Therapists in 94619

Photo of Perri Franskoviak, Psychologist, PhD
Perri Franskoviak
Psychologist, PhD
Oakland, CA 94619
Change happens when our insights align with a feeling or sensation in our body. It happens as we discover aspects of our experience and who we are in the presence of another person. I work collaboratively to help you define your goals and how you'll know that therapy is helping. Each one of us has a different idea of success; one size definitely does not fit all. My approach is warm, practical, and focused on the present. I blend a dynamic understanding of human development and how we adapt to and can potentially change our present circumstances. I also offer ketamine-assisted therapy to support your therapeutic goals.
Change happens when our insights align with a feeling or sensation in our body. It happens as we discover aspects of our experience and who we are in the presence of another person. I work collaboratively to help you define your goals and how you'll know that therapy is helping. Each one of us has a different idea of success; one size definitely does not fit all. My approach is warm, practical, and focused on the present. I blend a dynamic understanding of human development and how we adapt to and can potentially change our present circumstances. I also offer ketamine-assisted therapy to support your therapeutic goals.
(510) 401-3413 View (510) 401-3413
Photo of Karen E Sprinkel - Karen Sprinkel, Individual & Family Trauma Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP
Karen Sprinkel, Individual & Family Trauma Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619
Not accepting new clients
Do you have a trauma, a significant loss, a relationship or a childhood memory, that seems to invade every part of your day, and you just can not seem to get past it? We all experience life events that change us, and therapy can help the healing process so you incorporate your pain into your life in a positive way. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Brainspotting, Somatic Experiencing (SE) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) are very effective tools to help process areas in your life or in your body you are feeling stuck. You can regenerate your self, and experience life in a new way.
Do you have a trauma, a significant loss, a relationship or a childhood memory, that seems to invade every part of your day, and you just can not seem to get past it? We all experience life events that change us, and therapy can help the healing process so you incorporate your pain into your life in a positive way. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Brainspotting, Somatic Experiencing (SE) and Internal Family Systems (IFS) are very effective tools to help process areas in your life or in your body you are feeling stuck. You can regenerate your self, and experience life in a new way.
(510) 878-4177 View (510) 878-4177
Photo of Crystal Harper, Pastoral Counselor, DMinCC, LCPC, CTSS, PhD
Crystal Harper
Pastoral Counselor, DMinCC, LCPC, CTSS, PhD
Online Only
Are you struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or other distressing emotions? Do you desire release from unsuccessful patterns of behavior in relationships? If you want to experience more peace and well-being, I can effectively and compassionately help you navigate life-altering crisis and heal from childhood or adult traumatic events. With over 30 years of counseling experience, I have worked in: Suicide Prevention, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Addiction (Drug Court), Anxiety, Depression, Domestic Violence, PTSD. I have both a strong clinical and faith-based educational background and take a holistic approach to counseling.
Are you struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or other distressing emotions? Do you desire release from unsuccessful patterns of behavior in relationships? If you want to experience more peace and well-being, I can effectively and compassionately help you navigate life-altering crisis and heal from childhood or adult traumatic events. With over 30 years of counseling experience, I have worked in: Suicide Prevention, Physical/Sexual Abuse, Trauma, Addiction (Drug Court), Anxiety, Depression, Domestic Violence, PTSD. I have both a strong clinical and faith-based educational background and take a holistic approach to counseling.
(916) 579-7621 View (916) 579-7621
Photo of Shannel Benisano, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shannel Benisano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Have you ever been overwhelmed by the thoughts and feelings of the past? Are you having a hard time completing daily tasks without feeling irritated or sad? Is it difficult to motivate yourself to do things you enjoy? Is it easier to be alone than be with the people you love? Do you freeze when feeling overwhelmed? Whether you have been experiencing these feelings more recently or for a long period of time, it can be so hard to know what to do or where to go. That is where I can help you.
Have you ever been overwhelmed by the thoughts and feelings of the past? Are you having a hard time completing daily tasks without feeling irritated or sad? Is it difficult to motivate yourself to do things you enjoy? Is it easier to be alone than be with the people you love? Do you freeze when feeling overwhelmed? Whether you have been experiencing these feelings more recently or for a long period of time, it can be so hard to know what to do or where to go. That is where I can help you.
(925) 481-5287 View (925) 481-5287
Photo of Allison Bree Desmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, 75412
Allison Bree Desmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, 75412
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I believe people have limitless strengths & they may just need to learn to access them & believe in themselves to achieve what they seek in life. I also believe that most mental health symptoms & dysfunction in our lives stems from unresolved or unprocessed trauma & some traumatic experiences may not always be perceived as trauma. Though I specialize in working through grief, helping the helpers, & supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals, I really enjoy helping anyone who seeks my assistance. I feel very capable of meeting people where they are at & helping them get to where they want to go to achieve their personal goals.
I believe people have limitless strengths & they may just need to learn to access them & believe in themselves to achieve what they seek in life. I also believe that most mental health symptoms & dysfunction in our lives stems from unresolved or unprocessed trauma & some traumatic experiences may not always be perceived as trauma. Though I specialize in working through grief, helping the helpers, & supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals, I really enjoy helping anyone who seeks my assistance. I feel very capable of meeting people where they are at & helping them get to where they want to go to achieve their personal goals.
(510) 313-2932 View (510) 313-2932
Photo of Marcus Christmas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marcus Christmas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Oakland, CA 94619
My greatest reward as a therapist is seeing children, adolescents, families and individuals work through the areas of their lives that prevent them from walking in their fullest potential and overcoming obstacles to get to know themselves on a deeper level. Therapy is a personal journey that is empowering and healing. I work to structure sessions that are warm, compassionate and nonjudgmental. I incorporate clients in the process when developing goals based on their current struggles.
My greatest reward as a therapist is seeing children, adolescents, families and individuals work through the areas of their lives that prevent them from walking in their fullest potential and overcoming obstacles to get to know themselves on a deeper level. Therapy is a personal journey that is empowering and healing. I work to structure sessions that are warm, compassionate and nonjudgmental. I incorporate clients in the process when developing goals based on their current struggles.
(415) 231-0656 View (415) 231-0656
Photo of Megan Shaughnessy-Mogill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Megan Shaughnessy-Mogill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I deeply believe in our innate capacity to heal, and I hold great reverence for the creative wisdom and resilience of the people I accompany in this work. My clinical approach is rooted in relational psychodynamic and politicized somatic lineages. I work intuitively and collaboratively, bringing a holistic and compassionate approach to the unique nature of each therapeutic relationship, supporting clients in building upon their wise and adaptive capacities with greater self-knowledge, compassion and support. I attune to the ways each of us is dialectically shaped by, and shaping, the conditions of the world around us.
I deeply believe in our innate capacity to heal, and I hold great reverence for the creative wisdom and resilience of the people I accompany in this work. My clinical approach is rooted in relational psychodynamic and politicized somatic lineages. I work intuitively and collaboratively, bringing a holistic and compassionate approach to the unique nature of each therapeutic relationship, supporting clients in building upon their wise and adaptive capacities with greater self-knowledge, compassion and support. I attune to the ways each of us is dialectically shaped by, and shaping, the conditions of the world around us.
(510) 519-3640 View (510) 519-3640
Photo of Alex Rossman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alex Rossman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Are you in a relationship where you feel unheard, misunderstood and at times invisible? Are you a parent that feels overwhelmed? Relationships can be amazing, however, as more stress occurs in our lives, our emotional bandwidth can get shorter. We start to judge ourselves and others. We are looking for a life line from those we love, yet they are looking for a life line from us. Relationship therapy is about opening up about our wants, needs and fears, while being open to hear the same from our love ones. It is not about who is right or wrong. It’s about learning that we might want the same things in life.
Are you in a relationship where you feel unheard, misunderstood and at times invisible? Are you a parent that feels overwhelmed? Relationships can be amazing, however, as more stress occurs in our lives, our emotional bandwidth can get shorter. We start to judge ourselves and others. We are looking for a life line from those we love, yet they are looking for a life line from us. Relationship therapy is about opening up about our wants, needs and fears, while being open to hear the same from our love ones. It is not about who is right or wrong. It’s about learning that we might want the same things in life.
(510) 726-6663 View (510) 726-6663
Photo of Johari Bailey, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Johari Bailey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Online Only
Hello, and welcome! I'm thrilled to be your guide on this transformative journey towards self-discovery and mental wellness. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking greater self-awareness, I am committed to providing compassionate support and guidance every step of the way. My ultimate goal is to help you build resilience, boost your self-esteem, and cultivate a more positive outlook on life.
Hello, and welcome! I'm thrilled to be your guide on this transformative journey towards self-discovery and mental wellness. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking greater self-awareness, I am committed to providing compassionate support and guidance every step of the way. My ultimate goal is to help you build resilience, boost your self-esteem, and cultivate a more positive outlook on life.
(510) 901-3997 View (510) 901-3997
Photo of Tayyibah Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Tayyibah Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find yourself facing the same challenges repeatedly? Feeling stuck in a pattern you just can’t break? Sometimes, life’s usual coping methods stop working. We try to push through, read self-help books, and listen to podcasts—yet nothing changes. We know something needs to shift, but we’re unsure how. In my practice, therapy begins with building a trusting relationship. Together, we’ll explore your past, clarify your values, and move forward with awareness.
Do you find yourself facing the same challenges repeatedly? Feeling stuck in a pattern you just can’t break? Sometimes, life’s usual coping methods stop working. We try to push through, read self-help books, and listen to podcasts—yet nothing changes. We know something needs to shift, but we’re unsure how. In my practice, therapy begins with building a trusting relationship. Together, we’ll explore your past, clarify your values, and move forward with awareness.
(510) 390-7486 View (510) 390-7486
Photo of Cassandra Carter, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Cassandra Carter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Starting therapy can feel like a big step. I congratulate you on starting your journey, and I’m here to make sure that it is meaningful to you. I specialize in working with individuals, couples and families navigating the variety of mental health challenges and life transitions. I am experienced working with those struggling with anxiety, depression, dual diagnosis and trauma. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. I welcome you to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin. I’m here to provide a safe and supportive environment to support your goals.
Starting therapy can feel like a big step. I congratulate you on starting your journey, and I’m here to make sure that it is meaningful to you. I specialize in working with individuals, couples and families navigating the variety of mental health challenges and life transitions. I am experienced working with those struggling with anxiety, depression, dual diagnosis and trauma. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. I welcome you to reach out whenever you feel ready to begin. I’m here to provide a safe and supportive environment to support your goals.
(510) 983-5747 View (510) 983-5747
Photo of Mirely Vasquez, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Mirely Vasquez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Oakland, CA 94619
Bienvenidos/Welcome! I am a bilingual/bicultural Spanish-speaking therapist located in the East Bay area of California. I have been working with children, teens, and adults of color struggling with an array of concerns including anxiety, depression, relationship satisfaction, life purpose, trauma, postpartum depression, and spirituality, related to life transitions, family stress, trauma, and grief. Although my work has focused on the unique needs of minorities and underrepresented individuals, being a member of that community is certainly not a requirement for your personal development.
Bienvenidos/Welcome! I am a bilingual/bicultural Spanish-speaking therapist located in the East Bay area of California. I have been working with children, teens, and adults of color struggling with an array of concerns including anxiety, depression, relationship satisfaction, life purpose, trauma, postpartum depression, and spirituality, related to life transitions, family stress, trauma, and grief. Although my work has focused on the unique needs of minorities and underrepresented individuals, being a member of that community is certainly not a requirement for your personal development.
(510) 916-3215 View (510) 916-3215
Photo of Yanée Ferrari, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT
Yanée Ferrari
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, AMFT
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619
If you’re a Black, Indigenous, or Woman of Color, a survivor of sexual trauma or a spiritually-inclined person longing to feel more whole… this space is for you.
If you’re a Black, Indigenous, or Woman of Color, a survivor of sexual trauma or a spiritually-inclined person longing to feel more whole… this space is for you.
(510) 880-4085 View (510) 880-4085
Photo of Kristina Tu, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kristina Tu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
am a License Marriage Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with individuals who have experience trauma, anxiety, family issues, relationship issues, eating disorders, depression, low self-esteem, and self-doubt. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for healing, and self-exploration. I use a collaborative approach with my clients and help them navigate through phases in their life that maybe confusing and challenging. When we are unable to process challenges in our lives, we can feel like we have lost our sense of direction and become stuck in unhealthy patterns.
am a License Marriage Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience working with individuals who have experience trauma, anxiety, family issues, relationship issues, eating disorders, depression, low self-esteem, and self-doubt. As a therapist, I strive to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment for healing, and self-exploration. I use a collaborative approach with my clients and help them navigate through phases in their life that maybe confusing and challenging. When we are unable to process challenges in our lives, we can feel like we have lost our sense of direction and become stuck in unhealthy patterns.
(510) 616-9418 View (510) 616-9418
Photo of Stacy Donovan George, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Stacy Donovan George
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Oakland, CA 94619
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or grief? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt or struggling with the pain of a difficult relationship? Seeking support is a courageous step toward healing, and you don’t have to navigate this alone. With curiosity, compassion, and a non-judgmental approach, I help clients find relief, gain clarity, and create a more sustainable, fulfilling path forward. Together, we’ll explore the deeper roots of your challenges, understand the role they’ve played in your life, and work toward lasting healing. You will discover strengths, skills and cultivate greater self mastery.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or grief? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt or struggling with the pain of a difficult relationship? Seeking support is a courageous step toward healing, and you don’t have to navigate this alone. With curiosity, compassion, and a non-judgmental approach, I help clients find relief, gain clarity, and create a more sustainable, fulfilling path forward. Together, we’ll explore the deeper roots of your challenges, understand the role they’ve played in your life, and work toward lasting healing. You will discover strengths, skills and cultivate greater self mastery.
(510) 314-8566 View (510) 314-8566
Photo of Alexis Lezin, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Alexis Lezin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Oakland, CA 94619
In doing this search, you are already taking a big step toward feeling better. You remember a time when you felt more alive and connected and want to find your way there again. In our work together, you can understand and change long-standing behavior patterns and beliefs that have been keeping you back. Together, we will work to reconnect you with your strengths, vitality and sense of connectedness with yourself and others.
In doing this search, you are already taking a big step toward feeling better. You remember a time when you felt more alive and connected and want to find your way there again. In our work together, you can understand and change long-standing behavior patterns and beliefs that have been keeping you back. Together, we will work to reconnect you with your strengths, vitality and sense of connectedness with yourself and others.
(415) 944-4125 View (415) 944-4125
Gregg E Bernstein
Psychologist, PhD
Oakland, CA 94619
I have many years of experience in dealing with anxiety, depression, loss, life transitions, addictions of all types, and relationship and identity issues. I think my strength is that I approach people on a very human level, with respect, caring and humor. I feel "we are all in the same boat" (including me) and that we all need someone to take us seriously, listen carefully and know how hard it is to be vulnerable to a 'stranger'. I will do my very best to help you create the life you want. I have lost a child, so I have a special sensitivity to grieving parents and their challenges.
I have many years of experience in dealing with anxiety, depression, loss, life transitions, addictions of all types, and relationship and identity issues. I think my strength is that I approach people on a very human level, with respect, caring and humor. I feel "we are all in the same boat" (including me) and that we all need someone to take us seriously, listen carefully and know how hard it is to be vulnerable to a 'stranger'. I will do my very best to help you create the life you want. I have lost a child, so I have a special sensitivity to grieving parents and their challenges.
(510) 817-2108 View (510) 817-2108
Photo of Wes Rothstein, AMFT
Wes Rothstein
Verified Verified
Online Only
Throughout life, many of us receive messages that make us question our place or urge us to alter ourselves to fit societal norms. I support LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals who are working on self-discovery and unlearning as well as seeking answers to questions about identity, belonging, and authenticity. Whether you are grappling with aspects of personal identity, past or present trauma or oppression, or challenging relationship dynamics, we will work collaboratively towards positive growth. I also offer support for those seeking help around queer conception, infertility, family building.
Throughout life, many of us receive messages that make us question our place or urge us to alter ourselves to fit societal norms. I support LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent individuals who are working on self-discovery and unlearning as well as seeking answers to questions about identity, belonging, and authenticity. Whether you are grappling with aspects of personal identity, past or present trauma or oppression, or challenging relationship dynamics, we will work collaboratively towards positive growth. I also offer support for those seeking help around queer conception, infertility, family building.
(510) 983-8157 View (510) 983-8157
Photo of Natalie Lorraine Ortega, Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW, ASW
Natalie Lorraine Ortega
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MSW, ASW
Online Only
As a politicized somatic practitioner, I offer politicized somatics, an embodied path towards healing and transformation from individual and collective trauma. Politicized somatics allows you to align your values with your actions through increasing somatic awareness. This allows you to perceive your moods, sensations and emotions in order to get more present with what is and to make choiceful decisions about what follows. This, in itself, is a practice. Practice is an antidote that supports embodiment, healing and transformation.
As a politicized somatic practitioner, I offer politicized somatics, an embodied path towards healing and transformation from individual and collective trauma. Politicized somatics allows you to align your values with your actions through increasing somatic awareness. This allows you to perceive your moods, sensations and emotions in order to get more present with what is and to make choiceful decisions about what follows. This, in itself, is a practice. Practice is an antidote that supports embodiment, healing and transformation.
(510) 851-8997 View (510) 851-8997
Photo of Esther Wang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Esther Wang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My clients sometimes think of themselves as outsiders, and in our sessions they find validation, safety, and hope. We collaborate on issues like finding community, discovering your voice, and freeing your internal advocate. Everyone can use extra support from time to time, and that's what I'm here for. Let’s be curious about your challenges and search together for solutions that come from the context of your life.
My clients sometimes think of themselves as outsiders, and in our sessions they find validation, safety, and hope. We collaborate on issues like finding community, discovering your voice, and freeing your internal advocate. Everyone can use extra support from time to time, and that's what I'm here for. Let’s be curious about your challenges and search together for solutions that come from the context of your life.
(510) 338-9419 View (510) 338-9419

See more therapy options for 94619

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94619

80+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 94619 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
83% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Grief
68% Trauma and PTSD
63% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Aetna
40% Other
37% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 94619 see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
20% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94619?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.