Therapists in 94707

Photo of Lee Daniel Kravetz, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Lee Daniel Kravetz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Berkeley, CA 94707
As a dedicated cognitive-behavioral therapist (CBT) based in Berkeley, CA, with additional services in San Mateo, I specialize in working with young adults and teens navigating life's challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, academic or career stress, or major life transitions, I provide a compassionate, goal-oriented approach tailored to your unique needs. Using evidence-based strategies, I help clients develop resilience, confidence, and practical tools to create meaningful, lasting change.
As a dedicated cognitive-behavioral therapist (CBT) based in Berkeley, CA, with additional services in San Mateo, I specialize in working with young adults and teens navigating life's challenges. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, academic or career stress, or major life transitions, I provide a compassionate, goal-oriented approach tailored to your unique needs. Using evidence-based strategies, I help clients develop resilience, confidence, and practical tools to create meaningful, lasting change.
(510) 298-3580 View (510) 298-3580
Photo of Alex Keller, Psychologist, PsyD
Alex Keller
Psychologist, PsyD
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, who works with individuals, couples, and families on a variety of topics, including stress, depression, anxiety, and health factors. I specialize in work with trauma, LGBTQ identity, and offer both in-person and virtual sessions. I like to draw from strengths that my clients already have, and bring these out in therapy- helping people find creative solutions and ways to think about life's problems and situations. I hold both an MFT degree and a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, and have been practicing in the field for over 15 years.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, who works with individuals, couples, and families on a variety of topics, including stress, depression, anxiety, and health factors. I specialize in work with trauma, LGBTQ identity, and offer both in-person and virtual sessions. I like to draw from strengths that my clients already have, and bring these out in therapy- helping people find creative solutions and ways to think about life's problems and situations. I hold both an MFT degree and a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, and have been practicing in the field for over 15 years.
(341) 999-7009 View (341) 999-7009
Photo of Angela Hasty, Psychologist, PhD
Angela Hasty
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Albany, CA 94707
I offer professional psychotherapy via video and in-person or a flexible combination of the two modalities for adults of all ethnicities, gender identities and sexual orientations who may be experiencing a spectrum of emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, stress, grief, work/life balance and healthy boundaries.
I offer professional psychotherapy via video and in-person or a flexible combination of the two modalities for adults of all ethnicities, gender identities and sexual orientations who may be experiencing a spectrum of emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, stress, grief, work/life balance and healthy boundaries.
(510) 878-4910 View (510) 878-4910
Photo of Rosalie Stillford, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Rosalie Stillford
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am talk and somatic therapist, passionate about supporting adults, young adults, and children through therapy. I work with adults navigating anxiety, relationships, trauma, emotion regulation, self-exploration, self-esteem, and life transitions. I work with children on adjusting to change, friendship skills, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, emotion regulation, school-based issues, OCD, and PANS/PANDAS. I welcome clients who are queer, gender-nonconforming, neurodivergent, kink, and in non-traditional relationship structures, as well as creatives, social servants, and those who feel misunderstood, on the outside, or in the margins.
I am talk and somatic therapist, passionate about supporting adults, young adults, and children through therapy. I work with adults navigating anxiety, relationships, trauma, emotion regulation, self-exploration, self-esteem, and life transitions. I work with children on adjusting to change, friendship skills, trauma, anxiety, self-esteem, emotion regulation, school-based issues, OCD, and PANS/PANDAS. I welcome clients who are queer, gender-nonconforming, neurodivergent, kink, and in non-traditional relationship structures, as well as creatives, social servants, and those who feel misunderstood, on the outside, or in the margins.
(510) 279-4533 View (510) 279-4533
Photo of Vanessa Lowe, Psychologist, PsyD
Vanessa Lowe
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
A natural and common response to anxiety can be to shut down and try to avoid difficult feelings and sensations. However, this often results in a smaller, constricted-feeling life, where we are not doing and pursuing the things that really matter to us. Together we will identify your own goals and values, and we will work to help you move toward a more full rich life. I am committed to helping clients learn new, more effective, ways of dealing with anxiety and stress-related issues, including worry that is difficult to manage, social anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, work stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A natural and common response to anxiety can be to shut down and try to avoid difficult feelings and sensations. However, this often results in a smaller, constricted-feeling life, where we are not doing and pursuing the things that really matter to us. Together we will identify your own goals and values, and we will work to help you move toward a more full rich life. I am committed to helping clients learn new, more effective, ways of dealing with anxiety and stress-related issues, including worry that is difficult to manage, social anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, work stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(510) 901-5226 View (510) 901-5226
Photo of Halle Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, NCC®
Halle Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MA, NCC®
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
When we are anxious, unsettled, or stuck, and unsure what our next steps should be or whether it is even possible to feel better about our self, our life path, or our relationships, we can feel very alone. You may have tried therapy before, or self-help strategies, and perhaps found some short-term relief, but are wondering if longer-term solutions and genuine life satisfaction are real possibilities for you. You may be finding difficulty holding on to a sense of hope that your life can change for the better, yet there is some glimmer of desire that has led you here, to search for help. There is a part of you that wants to heal.
When we are anxious, unsettled, or stuck, and unsure what our next steps should be or whether it is even possible to feel better about our self, our life path, or our relationships, we can feel very alone. You may have tried therapy before, or self-help strategies, and perhaps found some short-term relief, but are wondering if longer-term solutions and genuine life satisfaction are real possibilities for you. You may be finding difficulty holding on to a sense of hope that your life can change for the better, yet there is some glimmer of desire that has led you here, to search for help. There is a part of you that wants to heal.
(510) 216-4591 View (510) 216-4591
Photo of Suzie Shihshin Wu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, EFT
Suzie Shihshin Wu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, EFT
4 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am an experienced psychotherapist working with individuals, couples & families with two decades of clinical experiences. Identified as an Asian American and raising an immigrant family myself, I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, parenting, life transitions, relationship issues, self esteem and immigration/identity. We work on developmental injury to complex trauma, grief and lost in various life stages, and struggles in different type of relationships which we ultimately are longing for a safe attachment with our partner, parents, children, and inner self.
I am an experienced psychotherapist working with individuals, couples & families with two decades of clinical experiences. Identified as an Asian American and raising an immigrant family myself, I specialize in trauma, depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, parenting, life transitions, relationship issues, self esteem and immigration/identity. We work on developmental injury to complex trauma, grief and lost in various life stages, and struggles in different type of relationships which we ultimately are longing for a safe attachment with our partner, parents, children, and inner self.
(510) 822-7725 View (510) 822-7725
Photo of Amy Poppers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amy Poppers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Albany, CA 94707
Maybe you feel stuck but you aren't quite sure why. There's a sense that something is off, and you know something needs to change. With my warm, collaborative, and insight-oriented approach, we will explore your thoughts and feelings, and work together to identify root causes and shed old patterns that are no longer working for you. From this place of deeper understanding, you can feel more at home within yourself, and experience a greater capacity for joy, comfort, and ease.
Maybe you feel stuck but you aren't quite sure why. There's a sense that something is off, and you know something needs to change. With my warm, collaborative, and insight-oriented approach, we will explore your thoughts and feelings, and work together to identify root causes and shed old patterns that are no longer working for you. From this place of deeper understanding, you can feel more at home within yourself, and experience a greater capacity for joy, comfort, and ease.
(510) 953-4275 View (510) 953-4275
Photo of Eva Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Eva Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
9 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
We learn to survive and cope with our circumstances in the best way we know how at the time. Therapy offers an opportunity to slow down and get to know what is really going on inside and to learn to listen to your body's natural wisdom. I am interested in collaborating with you to explore where you're feeling stuck, confused or overwhelmed. I can help guide you to discover new, more effective ways of showing up for yourself and in your relationships. My own love of nature and mindfulness meditation practice informs much of my work with clients.
We learn to survive and cope with our circumstances in the best way we know how at the time. Therapy offers an opportunity to slow down and get to know what is really going on inside and to learn to listen to your body's natural wisdom. I am interested in collaborating with you to explore where you're feeling stuck, confused or overwhelmed. I can help guide you to discover new, more effective ways of showing up for yourself and in your relationships. My own love of nature and mindfulness meditation practice informs much of my work with clients.
(510) 788-2709 View (510) 788-2709
Photo of Joy Wong Liu, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Joy Wong Liu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Do you often feel ashamed and not good enough, even though others think you have it all together? Do you find yourself caring for those around you, all the while wondering when it will be your turn to get what you need? Does the intensity of your negative feelings sometimes scare you?
Do you often feel ashamed and not good enough, even though others think you have it all together? Do you find yourself caring for those around you, all the while wondering when it will be your turn to get what you need? Does the intensity of your negative feelings sometimes scare you?
(510) 296-6511 View (510) 296-6511
Photo of James Murakami, Psychologist, PhD
James Murakami
Psychologist, PhD
Berkeley, CA 94707
Hello, I have a passion for working collaboratively with adults, adolescents and children who may be experiencing distress or who simply seek greater fulfillment in life. I believe deeply in the importance of connection among individuals, families, communities, nature, and spirituality towards promoting resiliency and healing. I have worked extensively with young adults, children and adolescents who have suffered anxiety, depression, educational difficulty, trauma and loss.
Hello, I have a passion for working collaboratively with adults, adolescents and children who may be experiencing distress or who simply seek greater fulfillment in life. I believe deeply in the importance of connection among individuals, families, communities, nature, and spirituality towards promoting resiliency and healing. I have worked extensively with young adults, children and adolescents who have suffered anxiety, depression, educational difficulty, trauma and loss.
(510) 379-9069 View (510) 379-9069
Photo of Joanna Wise Bradman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joanna Wise Bradman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Berkeley, CA 94707
I work with individual adults, couples, adult families and adolescents. My work is grounded in contemporary and relational psychoanalytic theory, with particular attention paid to multicultural context. My psychotherapy practice serves people who feel blocked by certain behaviors or patterns of relating with people, who seek to improve individual well-being and personal relationships, and/or who have experienced trauma within their families or elsewhere, including survivors of war or other conflict. My practice focus includes older adults and clients with chronic health and/or mental health conditions, and with caregivers.
I work with individual adults, couples, adult families and adolescents. My work is grounded in contemporary and relational psychoanalytic theory, with particular attention paid to multicultural context. My psychotherapy practice serves people who feel blocked by certain behaviors or patterns of relating with people, who seek to improve individual well-being and personal relationships, and/or who have experienced trauma within their families or elsewhere, including survivors of war or other conflict. My practice focus includes older adults and clients with chronic health and/or mental health conditions, and with caregivers.
(510) 255-5312 View (510) 255-5312
Photo of Zoe Jeffery, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Zoe Jeffery
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a compassionate, collaborative, and down-to-earth therapist. I see therapy as a partnership built on authenticity, trust, and connection. Together, we’ll focus on what matters most to you—whether that’s navigating life transitions, improving relationships, or feeling more grounded and confident in yourself. My approach is integrative, drawing from attachment theory, psychodynamic work, and systems thinking. I believe growth happens through genuine connection and shared understanding, and I bring warmth, empathy, and honesty to every session.
I am a compassionate, collaborative, and down-to-earth therapist. I see therapy as a partnership built on authenticity, trust, and connection. Together, we’ll focus on what matters most to you—whether that’s navigating life transitions, improving relationships, or feeling more grounded and confident in yourself. My approach is integrative, drawing from attachment theory, psychodynamic work, and systems thinking. I believe growth happens through genuine connection and shared understanding, and I bring warmth, empathy, and honesty to every session.
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Photo of Marc Teitelbaum, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Marc Teitelbaum
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Berkeley, CA 94707
You may be coming to therapy because you are suffering from anxiety, depression, grief, fear or trauma from the past. Or you may be struggling with loneliness, relationship or career/ work issues. In order to work effectively on these and other issues, I believe it is fundamental to provide you with a safe space so that you can speak openly about yourself. My approach is to establish a therapeutic relationship based on trust and respect in order to promote change and healing. This is not always easy work, but when we feel heard, understood and open to the caring and empathy of another, the experience can be life changing.
You may be coming to therapy because you are suffering from anxiety, depression, grief, fear or trauma from the past. Or you may be struggling with loneliness, relationship or career/ work issues. In order to work effectively on these and other issues, I believe it is fundamental to provide you with a safe space so that you can speak openly about yourself. My approach is to establish a therapeutic relationship based on trust and respect in order to promote change and healing. This is not always easy work, but when we feel heard, understood and open to the caring and empathy of another, the experience can be life changing.
(510) 518-3426 View (510) 518-3426
Photo of Dr. Sarah E Jung, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Sarah E Jung
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who provides comprehensive psychoeducational assessments for ADHD, Autism and learning disorders (dyslexia) for students 12 years and older. For adults, I provide psychiatric evaluations that can be used for FMLA, military/occupational entrance and surgical or custody requirements. I specialize in treating Binge Eating Disorder, Bulimia, ADHD and helping my clients navigate multiracial relationships and generational conflict.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who provides comprehensive psychoeducational assessments for ADHD, Autism and learning disorders (dyslexia) for students 12 years and older. For adults, I provide psychiatric evaluations that can be used for FMLA, military/occupational entrance and surgical or custody requirements. I specialize in treating Binge Eating Disorder, Bulimia, ADHD and helping my clients navigate multiracial relationships and generational conflict.
(510) 399-1058 View (510) 399-1058
Photo of Ruth Rubalcava - Dr. Ruth Rubalcava, Licensed Educational Psychologist, PsyD, LEP
Dr. Ruth Rubalcava
Licensed Educational Psychologist, PsyD, LEP
Berkeley, CA 94707
If your child is struggling in school, psycho-educational testing is the first step in understanding your child's needs. As a licensed educational psychologist, I specialize in psycho-educational testing and school meetings. I have extensive experience in both assessment and intervention of psychological disorders impacting learning and school performance such dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, ADHD, autism and emotional disturbance.
If your child is struggling in school, psycho-educational testing is the first step in understanding your child's needs. As a licensed educational psychologist, I specialize in psycho-educational testing and school meetings. I have extensive experience in both assessment and intervention of psychological disorders impacting learning and school performance such dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, ADHD, autism and emotional disturbance.
(510) 761-3759 View (510) 761-3759
Photo of Julie Such, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Julie Such
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I'm accepting new clients! My work is genuine, nonjudgmental, gender-affirming, and intersectional.  I work from a perspective that integrates social and cultural context (society, family, and relationships) with your values, strengths, and desires. Together we’ll use humor, creativity, and levity to provide fertile ground for more difficult emotions like grief, depression, and anxiety. I use various therapeutic approaches based on the issues and needs you bring into session; providing individual and relationship therapy that is personalized, holistic, and trauma-informed.
I'm accepting new clients! My work is genuine, nonjudgmental, gender-affirming, and intersectional.  I work from a perspective that integrates social and cultural context (society, family, and relationships) with your values, strengths, and desires. Together we’ll use humor, creativity, and levity to provide fertile ground for more difficult emotions like grief, depression, and anxiety. I use various therapeutic approaches based on the issues and needs you bring into session; providing individual and relationship therapy that is personalized, holistic, and trauma-informed.
(510) 930-0608 View (510) 930-0608
Photo of Morgan Hart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Morgan Hart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a compassionate, interactive, collaborative therapist who works with adult individuals, couples and parents who are facing a major life transition, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety, or self-defeating patterns of behavior. I believe in the healing power of humor and I strive to develop a frame that is profoundly supportive but also challenging, where you will feel free to express your feelings and speak your mind, with meaningful change and growth as our shared goal. My approach is trauma-informed; it integrates attachment theory, dynamic emotion focused therapy, neurobiology, systems, and relational models.
I am a compassionate, interactive, collaborative therapist who works with adult individuals, couples and parents who are facing a major life transition, relationship challenges, depression, anxiety, or self-defeating patterns of behavior. I believe in the healing power of humor and I strive to develop a frame that is profoundly supportive but also challenging, where you will feel free to express your feelings and speak your mind, with meaningful change and growth as our shared goal. My approach is trauma-informed; it integrates attachment theory, dynamic emotion focused therapy, neurobiology, systems, and relational models.
(323) 703-5189 View (323) 703-5189
Photo of Anthony Q. Liu, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
Anthony Q. Liu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CSAT
6 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Have you tried to stop looking at porn but can't? Have secrets sapped the trust and respect from your relationship? Do memories of past hurts intrude into the present? Infidelity, porn, or sex addiction -- and the shame that comes along with it -- can take away our voice. Let's talk and make sure you're heard. I have helped many individuals and couples develop healthy sexuality and rebuild trust. It would be my honor to walk alongside you.
Have you tried to stop looking at porn but can't? Have secrets sapped the trust and respect from your relationship? Do memories of past hurts intrude into the present? Infidelity, porn, or sex addiction -- and the shame that comes along with it -- can take away our voice. Let's talk and make sure you're heard. I have helped many individuals and couples develop healthy sexuality and rebuild trust. It would be my honor to walk alongside you.
(925) 272-9638 View (925) 272-9638
Photo of Ananda M Patterson, Psychologist, PsyD
Ananda M Patterson
Psychologist, PsyD
Kensington, CA 94707
My practice is dedicated to fostering healing through warm, relational therapy. I welcome clients from all backgrounds and walks of life, with special focus on members of the LGBTQIA+ community, those in trauma recovery, and those navigating disability or neurodiversity. I work to create a therapeutic space that fosters trust and human connection. Within this space we can engage in compassionate exploration of lifelong patterns of belief and behaviors, the impacts of trauma and stigma, relationship and intimacy concerns, identity intersections, life transitions, and issues stemming from aging, disability, and/or chronic pain.
My practice is dedicated to fostering healing through warm, relational therapy. I welcome clients from all backgrounds and walks of life, with special focus on members of the LGBTQIA+ community, those in trauma recovery, and those navigating disability or neurodiversity. I work to create a therapeutic space that fosters trust and human connection. Within this space we can engage in compassionate exploration of lifelong patterns of belief and behaviors, the impacts of trauma and stigma, relationship and intimacy concerns, identity intersections, life transitions, and issues stemming from aging, disability, and/or chronic pain.
(510) 999-8508 View (510) 999-8508

See more therapy options for 94707

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94707

200+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 94707 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Grief
68% Trauma and PTSD
60% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

49% Aetna
47% Other
38% Optum

How Therapists in 94707 see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94707?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.