Therapists in 94596

Photo of Natalie Webster, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Natalie Webster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Therapy can be a co-creative space to explore deeper questions of identity, meaning, creativity, and purpose in one’s life. The people I work with are often moving through threshold moments—times when old identities no longer seem to fit and something new has yet to take form. Many feel drawn toward dreams, creativity, imagination, or spiritual questions, sensing that their inner life carries meaning. Often artists, creatives, or intuitive types, we explore the images, patterns, and stories shaping their lives, cultivating a deeper relationship with the psyche and what is emerging into consciousness.
Therapy can be a co-creative space to explore deeper questions of identity, meaning, creativity, and purpose in one’s life. The people I work with are often moving through threshold moments—times when old identities no longer seem to fit and something new has yet to take form. Many feel drawn toward dreams, creativity, imagination, or spiritual questions, sensing that their inner life carries meaning. Often artists, creatives, or intuitive types, we explore the images, patterns, and stories shaping their lives, cultivating a deeper relationship with the psyche and what is emerging into consciousness.
(925) 690-2114 View (925) 690-2114
Photo of Emily Kitts, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Emily Kitts
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
As your therapist, I offer a calm and supportive space where you can feel understood and heard. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or weighed down by experiences that continue to affect their daily lives. The majority of my practice focuses on adults who are dealing with anxiety, work stress and challenging workplace dynamics, or the impact of past experiences that still feel present.
As your therapist, I offer a calm and supportive space where you can feel understood and heard. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or weighed down by experiences that continue to affect their daily lives. The majority of my practice focuses on adults who are dealing with anxiety, work stress and challenging workplace dynamics, or the impact of past experiences that still feel present.
(925) 396-7247 View (925) 396-7247
Photo of Joseph Charles Bentz, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Joseph Charles Bentz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
You have every capacity within yourself needed to proceed safely in moving through the issues you face. You will always lead "Where to go or What to do" next. We will explore together where and how the need to have safety, connection, and meaning is guiding your life. This takes a strength and confidence that can be accessed and developed - new choices can be made. These choices restore vitality and contact with the inherent goodness which we can experience ever more strongly and which can become more consistently available to you.
You have every capacity within yourself needed to proceed safely in moving through the issues you face. You will always lead "Where to go or What to do" next. We will explore together where and how the need to have safety, connection, and meaning is guiding your life. This takes a strength and confidence that can be accessed and developed - new choices can be made. These choices restore vitality and contact with the inherent goodness which we can experience ever more strongly and which can become more consistently available to you.
(925) 301-8748 View (925) 301-8748
Photo of Sara Fawkes, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Sara Fawkes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Are you dealing with a lot right now and feeling overwhelmed? I can help. I use proven tools and techniques that can really make a positive difference in your life - so you can stress less and feel more joy. As a psychotherapist, I'm trained to assist people with a wide range of life issues. My specialty is helping people cope with the tough stuff of life by providing emotional support, proven solutions and helpful coping skills as well as stress management/relaxation training to reduce the negative effects of stress on their lives and health..
Are you dealing with a lot right now and feeling overwhelmed? I can help. I use proven tools and techniques that can really make a positive difference in your life - so you can stress less and feel more joy. As a psychotherapist, I'm trained to assist people with a wide range of life issues. My specialty is helping people cope with the tough stuff of life by providing emotional support, proven solutions and helpful coping skills as well as stress management/relaxation training to reduce the negative effects of stress on their lives and health..
(925) 905-8137 View (925) 905-8137
Photo of Clare Hayward, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Clare Hayward
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
You might feel overwhelmed by a life transition, struggle with anxiety, feel stuck in the same arguments or patterns, or wish you felt more connected to yourself or the people in your life. Maybe grief or relationship stress feels heavy, and you’re tired of trying to hold everything together on your own. I work with individuals and couples to make sense of what’s happening and build practical tools to manage stress, improve communication, and feel more connected to yourself and others. I welcome clients from all backgrounds and identities and offer care that is culturally aware, affirming, and responsive to your unique experiences.
You might feel overwhelmed by a life transition, struggle with anxiety, feel stuck in the same arguments or patterns, or wish you felt more connected to yourself or the people in your life. Maybe grief or relationship stress feels heavy, and you’re tired of trying to hold everything together on your own. I work with individuals and couples to make sense of what’s happening and build practical tools to manage stress, improve communication, and feel more connected to yourself and others. I welcome clients from all backgrounds and identities and offer care that is culturally aware, affirming, and responsive to your unique experiences.
(925) 886-2905 View (925) 886-2905
Photo of Graeme Daniels, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Graeme Daniels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I am a psychoanalyst with 30 years of experience working upon addiction, relationship, self-discovery issues. I am the author of a book entitled Getting Real About Sex Addiction, published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2022. Shame underlies most problems I can treat. Leveraging guilt is not my game. Honesty and action follow upon awareness, not the reverse.
I am a psychoanalyst with 30 years of experience working upon addiction, relationship, self-discovery issues. I am the author of a book entitled Getting Real About Sex Addiction, published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2022. Shame underlies most problems I can treat. Leveraging guilt is not my game. Honesty and action follow upon awareness, not the reverse.
(925) 241-5135 View (925) 241-5135
Photo of Margaret Barry - Northern Ca. Family Center/Sliding Scale Providers, LCSW
Northern California Family Center serves adults & children seeking affordable psychotherapy based on their ability to pay (Sliding scale, based on income). Our staff works with people of all ages struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma histories, relationship issues, couples and family therapy. We are able to provide sliding scale treatment by utilizing our ACSW clinicians who are working on finishing their hours to be fully licensed therapists. All staff are supervised weekly by a licensed therapist with over 25 years experience. We provide in- person therapy in our Walnut Creek office and also provide telehealth.
Northern California Family Center serves adults & children seeking affordable psychotherapy based on their ability to pay (Sliding scale, based on income). Our staff works with people of all ages struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma histories, relationship issues, couples and family therapy. We are able to provide sliding scale treatment by utilizing our ACSW clinicians who are working on finishing their hours to be fully licensed therapists. All staff are supervised weekly by a licensed therapist with over 25 years experience. We provide in- person therapy in our Walnut Creek office and also provide telehealth.
(925) 722-4980 View (925) 722-4980
Photo of Rupa Puri Zimmermann, Psychologist, PhD
Rupa Puri Zimmermann
Psychologist, PhD
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
When people enter a time in their life or a situation where they may feel down, worried, overwhelmed, or without many options, I believe therapy can shed light on new paths. Using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), I help people gain a sense of control by teaching them effective ways to communicate, regulate their emotions, and improve interpersonal relationships to bring about needed change. I work collaboratively with my clients and their families so they can improve their quality of life and thrive.
When people enter a time in their life or a situation where they may feel down, worried, overwhelmed, or without many options, I believe therapy can shed light on new paths. Using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), I help people gain a sense of control by teaching them effective ways to communicate, regulate their emotions, and improve interpersonal relationships to bring about needed change. I work collaboratively with my clients and their families so they can improve their quality of life and thrive.
(925) 961-5340 View (925) 961-5340
Photo of Teagan Benson Darnell - Teagan Darnell, MA, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Teagan Darnell, MA, LMFT, EMDR
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
EMDR therapist in the East Bay specialized in Trauma / PTSD, Marriage Counseling, Food Issues / Disordered Eating, Anxiety, LGBTQ, Depression, Women's Issues, Spirituality, Life Transitions, Adoption, Parenting, and Teen Issues. I regularly see Couples, Families, Teens and Adults ranging from early adolescence to late 60's.
EMDR therapist in the East Bay specialized in Trauma / PTSD, Marriage Counseling, Food Issues / Disordered Eating, Anxiety, LGBTQ, Depression, Women's Issues, Spirituality, Life Transitions, Adoption, Parenting, and Teen Issues. I regularly see Couples, Families, Teens and Adults ranging from early adolescence to late 60's.
(925) 948-8070 View (925) 948-8070
Photo of Diane Anderson, Psychologist
Diane Anderson
Psychologist
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
The majority of my practice has focused on anxiety, depression, and relationship catastrophes. Maybe you have experienced childhood trauma which takes many forms and continues to impact your adult relationships, functioning and wellbeing. Maybe you live with someone who causes harm or is controlling, antagonistic and narcissistic. Maybe you want to see if your relationship with your children or partner can be restored. Maybe you are super worried about your child and seek guidance for yourself or them. Maybe you struggle with guilt and shame and finally want to rid yourself of that stress.
The majority of my practice has focused on anxiety, depression, and relationship catastrophes. Maybe you have experienced childhood trauma which takes many forms and continues to impact your adult relationships, functioning and wellbeing. Maybe you live with someone who causes harm or is controlling, antagonistic and narcissistic. Maybe you want to see if your relationship with your children or partner can be restored. Maybe you are super worried about your child and seek guidance for yourself or them. Maybe you struggle with guilt and shame and finally want to rid yourself of that stress.
(925) 291-9624 View (925) 291-9624
Photo of Eric Sherlock, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv, LMFT
Eric Sherlock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MDiv, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Sometimes our relationships—with others or with ourselves—become stuck. We may lose a sense of direction, purpose, or meaning, and begin to feel uncertain about who we are or how we show up in our relationships. Feelings of loneliness, sadness, or fear can emerge, and for some, even naming these emotions feels overwhelming. Others may respond by withdrawing, believing they must navigate life on their own. In these moments, we are invited to slow down and pay attention. When we do, healing can begin. Therapy can be a gift—an opportunity to look inward, gain clarity, and grow.
Sometimes our relationships—with others or with ourselves—become stuck. We may lose a sense of direction, purpose, or meaning, and begin to feel uncertain about who we are or how we show up in our relationships. Feelings of loneliness, sadness, or fear can emerge, and for some, even naming these emotions feels overwhelming. Others may respond by withdrawing, believing they must navigate life on their own. In these moments, we are invited to slow down and pay attention. When we do, healing can begin. Therapy can be a gift—an opportunity to look inward, gain clarity, and grow.
(925) 690-2816 View (925) 690-2816
Photo of Lily Bernheimer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC, MA
Lily Bernheimer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC, MA
2 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I support couples, adults, and teens/youth in coping with anxiety and trauma, navigating life transitions, and building strong relationships. My approach is warm, empathic, and client-centered—drawing on mindfulness, EMDR, EFT, cognitive behavioral therapy, parts work, the Enneagram, and motivational interviewing. My work with couples uses Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to help partners resolve conflicts constructively, restore deep connection, and feel like a team again. I support couples navigating fertility issues, and where anxiety, depression, ADHD, or recovery from substance abuse are at play.
I support couples, adults, and teens/youth in coping with anxiety and trauma, navigating life transitions, and building strong relationships. My approach is warm, empathic, and client-centered—drawing on mindfulness, EMDR, EFT, cognitive behavioral therapy, parts work, the Enneagram, and motivational interviewing. My work with couples uses Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to help partners resolve conflicts constructively, restore deep connection, and feel like a team again. I support couples navigating fertility issues, and where anxiety, depression, ADHD, or recovery from substance abuse are at play.
(341) 218-5320 View (341) 218-5320
Photo of Deanna Renee Swanson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, JD, LMFT, CSAT
Deanna Renee Swanson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, JD, LMFT, CSAT
2 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I work with individuals and couples to address relational issues, whether that is a relationship with self, a partner, family, or friends. I will offer support and hope as we determine the appropriate and workable course to help you maneuver through difficulties and challenges, create more balance and peace, and discover tools to live life with more joy. Additionally, I am experienced in working with addiction (sex and chemical addictions), trauma, depression, and anxiety.
I work with individuals and couples to address relational issues, whether that is a relationship with self, a partner, family, or friends. I will offer support and hope as we determine the appropriate and workable course to help you maneuver through difficulties and challenges, create more balance and peace, and discover tools to live life with more joy. Additionally, I am experienced in working with addiction (sex and chemical addictions), trauma, depression, and anxiety.
(510) 973-4752 View (510) 973-4752
Julia Di Rienzo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
When you make the decision to further your understanding of yourself, you are one step closer to feeling empowered to living the life that you envision. With a compassionate mind, I am looking forward to supporting and guiding you through the changes that lead to positive growth. With a blend of psychodynamic, cognitive, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy approaches, I provide support and practical feedback to help you effectively address personal issues and life challenges.
When you make the decision to further your understanding of yourself, you are one step closer to feeling empowered to living the life that you envision. With a compassionate mind, I am looking forward to supporting and guiding you through the changes that lead to positive growth. With a blend of psychodynamic, cognitive, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy approaches, I provide support and practical feedback to help you effectively address personal issues and life challenges.
(925) 392-3844 View (925) 392-3844
Photo of Michael Cheney, Psychologist, PsyD
Michael Cheney
Psychologist, PsyD
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Using insight-oriented and cognitive-behavioral approaches, I have developed an effective psychotherapeutic technique that has helped individuals gain relief from symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, uncontrollable anger, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol/substance abuse, and child acting-out behaviors. I am a Licensed Psychologist and a member of the American Psychological Association and the California Psychological Association. My clinical focus is in providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and adults. I see individuals, couples and families.
Using insight-oriented and cognitive-behavioral approaches, I have developed an effective psychotherapeutic technique that has helped individuals gain relief from symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, uncontrollable anger, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol/substance abuse, and child acting-out behaviors. I am a Licensed Psychologist and a member of the American Psychological Association and the California Psychological Association. My clinical focus is in providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and adults. I see individuals, couples and families.
(925) 308-5216 View (925) 308-5216
Photo of David Heckenlively, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
David Heckenlively
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I help men navigate high-stress life situations, including family conflict, caregiving, and major life transitions. Many of the men I work with feel pressure to hold everything together while feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or alone.
I help men navigate high-stress life situations, including family conflict, caregiving, and major life transitions. Many of the men I work with feel pressure to hold everything together while feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or alone.
(510) 216-1849 View (510) 216-1849
Photo of Gina Ritorto, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS
Gina Ritorto
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PPS
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I enjoy working with adolescents living with a wide range of presenting concerns. I provide individual counseling for teens, along with family sessions. I work within a collaborative model, integrating treatment techniques to build autonomy and coping skills. I work with teens and their community, to develop specific emotional, social, academic/education, and transitional goals. I have particular expertise in adolescents living with emotional disturbances, behavioral challenges, anger, anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and trauma.
I enjoy working with adolescents living with a wide range of presenting concerns. I provide individual counseling for teens, along with family sessions. I work within a collaborative model, integrating treatment techniques to build autonomy and coping skills. I work with teens and their community, to develop specific emotional, social, academic/education, and transitional goals. I have particular expertise in adolescents living with emotional disturbances, behavioral challenges, anger, anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and trauma.
(510) 726-1064 View (510) 726-1064
Photo of Dr. Mickell Lethco, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Mickell Lethco
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Your child is bright, thoughtful, and capable, but school feels harder than it should. Homework takes hours, small tasks derail the evening, and emotions seem to go from zero to 100 instantly. The inconsistency is what confuses you most. You’ve seen what they can do, which makes the struggles harder to understand. You’re not looking for excuses or quick fixes. You want clarity. You want to understand how your child’s brain works so you can support them in a way that actually helps and protects their confidence.
Your child is bright, thoughtful, and capable, but school feels harder than it should. Homework takes hours, small tasks derail the evening, and emotions seem to go from zero to 100 instantly. The inconsistency is what confuses you most. You’ve seen what they can do, which makes the struggles harder to understand. You’re not looking for excuses or quick fixes. You want clarity. You want to understand how your child’s brain works so you can support them in a way that actually helps and protects their confidence.
(925) 304-3937 View (925) 304-3937
Photo of Patty Shirley - East Bay Christian Counseling & Neurofeedback, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, BCN
East Bay Christian Counseling & Neurofeedback
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC, BCN
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I'm Patty Shirley - East Bay Christian Counseling. Attuned Neurofeedback is a very individualized form of therapy. It is a non-invasive, painless form of biofeedback, using no drugs or medications. It has been shown to enhance overall brain function and performance and be effective in reducing traits of ADHD, PTSD, OCD, trauma, depression, anxiety, and more. 
Electrodes, small sensors on the scalp, record the brain's activity. By giving positive feedback and reinforcement through audible and visual cues on a monitor, Operant Conditioning, it is like playing
 a video game using only your brain and
 no controller.
I'm Patty Shirley - East Bay Christian Counseling. Attuned Neurofeedback is a very individualized form of therapy. It is a non-invasive, painless form of biofeedback, using no drugs or medications. It has been shown to enhance overall brain function and performance and be effective in reducing traits of ADHD, PTSD, OCD, trauma, depression, anxiety, and more. 
Electrodes, small sensors on the scalp, record the brain's activity. By giving positive feedback and reinforcement through audible and visual cues on a monitor, Operant Conditioning, it is like playing
 a video game using only your brain and
 no controller.
(925) 212-1018 View (925) 212-1018
Photo of James Bylund - The Bylund Clinic, Psychologist
The Bylund Clinic
Psychologist
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Is your child is struggling with mental health? Is it effecting them in school (low grades, missing assignments, poor test performance)? Are you are scared about your child's future? Are you sad to see your child struggling with their mental health? As a parent you want your child to be happy and experience success. We believe every child deserves to feel a sense of wellbeing and reach their potential. And we are here to help.
Is your child is struggling with mental health? Is it effecting them in school (low grades, missing assignments, poor test performance)? Are you are scared about your child's future? Are you sad to see your child struggling with their mental health? As a parent you want your child to be happy and experience success. We believe every child deserves to feel a sense of wellbeing and reach their potential. And we are here to help.
(925) 705-4025 View (925) 705-4025

See more therapy options for 94596

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 94596

400+

Average cost per session

$187

Therapists in 94596 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
59% Cigna and Evernorth
48% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 94596 see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 94596?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.