Photo of Ali Faris, PsyD, Psychologist
Ali Faris
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Evening and weekend appointments are available! If you are looking for help to rediscover, remember, and grow into the person you wish to be and need support and help to get there, I would feel privileged to be on that journey with you. I focus on honoring your knowledge and experiences in the hope of creating an empowering environment where you benefit from the freedom to discover your strengths, resiliencies, and courage. I consider the many ways you have come to know and understand yourself and your relationships to others, taking into account your culture, history, and identity.
Evening and weekend appointments are available! If you are looking for help to rediscover, remember, and grow into the person you wish to be and need support and help to get there, I would feel privileged to be on that journey with you. I focus on honoring your knowledge and experiences in the hope of creating an empowering environment where you benefit from the freedom to discover your strengths, resiliencies, and courage. I consider the many ways you have come to know and understand yourself and your relationships to others, taking into account your culture, history, and identity.
(510) 588-7155 View (510) 588-7155
Photo of Ariana Candell: Brainspotting, LMFT, Somatic, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ariana Candell: Brainspotting
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, Somatic
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
Are you ready to take a big step to move through deep-rooted issues? Do you feel frustrated that things aren't changing quickly enough in your life? If you’ve tried traditional or talk therapy without satisfaction, you may be ready to try something new that targets the core of your issues! Perhaps you’re working with a difficult relationship issue, a significant life transition or career challenges. If you have a history of anxiety, depression, childhood trauma or adult trauma, it can be hard to make changes on your own, but healing is possible and I'd love to support you!
Are you ready to take a big step to move through deep-rooted issues? Do you feel frustrated that things aren't changing quickly enough in your life? If you’ve tried traditional or talk therapy without satisfaction, you may be ready to try something new that targets the core of your issues! Perhaps you’re working with a difficult relationship issue, a significant life transition or career challenges. If you have a history of anxiety, depression, childhood trauma or adult trauma, it can be hard to make changes on your own, but healing is possible and I'd love to support you!
(341) 444-3367 View (341) 444-3367
Photo of Daniel Matthieu Cohen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Matthieu Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Are you struggling with addiction but feel unsure about traditional approaches like 12-step groups, rehabs, or even total abstinence? You're not alone! Many people don’t seek help because they feel this way. I specialize in taking the power out of addictive behaviors by uncovering the trauma and difficult family experiences that impact your life under the surface. With this awareness, you can learn how to start healing yourself with acceptance and love. Helping you recognize your strengths and replacing harmful behaviors with more meaning and joy is the goal. I'm here to be in your corner, as an ally and as a guide.
Are you struggling with addiction but feel unsure about traditional approaches like 12-step groups, rehabs, or even total abstinence? You're not alone! Many people don’t seek help because they feel this way. I specialize in taking the power out of addictive behaviors by uncovering the trauma and difficult family experiences that impact your life under the surface. With this awareness, you can learn how to start healing yourself with acceptance and love. Helping you recognize your strengths and replacing harmful behaviors with more meaning and joy is the goal. I'm here to be in your corner, as an ally and as a guide.
(510) 395-8582 View (510) 395-8582
Photo of Michelle Cataldo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Cataldo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Sometimes it is difficult to know how to move through the waves of life’s challenges. Anxiety, self-esteem issues, grief and loss, perfectionism, and relationship concerns can all disconnect us from staying present to ourselves and grounded in the knowledge that we are not alone. Being open to support is a brave and powerful starting place. Whatever your life experience or transition, I look forward to being your ally as we work to deepen your self-knowledge, self-trust, and self-compassion.
Sometimes it is difficult to know how to move through the waves of life’s challenges. Anxiety, self-esteem issues, grief and loss, perfectionism, and relationship concerns can all disconnect us from staying present to ourselves and grounded in the knowledge that we are not alone. Being open to support is a brave and powerful starting place. Whatever your life experience or transition, I look forward to being your ally as we work to deepen your self-knowledge, self-trust, and self-compassion.
(510) 983-7662 View (510) 983-7662
Photo of Jennifer Simon, JD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Simon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I completed my Masters of Social Work at Smith College School for Social Work. I received my post-masters training at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Adult Psychiatry, where I practiced individual adult and group psychotherapy for six years before transitioning into private practice. Working at Kaiser afforded me experience with a wide range of client concerns and gave me the opportunity to work with clients from a wide range of socioeconomic, cultural, and relationship backgrounds. Before pursuing my MSW, I practiced as a corporate transactional attorney at two Bay Area law firms after completing my JD at Harvard Law School.
I completed my Masters of Social Work at Smith College School for Social Work. I received my post-masters training at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Adult Psychiatry, where I practiced individual adult and group psychotherapy for six years before transitioning into private practice. Working at Kaiser afforded me experience with a wide range of client concerns and gave me the opportunity to work with clients from a wide range of socioeconomic, cultural, and relationship backgrounds. Before pursuing my MSW, I practiced as a corporate transactional attorney at two Bay Area law firms after completing my JD at Harvard Law School.
(510) 662-0976 View (510) 662-0976
Photo of Dr. Aviva Wilcox, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Aviva Wilcox
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
The single most consistent predictor of success in therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. I prioritize creating a trusting relationship. My approach is collaborative, relational, and interactive. I balance listening deeply with gently challenging clients to make meaningful change. I am not a therapist who sits back silently. I also do not presume that any given technique or my own experience hold all the answers in our journey together. Rather, I draw on evidence-based, relational practices, more than a decade of clinical practice, and your lived experience, cultural and personal practices, beliefs, and values.
The single most consistent predictor of success in therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. I prioritize creating a trusting relationship. My approach is collaborative, relational, and interactive. I balance listening deeply with gently challenging clients to make meaningful change. I am not a therapist who sits back silently. I also do not presume that any given technique or my own experience hold all the answers in our journey together. Rather, I draw on evidence-based, relational practices, more than a decade of clinical practice, and your lived experience, cultural and personal practices, beliefs, and values.
(510) 902-1335 View (510) 902-1335
Photo of Jonathan Lee, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jonathan Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
You’ve needed changes but for too long, your efforts get complicated by self-sabotage and triggered reactions. When triggered, you prefer to isolate and withdraw so you don’t need to worry more about straining your relationships. You’ve had to be self-reliant for so long that you can’t imagine asking for what you need without feeling selfish or worrying about burdening others. Much of your attention is preoccupied with anticipating harm or preventing social rejection. You know that you’re self-aware and knowledgeable about your struggles. But you don’t know how to implement the steps towards actual deep, lasting healing and change.
You’ve needed changes but for too long, your efforts get complicated by self-sabotage and triggered reactions. When triggered, you prefer to isolate and withdraw so you don’t need to worry more about straining your relationships. You’ve had to be self-reliant for so long that you can’t imagine asking for what you need without feeling selfish or worrying about burdening others. Much of your attention is preoccupied with anticipating harm or preventing social rejection. You know that you’re self-aware and knowledgeable about your struggles. But you don’t know how to implement the steps towards actual deep, lasting healing and change.
(510) 930-3465 View (510) 930-3465
Photo of Kathleen H Mcclelland - Kathleen H. McClelland, LMFT 82458, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathleen H. McClelland, LMFT 82458
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I work collaboratively with adults, children and families across the lifespan to co-create a therapeutic relationship that helps them to recognize behavior and thinking that no longer works and discover new options for living. Using a relational, non-judgmental and compassionate approach, I help people who are navigating difficult life transitions, struggling with relationships, working through grief and loss and adjusting to living with physical or mental illnesses, including addictions and co-occurring disorders. I utilize sand tray therapy and expressive arts in my work with both children and adults.
I work collaboratively with adults, children and families across the lifespan to co-create a therapeutic relationship that helps them to recognize behavior and thinking that no longer works and discover new options for living. Using a relational, non-judgmental and compassionate approach, I help people who are navigating difficult life transitions, struggling with relationships, working through grief and loss and adjusting to living with physical or mental illnesses, including addictions and co-occurring disorders. I utilize sand tray therapy and expressive arts in my work with both children and adults.
(888) 697-2063 View (888) 697-2063
Photo of David Weinstein, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
David Weinstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I will interrupt you a lot, that is what meditation does. It interrupts our stories about ourselves and the world around us. I will also listen to you, deeply. That is another way meditation helps, we learn to listen to ourselves deeply. The word akrasia means 'out of control' and is used to describe the way we continue to do things that we know is not in our best interest, or don't do things that we know are in our best interest. Most people feel relief just to know there is word for it. The cause of akrasia is said to be a lack of information and meditation gives us access to the information we need to change.
I will interrupt you a lot, that is what meditation does. It interrupts our stories about ourselves and the world around us. I will also listen to you, deeply. That is another way meditation helps, we learn to listen to ourselves deeply. The word akrasia means 'out of control' and is used to describe the way we continue to do things that we know is not in our best interest, or don't do things that we know are in our best interest. Most people feel relief just to know there is word for it. The cause of akrasia is said to be a lack of information and meditation gives us access to the information we need to change.
(510) 661-3683 View (510) 661-3683
Photo of David Lee Miller, PhD, Psychologist
David Lee Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
After twenty years of helping clients my counseling approach is to look for the Health within you regardless of what you are currently experiencing. Once you get a sense of this inner Health you can use it to overcome the obstacles that are preventing you from enjoying your life or your relationships. I help you focus on areas of difficulty with kind acceptance. Anxiety, depression and unhappiness transform into greater contentment. You begin to experience yourself as bigger than the problem.
After twenty years of helping clients my counseling approach is to look for the Health within you regardless of what you are currently experiencing. Once you get a sense of this inner Health you can use it to overcome the obstacles that are preventing you from enjoying your life or your relationships. I help you focus on areas of difficulty with kind acceptance. Anxiety, depression and unhappiness transform into greater contentment. You begin to experience yourself as bigger than the problem.
(510) 530-4195 View (510) 530-4195
Photo of Nati Porat, MEd, MA
Nati Porat
MEd, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
I specialize in helping sensitive seekers, who struggle with stuckness, anxiety, grief and longing, to access their embodied wisdom so they can cultivate a fulfilling relationship with self and live courageously, as creative expressions of their unique soul.
I specialize in helping sensitive seekers, who struggle with stuckness, anxiety, grief and longing, to access their embodied wisdom so they can cultivate a fulfilling relationship with self and live courageously, as creative expressions of their unique soul.
(510) 630-2807 View (510) 630-2807
Photo of Raymond J Sutton, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Raymond J Sutton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
Waitlist for new clients
It is my passion to work with pre-adolescent, adolescent, and transitional age youth as well as young adults. My clients experience a wide range of trauma and stress that can result in depression and anxiety who want a compassionate adult to facilitate the creation of personalized goals targeted at increasing self-awareness and life improvement.
It is my passion to work with pre-adolescent, adolescent, and transitional age youth as well as young adults. My clients experience a wide range of trauma and stress that can result in depression and anxiety who want a compassionate adult to facilitate the creation of personalized goals targeted at increasing self-awareness and life improvement.
(415) 749-9391 View (415) 749-9391
Photo of Lauren Mellone, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren Mellone
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Hi there! Finding a therapist can be a daunting task. Perhaps you're seeking extra support during a hard time, wanting to enhance your relationship(s), or feeling ready to explore some shadowy areas in your self. Maybe you are facing some existential or spiritual questions, and seeking personal transformation. All of these are vulnerable pursuits, and you want to find a therapist that feels comfortable for you! I'd love to talk with you and see if our connection feels right for the special work ahead of you.
Hi there! Finding a therapist can be a daunting task. Perhaps you're seeking extra support during a hard time, wanting to enhance your relationship(s), or feeling ready to explore some shadowy areas in your self. Maybe you are facing some existential or spiritual questions, and seeking personal transformation. All of these are vulnerable pursuits, and you want to find a therapist that feels comfortable for you! I'd love to talk with you and see if our connection feels right for the special work ahead of you.
(415) 384-5733 View (415) 384-5733
Photo of Sahra Brubeck, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Sahra Brubeck
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
Therapy offers us the opportunity to turn towards parts of ourselves that have been disavowed and neglected with compassionate curiosity and care, rather than criticism or judgement. When we nurture our process of self-inquiry, we often find ourselves showing up for all relationships in new and unexpected ways. The internal shifts we experience, no matter how subtle, undoubtedly ripple outwards. Whether you are facing personal challenges, struggling with relational dynamics, or navigating organizational issues, I'm here to offer a supportive environment where you can feel empowered to explore thoughts and emotions without judgement.
Therapy offers us the opportunity to turn towards parts of ourselves that have been disavowed and neglected with compassionate curiosity and care, rather than criticism or judgement. When we nurture our process of self-inquiry, we often find ourselves showing up for all relationships in new and unexpected ways. The internal shifts we experience, no matter how subtle, undoubtedly ripple outwards. Whether you are facing personal challenges, struggling with relational dynamics, or navigating organizational issues, I'm here to offer a supportive environment where you can feel empowered to explore thoughts and emotions without judgement.
(510) 726-8818 View (510) 726-8818
Photo of Merideth Bowen Shamszad, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Merideth Bowen Shamszad
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
If you find yourself seeking new ways to be in relationship to your life, yourself and others, the sensitive and attuned psychotherapy I provide can help. Using inquiry, dialogue, guided imagery, Enneagram explorations and the arts, we can work together to explore and untangle your distress and illuminate the creative solutions that lie within you.
If you find yourself seeking new ways to be in relationship to your life, yourself and others, the sensitive and attuned psychotherapy I provide can help. Using inquiry, dialogue, guided imagery, Enneagram explorations and the arts, we can work together to explore and untangle your distress and illuminate the creative solutions that lie within you.
(510) 878-3048 View (510) 878-3048
Photo of Talia Chanoff, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Talia Chanoff
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
(415) 319-9235 View (415) 319-9235
Photo of Cindi Rivera, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cindi Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I am a bilingual bicultural psychotherapist working with adults and couples who are having problems in their relationships and/or who feel badly about themselves or their life situation. The in-depth work I do focuses on one's feelings and significant relationships - past and present. With compassion and deep personal respect, I help my clients to deal with the painful issues, losses and complex struggles of living. I work well with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, parenting issues, inter-racial couples, life transitions, loss, and trauma; toward repairing the relationships that are inevitably affected by these problems.
I am a bilingual bicultural psychotherapist working with adults and couples who are having problems in their relationships and/or who feel badly about themselves or their life situation. The in-depth work I do focuses on one's feelings and significant relationships - past and present. With compassion and deep personal respect, I help my clients to deal with the painful issues, losses and complex struggles of living. I work well with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, parenting issues, inter-racial couples, life transitions, loss, and trauma; toward repairing the relationships that are inevitably affected by these problems.
(510) 470-7374 View (510) 470-7374
Photo of Katherine Tarnoff, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katherine Tarnoff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
Through counseling, I support individuals, couples and families to identify patterns in behavior and communication. Our work together will be collaborative and strengths-based. It will encourage shifts in the family to promote healthy expression of emotions and communication to improve relationships. I use a directive style of communication and an active and integrative approach. I encourage parents, caregivers and other family members to be involved in the therapeutic process.
Through counseling, I support individuals, couples and families to identify patterns in behavior and communication. Our work together will be collaborative and strengths-based. It will encourage shifts in the family to promote healthy expression of emotions and communication to improve relationships. I use a directive style of communication and an active and integrative approach. I encourage parents, caregivers and other family members to be involved in the therapeutic process.
(510) 338-4214 View (510) 338-4214
Photo of Rae Walker Mountz, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rae Walker Mountz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602
My highest aim as your therapist is to co-create a lasting and genuine healing relationship, one where you feel supported to express yourself authentically and make the changes necessary in your life to live, love and work wholeheartedly. Together we will explore the issues, concerns and challenges that are coming up for you and how they are getting in the way of you living the life you want.
My highest aim as your therapist is to co-create a lasting and genuine healing relationship, one where you feel supported to express yourself authentically and make the changes necessary in your life to live, love and work wholeheartedly. Together we will explore the issues, concerns and challenges that are coming up for you and how they are getting in the way of you living the life you want.
(415) 877-5304 View (415) 877-5304
Photo of Erin Rosenblatt, PsyD, Psychologist
Erin Rosenblatt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Humans have innate intuition and wisdom, but we’ve been taught to bury our intuition to maintain oppressive social structures like capitalism. I believe reconnecting to your intuition is your birthright. You don’t need to look elsewhere for solutions or a “fix”, you only need to look within. I specialize in helping high-achieving women who struggle with chronic stress and overwhelm, self-sabotage, and hopelessness who’ve checked all the boxes but still aren’t happy.
Humans have innate intuition and wisdom, but we’ve been taught to bury our intuition to maintain oppressive social structures like capitalism. I believe reconnecting to your intuition is your birthright. You don’t need to look elsewhere for solutions or a “fix”, you only need to look within. I specialize in helping high-achieving women who struggle with chronic stress and overwhelm, self-sabotage, and hopelessness who’ve checked all the boxes but still aren’t happy.
(510) 988-5786 View (510) 988-5786
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See more therapy options for 94602

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94602

100+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 94602 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Depression
87% Relationship Issues
75% Life Transitions
70% Self Esteem
70% Stress
66% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
42% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 94602 see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
16% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94602?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.