? Are you currently moving through a difficult transition, such as an identity shift (e.g. parenthood), a recent move, breakup or loss? Are you wanting support with forming different types of boundaries, finding your voice, or expressing your needs? Are you a couple or relationship needing support? These are just some of the areas that I frequently engage in, with my clients.
Welcome! I am so happy you're here. Are you feeling unsatisfied with how you respond in certain situations, or with certain people? Are you currently moving through a difficult transition, such as an identity shift (e.g. parenthood), a recent move, breakup or loss? Are you wanting support with forming different types of boundaries, finding your voice, or expressing your needs? Are you a couple or relationship needing support? These are just some of the areas that I frequently engage in, with my clients.
(341) 444-2539 View (341) 444-2539
Photo of Michelle Gomez-Salazar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Michelle Gomez-Salazar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
One of the things that I believe to be a key component to successful therapy is trust in the client-therapist relationship. I do my best to create a warm and inviting space for you where we could talk about the difficult things. It’s important that you feel honored in this process, so if something isn’t quite working out, let’s talk about it. Our work is a collaboration. Therapy can be hard, but things don’t always have to be heavy in the therapy room. If you appreciate humor, I definitely use it (when appropriate) and you might laugh in sessions.
One of the things that I believe to be a key component to successful therapy is trust in the client-therapist relationship. I do my best to create a warm and inviting space for you where we could talk about the difficult things. It’s important that you feel honored in this process, so if something isn’t quite working out, let’s talk about it. Our work is a collaboration. Therapy can be hard, but things don’t always have to be heavy in the therapy room. If you appreciate humor, I definitely use it (when appropriate) and you might laugh in sessions.
(415) 360-8252 View (415) 360-8252
Photo of Karen Shay, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Karen Shay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive. I will work with you to overcome depression, anxiety, substance abuse or relationship issues that are holding you back from leading a more fulfilling life. In individual work we will explore your past experiences and family of origin that may have brought you to hold on to many negative unconscious beliefs and behaviors that are leaving you unhappy or unsuccessful in both your work and intimate relationships. In couples work we will work to dismantle destructive communication patterns, learn new ways of reaching toward your partner and increase levels of true intimacy.
My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive. I will work with you to overcome depression, anxiety, substance abuse or relationship issues that are holding you back from leading a more fulfilling life. In individual work we will explore your past experiences and family of origin that may have brought you to hold on to many negative unconscious beliefs and behaviors that are leaving you unhappy or unsuccessful in both your work and intimate relationships. In couples work we will work to dismantle destructive communication patterns, learn new ways of reaching toward your partner and increase levels of true intimacy.
(415) 259-9669 View (415) 259-9669
Photo of Zakiya Duviella, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Zakiya Duviella
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
My therapy style is genuine and straightforward, yet sincere and compassionate. My therapeutic approach is collaborative, attachment-focused, and client-centered. The primary influences in my treatment style are Strength-based, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral, Supportive, and Solution-Focused. I am culturally competent in understanding the specific cultural, linguistic, social, and economic nuances of particular people and families.
My therapy style is genuine and straightforward, yet sincere and compassionate. My therapeutic approach is collaborative, attachment-focused, and client-centered. The primary influences in my treatment style are Strength-based, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral, Supportive, and Solution-Focused. I am culturally competent in understanding the specific cultural, linguistic, social, and economic nuances of particular people and families.
(415) 938-1177 View (415) 938-1177
Photo of Ali Vogt, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Ali Vogt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
I specialize in working with adults who experiencing grief or confusion and in transition. I have helped clients in the following situations: Facing a cancer or terminal illness diagnosis; Pre and postpartum stress, depression and anxiety; Grief over the loss of a relationship or loved one; Sort through a new mental health diagnosis and corresponding psychotropic medications; Leaving a career and pivoting into a new professional path; Grieving infertility; Finding a life path.
I specialize in working with adults who experiencing grief or confusion and in transition. I have helped clients in the following situations: Facing a cancer or terminal illness diagnosis; Pre and postpartum stress, depression and anxiety; Grief over the loss of a relationship or loved one; Sort through a new mental health diagnosis and corresponding psychotropic medications; Leaving a career and pivoting into a new professional path; Grieving infertility; Finding a life path.
(415) 818-8631 View (415) 818-8631
Photo of Terry Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Terry Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Healing, growth and change are possible. By coming here you've taken the first step toward feeling better. Whether you're gripped by anxiety or depression, yearning for more fulfillment in relationships, or hungry for purpose and meaning in life, I am here to support and uplift you. I feel intense gratitude for this work because of the profound changes I witness in my clients. Through guided self inquiry and direct, compassionate feedback you’ll develop your capacities to understand yourself and take action toward building a life in alignment with your values and dreams. I got you, let's do this.
Healing, growth and change are possible. By coming here you've taken the first step toward feeling better. Whether you're gripped by anxiety or depression, yearning for more fulfillment in relationships, or hungry for purpose and meaning in life, I am here to support and uplift you. I feel intense gratitude for this work because of the profound changes I witness in my clients. Through guided self inquiry and direct, compassionate feedback you’ll develop your capacities to understand yourself and take action toward building a life in alignment with your values and dreams. I got you, let's do this.
(415) 870-3422 View (415) 870-3422
Photo of Kristen Lebacqz, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Kristen Lebacqz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Bringing your suffering and pain in to meet a new therapist is scary. I respect the hard work that clients do by sharing their vulnerability and honesty in therapy. By working with clients in a non-judgemental space I help them begin to understand, accept, heal and change. People who work with me find me to be compassionate, honest, and human.
Bringing your suffering and pain in to meet a new therapist is scary. I respect the hard work that clients do by sharing their vulnerability and honesty in therapy. By working with clients in a non-judgemental space I help them begin to understand, accept, heal and change. People who work with me find me to be compassionate, honest, and human.
(415) 797-0872 View (415) 797-0872
Photo of Thomas L Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Thomas L Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
"Whoever you are, no matter how lonely, the world offers itself to your imagination...." In Wild Geese, Mary Oliver does not promise salvation, but points to the okay-ness of your being, to the importance of your inner world. How do you, in your imagination, relate to the world? You can find peace inside yourself. I believe therapy is about wholeness-it's not about rejecting who you already are, but about including all aspects of yourself. With compassion and honesty, let's explore the full you so that you may find your inner peace.
"Whoever you are, no matter how lonely, the world offers itself to your imagination...." In Wild Geese, Mary Oliver does not promise salvation, but points to the okay-ness of your being, to the importance of your inner world. How do you, in your imagination, relate to the world? You can find peace inside yourself. I believe therapy is about wholeness-it's not about rejecting who you already are, but about including all aspects of yourself. With compassion and honesty, let's explore the full you so that you may find your inner peace.
(415) 938-8024 View (415) 938-8024
Photo of Dr. Emily Zhang, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Dr. Emily Zhang
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Dr. Emily Zhang! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatments of adults (18+) who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, personality disorders, and in some cases, trauma recovery and grief and loss. My practice focuses on helping my clients understand their symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, so that they can overcome issues related to their depression and anxiety. I am fluent in English and Cantonese. I am not only bilingual, but bicultural as well and has had good success establishing rapport with diverse populations.
Hello, my name is Dr. Emily Zhang! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatments of adults (18+) who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, personality disorders, and in some cases, trauma recovery and grief and loss. My practice focuses on helping my clients understand their symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, so that they can overcome issues related to their depression and anxiety. I am fluent in English and Cantonese. I am not only bilingual, but bicultural as well and has had good success establishing rapport with diverse populations.
(415) 741-2685 View (415) 741-2685
Photo of Andreas Bollinger, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Andreas Bollinger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
(415) 849-9612 View (415) 849-9612
Photo of Amy Kirsztajn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Amy Kirsztajn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I am currently accepting new clients-Life can be busy and difficult to navigate. Whether you are in your 20’s-30’s trying to figure out your career and relationships or a new parent dealing with the many challenges that having children poses, I am here to help you work through these life transitions and the feelings that come with them. I tend to be very relational in my work and love to support people in exploring their relationship with themselves and in turn how that can have a positive impact on our relationship with others.
I am currently accepting new clients-Life can be busy and difficult to navigate. Whether you are in your 20’s-30’s trying to figure out your career and relationships or a new parent dealing with the many challenges that having children poses, I am here to help you work through these life transitions and the feelings that come with them. I tend to be very relational in my work and love to support people in exploring their relationship with themselves and in turn how that can have a positive impact on our relationship with others.
(628) 313-5404 View (628) 313-5404
Photo of Dina Schweitzer Leitch, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Dina Schweitzer Leitch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Do you feel lonely, anxious or sad? If you are looking for a therapist, you are taking the first step towards feeling better. I have been a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for over 20 years and provide psychotherapy to adolescents, adults and families in Marin. I tailor my approach to your individual specific needs and concerns so that you can feel empowered to make positive changes in your relationships and in your life. I utilize complementary psychotherapy approaches and give constructive feedback to help my clients attain their goals in a safe and supportive environment.
Do you feel lonely, anxious or sad? If you are looking for a therapist, you are taking the first step towards feeling better. I have been a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for over 20 years and provide psychotherapy to adolescents, adults and families in Marin. I tailor my approach to your individual specific needs and concerns so that you can feel empowered to make positive changes in your relationships and in your life. I utilize complementary psychotherapy approaches and give constructive feedback to help my clients attain their goals in a safe and supportive environment.
(415) 723-4828 View (415) 723-4828

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Rafael, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$192

Therapists in San Rafael, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
66% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aetna
45% Cigna and Evernorth
44% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in San Rafael, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Rafael?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.